Question: Which condition is associated with low TIBC?
Anonymous Quiz
26%
A) IDA
27%
B) ACD
14%
C) IRIDA
33%
D) Thalassemia
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What does a low ACTH level with high cortisol indicate in the ACTH test?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A) Pituitary problem
16%
B) Addison’s disease
56%
C) Adrenal problem (ACTH-independent)
7%
D) CRH overproduction
Which of the following is one of the confirmatory tests for Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
50%
A) Single morning cortisol test
15%
B) Random cortisol measurement
26%
C) Late-night salivary cortisol x2
8%
D) Post-meal glucose test
Which of the following is a common skin manifestation in Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
A) Hypopigmentation
12%
B) Viral rash
54%
C) Skin atrophy with purple striae
16%
D) Night sweats
What is the mechanism behind hypertension in Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
A) Low renin secretion
15%
B) Increased catecholamines
60%
C) Cortisol acting on mineralocorticoid receptors
7%
D) High levels of insulin
What is the reason for hyperglycemia in patients with Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) Increased insulin secretion
8%
B) Glucose loss in urine
75%
C) Insulin resistance due to cortisol
8%
D) Decreased glucagon levels
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically seen in Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Truncal obesity
62%
B) Hypoglycemia
13%
C) Osteoporosis
14%
D) Hirsutism
Which of the following lab findings supports a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
19%
A) Morning serum cortisol < 1.8 µg/dL
39%
B) 24h urinary free cortisol > 50 µg/day
19%
C) ACTH > 200 pg/m
9%
C) ACTH > 200 pg/mL
15%
D) Midnight salivary cortisol < 0.18 µg/dL
A patient with Cushing’s syndrome presents with proximal muscle weakness and easy bruising. What is the most likely mechanism?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
A) Hypercalcemia and vasculitis
22%
B) Increased insulin sensitivity
47%
C) Protein catabolism and capillary fragility
16%
D) Autoimmune vasculitis
Which of the following best explains hypertension in Cushing’s syndrome?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) Renin deficiency
23%
B) Increased aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
63%
C) Cortisol acting like aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors
6%
D) Increased vagal tone
A 37-year-old woman presents with complaints of weight gain, muscle weakness, and irregular menstrual periods. On physical exam, she has truncal obesity, facial rounding, purple abdominal striae, and proximal muscle wasting. Her blood pressure is 155/100 mmHg.
She is not taking any steroids.
Laboratory Results:
8 AM serum cortisol: 28 µg/dL (5–25 µg/dL)
Midnight salivary cortisol: 0.3 µg/dL (<0.18 µg/dL)
24-hour urinary free cortisol: 300 µg/day (20–90 µg/day)
Serum ACTH: 85 pg/mL (10–60 pg/mL)
High-dose dexamethasone suppression test: Cortisol suppressed by 60%
CRH stimulation test: ACTH increases >50%, cortisol rises
She is not taking any steroids.
Laboratory Results:
8 AM serum cortisol: 28 µg/dL (5–25 µg/dL)
Midnight salivary cortisol: 0.3 µg/dL (<0.18 µg/dL)
24-hour urinary free cortisol: 300 µg/day (20–90 µg/day)
Serum ACTH: 85 pg/mL (10–60 pg/mL)
High-dose dexamethasone suppression test: Cortisol suppressed by 60%
CRH stimulation test: ACTH increases >50%, cortisol rises
What is the most likely cause of this patient’s Cushing syndrome above?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
A) Adrenal adenoma
17%
B) Ectopic ACTH-producing tumor
46%
C) Pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
8%
D) Exogenous steroid use
🥰3
Copper can act as both oxidizing and reducing agent because it:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Exists only as Cu²⁺
19%
B) Cannot change oxidation state
65%
C) Can switch between Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺
4%
D) Is always reduced
Which form of copper is required for intestinal absorption?
Anonymous Quiz
42%
A) Cu²⁺
12%
B) Cu³⁺
35%
C) Cu⁺
12%
D) Metallic copper
Before absorption, dietary copper must undergo:
Anonymous Quiz
25%
A) Oxidation
50%
B) Reduction
20%
C) Hydrolysis
5%
D) Methylation
Copper absorption mainly occurs in the:
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A) Stomach
38%
B) Jejunum
46%
C) Duodenum
Which transporter is responsible for copper entry into enterocytes?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) DMT1
52%
B) CTR1
28%
C) Na⁺/K⁺ pump
8%
D) GLUT4
High copper levels in the intestine will lead to:
Anonymous Quiz
27%
A) Increased CTR1 synthesis
27%
B) Decreased CTR1 synthesis
27%
C) No change
18%
D) Increased oxidation
Which of the following competes with copper absorption?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A) Sodium
15%
B) Potassium
69%
C) Zinc
4%
D) Chloride
Which of the following can increase copper absorption by affecting transporter production?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A) Insulin
26%
B) Cortisol
52%
C) Thyroid hormones
13%
D) Glucagon
Superoxide (O₂⁻) is produced mainly from:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A) DNA replication
17%
B) Glycolysis
70%
C) Mitochondrial respiration
4%
D) Protein synthesis