@Configuration
public class MailConfig {

    @Bean
    public JavaMailSender javaMailSender() {
        JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
        mailSender.setHost("smtp.gmail.com");
        mailSender.setPort(587);
        mailSender.setUsername("your.email@gmail.com");

        Properties props = mailSender.getJavaMailProperties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth.mechanisms", "XOAUTH2");

        // Настройка OAuth2 токена через Google API Client Library
        // Подробности: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2
        return mailSender;
    }
}

@Service
public class EmailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EmailService.class);

    public void sendSimpleEmail(String to, String subject, String text) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(text);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    public void sendHtmlEmail(String to, String subject, String htmlBody) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(subject, "UTF-8", null));
        helper.setText(htmlBody, true);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    public void sendEmailWithAttachment(String to, String subject, String text, File attachment) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(subject, "UTF-8", null));
        helper.setText(text);
        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(attachment);
        helper.addAttachment(attachment.getName(), file);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    @Async
    public CompletableFuture<Void> sendSimpleEmailAsync(String to, String subject, String text IMPORTANT: text) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(subject, "UTF-8", null));
        message.setText(text);
        mailSender.send(message);
        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
    }

    public void sendTemplatedEmail(String to, String subject, String username) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("username", username);
        String htmlBody = templateEngine.process("email-template", context);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText(subject, "UTF-8", null));
        helper.setText(htmlBody, true);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class AsyncConfig {
    @Bean
    public Executor taskExecutor() {
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
        executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
message.setTo("user@example.com");
message.setSubject("Тестовое письмо");
message.setText("Привет из Spring Boot!");
mailSender.send(message);

MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
helper.setTo("user@example.com");
helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText("HTML письмо", "UTF-8", null));
helper.setText("<h1>Привет!</h1><p>Это HTML письмо.</p>", true);
mailSender.send(message);

File file = new File("/path/to/file.pdf");
FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(file);
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8");
helper.setTo("user@example.com");
helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText("Письмо с вложением", "UTF-8", null));
helper.setText("Смотри вложение!");
helper.addAttachment("file.pdf", resource);
mailSender.send(message);

MailAuthenticationException
MailSendException
MessagingException

try {
    mailSender.send(message);
} catch (MailException e) {
    logger.error("Ошибка отправки письма", e);
    throw e;
}

@Retryable(value = MailException.class, maxAttempts = 3)
public void sendSimpleEmail(String to, String subject, String text) {
    SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
    message.setTo(to);
    message.setSubject(subject);
    message.setText(text);
    mailSender.send(message);
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

@Service
public class EmailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Autowired
    private MeterRegistry meterRegistry;

    public void sendSimpleEmail(String to, String subject, String text) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(text);
        try {
            mailSender.send(message);
            meterRegistry.counter("email.sent.success").increment();
        } catch (MailException e) {
            meterRegistry.counter("email.sent.failure").increment();
            throw e;
        }
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring.config.import=optional:configserver:http://config-server
spring.mail.password=${MAIL_PASSWORD}

@Testcontainers
@SpringBootTest
public class EmailServiceTest {

    @Container
    private static final GreenMailContainer greenMail = new GreenMailContainer();

    @Autowired
    private EmailService emailService;

    @Test
    void shouldSendEmail() {
        emailService.sendSimpleEmail("test@example.com", "Test Subject", "Test Body");
        assertEquals(1, greenMail.getReceivedMessages().length);
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
    <artifactId>greenmail</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

@MockBean
private JavaMailSender mailSender;

@Test
void shouldSendMail() {
    SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
    emailService.sendSimpleEmail("to", "subject", "body");
    verify(mailSender, times(1)).send(any(SimpleMailMessage.class));
}

@Service
public class EmailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendEmailToQueue(String to, String subject, String text) {
        EmailMessage email = new EmailMessage(to, subject, text);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("emailQueue", email);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "emailQueue")
    public void processEmail(EmailMessage email) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(email.getTo());
        message.setSubject(email.getSubject());
        message.setText(email.getText());
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    @Data
    static class EmailMessage {
        private String to;
        private String subject;
        private String text;
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

helper.setSubject(MimeUtility.encodeText("Тема на кириллице", "UTF-8", null));

Person person1 = new Person("John", 25);

Person person1 = new Person("John", 25);
Person person2 = person1;   // person2 ссылается на тот же самый объект
person1 = null;            // теперь единственная ссылка на объект — person2

person1.sayHello();       // вызов метода объекта
int age = person1.getAge(); // чтение свойства через геттер

void modifyList(List<Integer> list) {
    list.add(10);                    // модифицирует оригинальный список
    list = new ArrayList<>();        // переприсвоение локальной переменной — не влияет на внешний список
    list.add(20);                    // меняет уже новый (локальный) список
}

List<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<>();
modifyList(numbers);
System.out.println(numbers);         // [10], но не [10, 20]

String s = null;
int length = s.length(); // NullPointerException