Different Methods of Compaction of Concrete

✳️Compaction is an important process after placing of concrete.

✳️Compaction reduces the percentage of air voids in the concrete, thus it can increase the strength of concrete over a large extent.

✳️Scientific studies show that about 1 % of air voids can decrease the compressive strength by 6 % Such air voids should be avoided as you know that the concrete is the main material which takes the compressive load in the structural members.

🚧Different methods of compaction of concrete
You can do compaction of concrete by two methods, hand compaction and mechanical compaction.

📌1.Hand Compaction
You may have already seen hand compaction in various places because it is a widely used compaction method in construction works.

⏺Nowadays it is used only for small construction works and unimportant or temporary construction works.

❇️The different types of hand compaction of concrete are given below.

✅A. Rodding

⏺Rodding is a method of poking concrete with a rod. The rod used for poking has a length of 2m and 16mm diameter. The thickness of layers of poking varies from 15 to 20mm.

✅B.Tamping

⏺Tamping is a method in which the top surface of the concrete is tamped or beaten by a wooden cross section road.

⏺Tamping is mainly used for the construction of roof slabs and pavements. By tamping, you can achieve levelling and compaction at the same time.

✅C. Ramming

⏺It is not used for the compaction in reinforced concrete works or upper storeys floors.

⏺Widely used for the compaction of ground floors.

📌2.Mechanical Compaction

⏺In mechanical compaction, vibrators are used. The vibrators can vibrate within the fresh concrete so that proper compaction occurs without any air voids.

⏺While compaction, the air bubbles in the concrete comes out at the top surface and it expells immediately.
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Soil pressure under a footing depends on soil type, rigidity of soil and footing, and depth of foundation. A concrete footing on sand has a pressure distribution like Fig.(a). Rigid footing on sand causes lateral displacement of sand near edges, reducing soil pressure near edges.

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✅L- connection of tie beam

1- Rebars must cross like the fingers of a hand.

2- Put an additional rebar around the outer corner.

3- Extend hooked bars from the inside to the outside.

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🖱ክፍል አንድ

🌟በደረጃ ሦስት ሥር የሚመደቡት ከፍተኛ ባለሙያ እርከን ሥር ያሉት ባለሙያዎች፦ ምሩቅ መሐንዲስ ወይም አርክቴክት (Graduate Engineer/Architect)፣ ፕሮፌሽናል መሐንዲስ ወይም አርክቴክት (Professional Engineer/Architect) እና ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል መሐንዲስ ወይም አርክቴክት (Practicing Professional Engineer/Architect) በሚል ሦስት ዋና ዋና እርከኖች ሥር ይካተታሉ።

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📏ምሩቅ ባለሙያ የሚባለው በምህንድስና ወይም ከምህንዴስና ጋር ተዛማጅነ ት ባላቸው የትምህርት መስክ ከታወቀ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ወይም ተመሳሳይ የትምህርት ተቋም በመጀመሪያ ዲግሪ የትምህርት ማስረጃ እና ከዜሮ እስከ ሶስት ዓመት የስራ ልምድ ያለው ምሩቅ የምህንድስና (ተያያዥ) ባለሙያ  የሚጠራበት፣ ሲቪል ምህንድስና፣ ቅየሳ ምህንድስና፣ ኮንስትራክሽን  ቴክኖሎጂ እና ማኔጅመንት፣ አርክቴክቸር፣ ከተማ ፕላን፣ ኤሌክትሪካል፣ ሳኒታሪ፣  ኤሌክትሮመካኒካል ኢንጂነሪንግ ባለሙያዎች  እናሌሎች በዘርፉ ያሉ መሐንዲሶች የሚሰየሙበት ምድብ ነው።

⏺ለ) ፕሮፌሽናል መሐንዲስ ወይም አርክቴክት (Professional Engineer/Architect)

📏በዚህ ዘርፍ የብቃት ማረጋገጫ የ ሚወስዱ ባለሙያዎች ከምህንድስና ጋር ተዛማጅነት ባላቸው የትምህርት መስክ ከታወቀ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ወይም ተመሳሳይ የትምህርት ተቋም የመጀመሪያ ዱግሪ የትምህርት ማስረጃ እና ቢያንስ ከሶስት ዓመት በላይ የሆነ  የስራ ልምድ ሊኖራቸው የሚገባ ናቸው።

🗞ፕሮፌሽናል የምህንድስና (ተያያዥ) ባለሙያዎች የሚያካትተው በስትራክቸራል፣  ጂኦቴክኒካል፣  መንገድ እና ድልድይ፣ ኤሌክትሪካል፣  ሳኒታሪ፣  ኤሌክትሮ መካኒካል፣  ማቴሪያል ኢንጂነሪንግ ባለሙያዎችን  እና ሌሎች ወደፊት የሚፈጠሩ የኢንጂነሪንግ ዘርፎች   የተመረቁ ናቸው።

▶️በዚህ ምድብ የሚከተሉት ስያሜዎች ሊሰጡ ይችላሉ።

~ ፕሮፌሽናል አርክቴክት
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የከተማ ልማት ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የመሬት ገጽታ ማስዋብ ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የማቴሪያል ምህንድስና ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የከርሰ ምድር ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል ጂኦቴክኒካል ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የመንገድ ምህንድስና ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል ሎኬሽን መሐንዲስ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የድልድይ ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል የኮንስትራክሽን ማኔጅመንት ባለሙያ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል ሳኒተሪ መሐንዲስ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል ስትራክቸራል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕሮፌሽናል ኤሌክትሪካል መሐንዲስ

⏺ሐ) ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል መሐንዲስ ወይም አርክቴክት

📌(Practicing Professional Engineer/Architect)፦ አመልካቹ ከታወቀ በኮንስትራክሽን ዘርፍ በዲግሪና ከዚያ በላይ በሆነ  ደረጃ የተመረቀ መሆን ያለበት ሲሆን፤  የዲግሪ  ሰባት ዓመት፣  የማስተርስ አምስት ዓመት እንዲሁም የድክትሬት ሶስት ዓመት ላመለከተበት ዘርፍ አግባብነት ያለው የሥራ ልምድ ሊኖረው የሚገባ ሲሆን ከተገለጸው የስራ ልምድ ዉስጥ ቢያንስ 2 ዓመቱ እንደአግባቡ በዲዛይን ወይም በዲዛይን  ክለሳ ወይም በኮንስትራክሽን  ግንባታ ወይም ማኔጅመንት ወይም ከሙያቸው ጋር ተያያዥነት ያላቸው ስራዎች ላይ የተሳተፈ መሆን  ይኖርበታል።

📐ባለሙያው ከላይ የተዘረዘሩትን  ስራዎች በቁጥር ሁለት (2) በራሱ እና እንደየአግባቡ በተቆጣጣሪነት የ ተሰሩ ለፕሮፌሽናል ብቃት ማረጋገጫ ካቀረቡት ተጨማሪ አንድ (1) ስራ ማቅረብ ይኖርበታል።

✨በዚህ ዘርፍ ስያሜ የሚሰጥባቸው ሰርቲፊኬቶች፦

~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) አርክቴክት
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የከተማ ልማት ባለሙያ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የመሬት ገጽታ ማስዋብ ባለሙያ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የማቴሪያል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ጂኦቴክኒካል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የመንገድ መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ሎኬሽን መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የድልድይ ባለሙያ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) የኮንስትራክሽን ማኔጅመንት
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ሳኒተሪ መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ስትራክቸራል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ኤሌክትሪካል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) መካኒካል መሐንዲስ
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ሰርቬየር
~ ፕራክቲሲንግ ፕሮፌሽናል (PP) ፔቭመንት መሐንዲስ

☄️የተሰራ ስራ ማስረጃ ማቅረብ የማይችል የፔራክቲሲንግ ፔሮፋሽናል የብቃት ማረጋገጫ ምስክር ወረቀት ለማግኘት ያመለከተ ባለሙያ  እራሱ የሰራቸውን  ሌሎች ሁለት (2) የስራ ልምዶችን በተጨማሪነ ት ማቅረብ አለበት።
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Today's Structural Engineer-እስቲራክቻራል መሐንዲስ Tip's

Nine things about the new Nile bridge

1. It is stretched by 18 cables from the left and right at the front and back, with a total of 72 cables (cables), and the total weight is transferred to the vertical pole through the cables and extends from the pole to the base.

2. The vertical pillar is 7 meters high above the base and 27 meters high, and it is composed of several piles with a depth of 24 meters from the water and underground.

3. The total length of the bridge is 380 meters.

4. The width of the side is 43 meters and it can accommodate 6 vehicles on the left and right at the same time.

5. Bicycle users lane in both directions and includes a 5 meter footpath;

6. By connecting one area with another, it helps you to easily carry out the exchange of products and goods without harassment.

7. Using a rare and new technology in our country (i.e. a sliding metal bridge folder) without the work of mapping the direction of the river.

8. Also, lights that can provide different interactions are installed on the bridge's tension cables

9. The total construction cost is 1 billion 437 million birr, according to the government communication service.


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