🔴 Mechanism of Action 🔴

🔺 Uterine relaxants (Tocolytics)

🔸1. Adrenergic agonist :- MOA already discussed.....
e.g. Ritodrine, Isoxsuprine, salbutamol, terbutaline.

🔸2.Calcium Channel blockers :-

They simply block the calcium channel.... Cause reduction in tone of contractions.
e.g. Nigedipine and other dihydropyridines.

🔸3.Oxytocin Antagonist :-

e.g. Atosiban..... Antagonistic action on Oxytocin receptors.

🔸4. Miscellaneous Drugs :-

a. Magnesium sulphate :- Infused i.v. and it is first line drug for prevention and treatment of seizures in preeclampsia and eclampsia.

b. Other drugs like Ethyl alcohol, nitrates, progesterone, general anaesthetics and indomethacin (Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors) which can depress uterine contractions. However, their effect is not dependable and they are NOT used clinically as a tocolytics.

⭕ Important definitions in infective epidemiology:

🔹Infectivity = Number infected / Number exposed

🔹Pathogenicity = Number diseased / Number infected

🔹Virulence = Number of serious condition & mortality / Number diseased

🔹Reservoir - It is the environment where the infectious agent lives or multiplies and from where it can be transmitted to susceptible host
Eg : Soil, humans, animals, water


Host
💥Definitive host / primary host
- Where a parasite passes through its sexual phase or attains maturity

💥Intermediate host / secondary host
Where parasite exist in larval or asexual state

💥Transport host
A host in which the organism remains alive but no develpoment occurs.

💥Obligate host
Where the organism (human, animal or plant) is the only host to the parasite

👾Case👾

🌷Index case
First case of the disease that comes to the notice of an investigator or physician

🌷Primary case
First case of the communicable disease introduced into the population unit

🌷Secondary case
One that develops after contact with primary case.

🌷Suspect case
A case which has all the clinical features of the disease but has not been diagnosed with it.


👾Carriers👾
Carriers are those who don't show the symptoms but transmit the disease

🔸Incubatory carriers
Carriers shed the organism during the incubation period of the disease, especially during later parts of it
Eg : measles, mumps, polio, pertussis, influenza, diphtheria and hep B.

🔸Chronic carriers
Shed or excrete the organisms for indefinite period
Eg : Typhoid, Hep B, dysentry, malaria, gonorrhea.

🔸Healthy carriers
Those that suffer from subclinical infections who develop a carrier state without developing the overt disease but continue to shed the organism
Eg : Polio, cholera, meningococcal meningitis, salmonellosis, diphtheria.

🔸Convalescent carrier
Those that shed the organism during recovery or convalescence
Eg : Typhoid, dysentry, cholera, pertussis, diphetheria

🔸Pseudo carriers
Carriers of avirulent organisms

🔸 Paradoxical carriers
Carriers who got infection from another carrier.

📌Infection
- Entry and development or multiplication of an infective agent in host's body

📌Infestation
Lodgement, development and reproduction of arthopods on the surface

📌Contamination
Presence of a disease agent on the body surface like clothes, toys etc. and also in substances like food and water

📌Contagion
Communication of a disease from one person to another by close contact