🔴 Mechanism of Action 🔴

🔺 Glucocorticoid :-

Corticosteroids penetrate cells and bind to cytoplasmic receptor protein.... Structural changes in steroidal receptor.... Form complex.... Enter or move into nucleus..... Bind with glucocorticoid responsive elements(GRE) on the chromatin ......promoting transcription of m-RNA..... Regulation protein synthesis ... Once appropriate proteins are synthesized... Effect persist .... Overall effect is catabolic.

🔺Glucocorticoid Actions :-

1.Carbohydrate metabolism
2.Protein metabolism
3.Fat metabolism
4.Calcium metabolism
5.Water excretion

6.CVS ... Restrict capillary permeability, maintain tone of arterioles and myocardial contractility.

7.Skeletal muscle weakness in hypocorticism as well as hypercorticism.

8.Stomach...secretion of Gastric acid and pepsin is increased.... May aggravate peptic ulcer.

9.Foetal lungs... Promote structural and functional maturation of fortal lungs near term. They stimulate production of pulmonary surfactants which are essential for inflation of foetal lungs at birth and air breathing.

10.Lymphoid tissue and blood cells.... T cells and B cells are more sensitive for destruction.
Glucocorticoids increase number of RBCs, platelets and neutrophils in circulation.

11. Inflammatory response

12.Immunological and allergic responses.

🔺Adverse reactions :-
▶️Cushing habitus
▶️Fragile skin
▶️Hypoglycemia
▶️Peptic ulcer
▶️Osteoporosis

🔴 Mechanism of Action 🔴

🔺Androgens & related drugs :-

Androgens ( Male sex Hormones)

Androgen ( Testosterone) binds with cytoplasmic androgen receptor (AR).... Form complex... Move into nucleus... Bind with androgen response elements of target gene.... Transcription.... Translation... Then effects are expressed through modification of protein synthesis.

🔺Actions:-

1.Sex organs and secondary sex characters development in boy at puberty.

2. Testosterone needed for nirmal spermatogenesis.

3.Anabolic effect on skeleton and skeletal muscles.

4.Erythropoiesis.

🔺 Anabolic steroids have similar actions like testosterone by bind with same receptor. E.g. Nandrolone, Oxymetholone, stanozolol, Methandienone ,etc.

🔴ADRS OF ANDROGEN🔴
✔️virilization in women
✔️Acne in both male n female
✔️Oligozoospermia
✔️Precocious puberty
✔️Salt retension and edema
✔️Cholestatic jaundice
✔️Hepatic carcinoma
✔️Gynacosmastia