Years Of Different Act :

1. Opium Act -1875

2. Poisonous Act -1919

3. Dangerous Drug Act -1930

4. Drug & Cosmetic Act Act – 1940 & Rule – 1945

5. Factory Act - 1949

6. Pharmacy Act -1948

7. Pharmacy Council Of
India {PCI} -1949

8. Drug & Magic Remedies - 1954

9. Medical & Toilet
Preparation Act – 1955 & Rule – 1956.

10. Patent Act -1970

11. Medicinal Termination &
Pregnancy Act - 1971

12. GMP - 1975

13. Narcotic & Psychotropic
Act -1985

14. Drug Price Control Order - 1955

15. The All India Council For
Technical Education Act
-1994

16. First ICH Indian Pharmacopoeia -1989

17. 1 st Edition IP - 1955

18. 2 nd Edition IP -1966

19. 3 rd Edition IP -1985

20. 4 th Edition IP -1996

21. 5th Edition IP - 2007

22. 6th Edition IP - 2010

23. 7th Edition IP - 2014

24. 8th Edition IP - 2018

Immunoglobulins: Important Points To Remember

1. Smallest Ig- IgG

2. Largest Ig- IgM

3. Maximum serum concentration- IgG

4. Minimum serum concentration- IgE

5.Heat Labile- IgE

6. Earliest to be Synthesised (primary immune response)- IgM

7. Secondary immune response- IgG

8. Crosses Placenta- IgG

9. Minimum half Life- IgE

10. Maximum half life- IgG

11. Protects Surfaces- IgA

12. Warm Antibodies- IgG

13. Cold Antbodies- IgM

14. Present in Milk- IgG and IgA

15. Fix complements via classical pathway- IgM & IgG

16. Fix complements via alternative pathway- IgA & IgD

17. Primary allergic response- IgE

18. Maximum sedimentation cofficient- IgM

19. Reagin activity - IgE

20. Antigen recognition by B cells - IgD

21. Prausnitz kustner reaction - IgE

22. Homocytotropism - IgE

23. Present in milk - IgA & IgG

24. Highest carbohydrate - IgE

25. Lowest carbohydrate - IgG

🔴Competitive antagonism 🔴

📌Reversible competitive antagonism is the commonest and most important type of antagonism ; it has two main characteristics:

–in the presence of the antagonist, the agonist log concentration–effect curve is shifted to the right without change in slope or maximum, the extent of the shift being a measure of thedose ratio

–the dose ratio increases linearly with antagonist concentration

📌•Antagonist affinity, measured in this way, is widely used as a basis for receptor classification.

🔴Agonists, antagonists and efficacy🔴

📌•Drugs acting on receptors may be agonists or antagonists.

📌•Agonists initiate changes in cell function, producing effects of various types; antagonists bind to receptors without initiating such changes.

📌•Agonist potency depends on two parameters: affinity (i.e.tendency to bind to receptors) and efficacy (i.e. ability, once bound, to initiate changes that lead to effects).

📌•For antagonists, efficacy is zero.

📌•Full agonists (which can produce maximal effects) have high efficacy; partial agonists (which can produce only submaximal effects) have intermediate efficacy.

📌•According to the two-state model, efficacy reflects the relative affinity of the compound for the resting and activated states of the receptor. Agonists show selectivity for the activated state; antagonists show no selectivity. This model, although helpful, fails to account for the complexity of agonist action. •Inverse agonists show selectivity for the resting state of the receptor, this being of significance only in situations where the receptors show constitutive activity.

📌•Allosteric modulators bind to sites on the receptor other than the agonist binding site and can modify agonist activity.

🔴Types of drug antagonism🔴
Drug antagonism occurs by various mechanisms:

📌 •Chemical antagonism (interaction in solution)

📌 •Pharmacokinetic antagonism (one drug affecting the absorption, metabolism or excretion of the other)

📌 •Competitive antagonism (both drugs binding to the same receptors) ; the antagonism may be reversible or irreversible

📌•Interruption of receptor–response linkage

📌•Physiological antagonism (two agents producing opposing physiological effects).