High-Yield facts on Amino Acids

All amino acids found in proteins exist in L-form

Amino acids have 2 isomers ie D and L forms. As each amino acid has one chiral carbon.
Remember the exceptions : Glycine does not have any chiral carbon, so no optical activity and no isomers.
Isoleucine and Threonine have 2 chiral carbons each, so four optical isomers each.

Maximum absorption of light is shown by Tryptophan.
Note that only aromatic AA absorb light.

Largest amino acid- Tryptophan
Smallest amino acid- Glycine

Most acidic amino acid- Aspartate
Most basic amino acid – Arginine

Most polar amino acid – Glutamine
Most non-polar amino acid – Phenylalanine

Amino acid with Imino group – Proline
Amino acid with Indole group – Tryptophan
Amino acid with Guanidium group – Arginine

21st amino acid is Selenocysteine.
It is coded by codon UGA (usually it is a stop codon).

22nd amino acid is Pyrolysine
It is coded by UAG

HYPER-REACTIVITY:

Increase intensity of effect of a given dose of a drug in
comparison to effect seen in most individuals.

Hypersensitivity

Allergic or other immunological response to a drug.

Clinical manifestations
• Skin Reaction
– Urticaria
– Rashes
– Angioneurotic edema

• Blood Dyscrasias
– Thrombocytopenia
– Granulocytopenia
– Aplastic anemia
– Hemolysis
– Anaphylaxis, asthma, serum
sickness, hepatitis, nephropathy

"GENERAL CHEMICAL TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS"

Alkaloids are tested by the following reagents. Each reagent or test has accuracy and specificity.

1. Dragendroff's reagent
👉 This reagent is constituted of Potassium Bismuth lodide (PBI). Alkaloids give reddish brown color with the dragendroff's reagent.

2. Mayer's reagent:-
👉 This reagent is constituted of Potassium Mercuric lodide (PMI). Alkaloids give cream color with the Mayer's reagent. Remember M for Mayer M for Mercuric.

3. Wagner's reagent:-
👉 This reagent is constituted of lodine potassium lodide (IP). Alkaloids give reddish brown precipitate with the Wagner's reagent.

4.Hager's reagent :-
👉This reagent is constitutes of Picric Acid. Alkaloids give yellow precipitate with the Hager's reagent.

5. Tannic acid :-
👉With tannic acid alkaloids give buff colored precipitate.

6. Picrolinic acid :-
👉Yellow colored precipitate are produced with picrolinic acid.