Greetings All!!
Commerce Aspirants Admit Card Is Available At Portal
https://ugcnet.nta.nic.in/WebInfo/Page/Page?PageId=1&LangId=P
Commerce Aspirants Admit Card Is Available At Portal
https://ugcnet.nta.nic.in/WebInfo/Page/Page?PageId=1&LangId=P
Broad List of Topics asked in UGC Net Commerce Exam 2021 (25 Nov. 2021 – Both Shifts)
• Unit I – Business Environment and International Business: Passage on FDI, World Bank Group, BE Types Match, Porter Forces Model, FDI Route, Upassala Model, Types of Dumping, Regional Eco. Integration, International Trade Theories, NAFTA – USMCA, WTO, Passage on Covid-19 and Foreign Investment, Countervailing duties, BRICS.
• Unit II – Accounting and Auditing: Sacrificing ratio, Working capital, Variance Analysis passage 5 Question, Liquidation, Accounting standards, Cash Flow Statement, Purchase consideration, Balance Sheet in amalgamation, Value of Goodwill.
• Unit III – Business Economics: Cobb-douglas production function, Price Elasticity, Price decision in different market forms, AR/MR, Indifference curve properties, Consumer Rationality.
• Unit IV – Business Finance : Capital Budgeting techniques, Dividend Models, Pecking Order, EOQ, Value of Firm, MM Model, Financial Risk, Derivative market, Capital Structure, Rule of 72.
• Unit V – Business Statistics and Research : Correlation regression, Standard Error, Mann whitney test, Standard Deviation, Binomial & Poisson Distribution, Chi-square, Probability formulas, Skewness/Kurtosis, Likert Scale.
• Unit VI – Business Management and Human Resource Management : Features of management, Management thinkers and their works, Comprehension on Management theory and Industrial Revolution, CSR, Sequence of group formation, Organization structure, Types of Power in Organization, Training and Development, Delegation.
• Unit VII – Banking and Financial Institutions : Indian Financial System, Money Market in India, Digital/Electronic Purse, Insurance related Acts – Years, Basel Norms, Share Issue – Public/Rights, NBFCs.
• Unit VIII – Marketing Management : Pricing Strategies: skimming; penetration, Consumer Behavior Model, BCG Matrix, Channels of Distribution, Market segmentation, Logistics management.
• Unit IX – Legal Aspects of Business : Delivery in sale of goods, competition act, Types of damages, Promissory Note (negotiable instruments), GST replaced which taxes, Copyright infringement, Contract of agency, Rights of minor, RTI Act.
• Unit X – Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning : ITR forms, Computation of Tax, Section 35 related question, GAV sequence in House property, Entertainment Allowance, HRA, Tax Audit limits, Deductions under VI-A, Types of Provident Fund, Tea-agriculture or non-agriculture income, MAT Provision applicability, Deductions from business income, TDS, Tax Planning.
• Unit I – Business Environment and International Business: Passage on FDI, World Bank Group, BE Types Match, Porter Forces Model, FDI Route, Upassala Model, Types of Dumping, Regional Eco. Integration, International Trade Theories, NAFTA – USMCA, WTO, Passage on Covid-19 and Foreign Investment, Countervailing duties, BRICS.
• Unit II – Accounting and Auditing: Sacrificing ratio, Working capital, Variance Analysis passage 5 Question, Liquidation, Accounting standards, Cash Flow Statement, Purchase consideration, Balance Sheet in amalgamation, Value of Goodwill.
• Unit III – Business Economics: Cobb-douglas production function, Price Elasticity, Price decision in different market forms, AR/MR, Indifference curve properties, Consumer Rationality.
• Unit IV – Business Finance : Capital Budgeting techniques, Dividend Models, Pecking Order, EOQ, Value of Firm, MM Model, Financial Risk, Derivative market, Capital Structure, Rule of 72.
• Unit V – Business Statistics and Research : Correlation regression, Standard Error, Mann whitney test, Standard Deviation, Binomial & Poisson Distribution, Chi-square, Probability formulas, Skewness/Kurtosis, Likert Scale.
• Unit VI – Business Management and Human Resource Management : Features of management, Management thinkers and their works, Comprehension on Management theory and Industrial Revolution, CSR, Sequence of group formation, Organization structure, Types of Power in Organization, Training and Development, Delegation.
• Unit VII – Banking and Financial Institutions : Indian Financial System, Money Market in India, Digital/Electronic Purse, Insurance related Acts – Years, Basel Norms, Share Issue – Public/Rights, NBFCs.
• Unit VIII – Marketing Management : Pricing Strategies: skimming; penetration, Consumer Behavior Model, BCG Matrix, Channels of Distribution, Market segmentation, Logistics management.
• Unit IX – Legal Aspects of Business : Delivery in sale of goods, competition act, Types of damages, Promissory Note (negotiable instruments), GST replaced which taxes, Copyright infringement, Contract of agency, Rights of minor, RTI Act.
• Unit X – Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning : ITR forms, Computation of Tax, Section 35 related question, GAV sequence in House property, Entertainment Allowance, HRA, Tax Audit limits, Deductions under VI-A, Types of Provident Fund, Tea-agriculture or non-agriculture income, MAT Provision applicability, Deductions from business income, TDS, Tax Planning.
In which of the following sectors, FDI is prohibited in India?
1. Lottery Business
2. Chit Funds 3. Nidhi Companies 4. Aviation Sector A. 1,2&3 B. 1&2 C. 1&3 D. 2&3
1. Lottery Business
2. Chit Funds 3. Nidhi Companies 4. Aviation Sector A. 1,2&3 B. 1&2 C. 1&3 D. 2&3
Anonymous Quiz
45%
A
28%
B
17%
C
10%
D
____________ is a system that tracks and accumulates the actual costs and revenues attributable to cost object from its invention to its abandonment.
A. Kaizen Costing
B. Just in Time Costing C. Life Cycle Costing D. Process Costing
A. Kaizen Costing
B. Just in Time Costing C. Life Cycle Costing D. Process Costing
Anonymous Quiz
27%
A
23%
B
28%
C
22%
D
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? (Accounting Standard – Corresponding Ind AS)?
A. AS2–IndAS7 B. AS7–IndAS11 C. AS11–IndAS21 D. AS 21 – IndAS 27
A. AS2–IndAS7 B. AS7–IndAS11 C. AS11–IndAS21 D. AS 21 – IndAS 27
Anonymous Quiz
22%
A
32%
B
31%
C
15%
D
According to MM (Modigliani-Miller) approach, value of a firm depends upon:
1. Earning potentiality
2. Investment Policy 3. Pattern of distribution of earnings A. 1&2 B. 2 only C. All of the above D. None of the above
1. Earning potentiality
2. Investment Policy 3. Pattern of distribution of earnings A. 1&2 B. 2 only C. All of the above D. None of the above
Anonymous Quiz
25%
A
20%
B
44%
C
10%
D
Which of the following is not an external technique about hedging transaction risk in foreign exchange transactions?
A. Forward Contract
B. Money Market Hedge C. Leading and Lagging D. Forex Swaps
A. Forward Contract
B. Money Market Hedge C. Leading and Lagging D. Forex Swaps
Anonymous Quiz
22%
A
31%
B
30%
C
17%
D
According to RBI, terms loans on which interest or installment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than _____ days from the end of a particular quarter is called a Non- performing Asset?
A. 60 days
B. 90 days C. 120 days D. 150 days
A. 60 days
B. 90 days C. 120 days D. 150 days
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A
57%
B
23%
C
6%
D
The provisions of the Competition Act relating to anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position were notified on:
A. 20th May, 2006
B. 20th May, 2009 C. 20th May, 2013 D. 20th May, 2017
A. 20th May, 2006
B. 20th May, 2009 C. 20th May, 2013 D. 20th May, 2017
Anonymous Quiz
24%
A
33%
B
32%
C
11%
D
Yuvika is a citizen of India. She has been employed with an Indian company since 2012. On September 1, 2020. Yuvika left India to join employment in Germany with a foreign company. Determine her residential status for Assessment Year 2021-22.
Anonymous Quiz
36%
A. Resident and Ordinarily Resident
43%
B. Resident but not Ordinarily Resident
16%
C. Non Resident
5%
D. Data Inadequate
Which of the following is/are popular methods of granting bilateral relief from Double Taxation?
1. Exemption Method
2. Classification Method 3. Tax Credit Method A. 1&2 B. 2&3 C. 1&3 D. All of the above
1. Exemption Method
2. Classification Method 3. Tax Credit Method A. 1&2 B. 2&3 C. 1&3 D. All of the above
Anonymous Quiz
19%
A
23%
B
33%
C
25%
D
A company’s organization culture does NOT manifest in:
A. the relationships among the employees
B. worker safety C. organizational challenges D. pay for performance
A. the relationships among the employees
B. worker safety C. organizational challenges D. pay for performance
Anonymous Quiz
23%
A
21%
B
29%
C
26%
D
Happy Morning Everyone🥰
Quiz On Unacademy App
📝Paper-2(Business Finance)
✍🏻CODE: 961406
🕒Timings: 11:00 AM
Interested ones do attend
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
Quiz On Unacademy App
📝Paper-2(Business Finance)
✍🏻CODE: 961406
🕒Timings: 11:00 AM
Interested ones do attend
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
Happy Morning Everyone 🥰
✍🏻6 Months Learning Starting From Jan 3rd 2022
📍Limited Slots Only📍
🔖Paper-1 (General)
🔖Paper-1 & 2 (Commerce)
📍Intake Only 40 Slots
Interested Aspirants
Kindly Fill Up The Below Google Form
https://forms.gle/ncyP1k7rFKHiS9zNA
✍🏻6 Months Learning Starting From Jan 3rd 2022
📍Limited Slots Only📍
🔖Paper-1 (General)
🔖Paper-1 & 2 (Commerce)
📍Intake Only 40 Slots
Interested Aspirants
Kindly Fill Up The Below Google Form
https://forms.gle/ncyP1k7rFKHiS9zNA
Greetings Aspirants!!
Interested In 50 Sets Off Paid Mock Test Series
Join: https://t.me/+zy8P2pH8hBcyNWNl
Access For 6 Months Jan-June
50 Sets Off Tests
📝Paper-1 45 Q(Excluding RC)
📝Paper-2 50 Q
Interested In 50 Sets Off Paid Mock Test Series
Join: https://t.me/+zy8P2pH8hBcyNWNl
Access For 6 Months Jan-June
50 Sets Off Tests
📝Paper-1 45 Q(Excluding RC)
📝Paper-2 50 Q
🦁🐯 Important National Park / Sanctuary of India 🦁🐯
==============================
🔸 Bandipur National Park➖ Karnataka
🔸 Buxa Tiger Reserve➖ West Bengal
🔸 Bandhavgarh National Park➖ Madhya Pradesh
🔸 Corbett National Park➖ Uttarakhand
🔸 Chandraprabha Sanctuary➖ Uttar Pradesh
🔸 Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary➖ Karnataka
🔸 Dachigam Sanctuary➖ Kashmir
🔸 Dudhwa National Park➖ Uttar Pradesh
🔸 Gir National Park➖ Gujarat
🔸 Hazaribagh Sanctuary➖ Hazaribagh (Jharkhand)
🔸 Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary➖ Rann of Kutch (Gujarat)
🔸 Jaldapara National Park➖ West Bengal
🔸 Keoladeo Ghana National Park➖ Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
🔸 Keibul Lamjao National Park➖ Manipur
🔸 Kanha National Park➖ Madhya Pradesh
🔸 Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary➖ Jammu and Kashmir
🔸 Kaziranga National Park➖ Assam
🔸 Manas National Park➖ Assam
🔸 Mudumalai National Park➖ Tamil Nadu
🔸 Nokrek National Park➖ Meghalaya
🔸 Namdapha National Park➖ Arunachal Pradesh
🔸 Nagarhole National Park➖ Karnataka
🔸 Nawegoan National Park➖ Bhandare (Maharashtra)
🔸 Periyar Sanctuary➖ Kerala
🔸 Panchmarhi➖ Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh)
🔸 Ranthambore National Park➖ Rajasthan
🔸 Rohla National Park➖ Kullu (Madhya Pradesh)
🔸 Sunderban Tiger Reserve➖ West Bengal
🔸 Sariska National Park➖ Rajasthan
🔸 Simlipal National Park➖ Odisha
🔸 Tadoba National Park➖ Chandrapur (Maharashtra)
🔸 Tadwai Sanctuary➖ Warrangal (Andhra Pradesh)
🔸 Tungabhadra Sanctuary➖ Bellary (Karnataka)
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
==============================
🔸 Bandipur National Park➖ Karnataka
🔸 Buxa Tiger Reserve➖ West Bengal
🔸 Bandhavgarh National Park➖ Madhya Pradesh
🔸 Corbett National Park➖ Uttarakhand
🔸 Chandraprabha Sanctuary➖ Uttar Pradesh
🔸 Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary➖ Karnataka
🔸 Dachigam Sanctuary➖ Kashmir
🔸 Dudhwa National Park➖ Uttar Pradesh
🔸 Gir National Park➖ Gujarat
🔸 Hazaribagh Sanctuary➖ Hazaribagh (Jharkhand)
🔸 Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary➖ Rann of Kutch (Gujarat)
🔸 Jaldapara National Park➖ West Bengal
🔸 Keoladeo Ghana National Park➖ Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
🔸 Keibul Lamjao National Park➖ Manipur
🔸 Kanha National Park➖ Madhya Pradesh
🔸 Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary➖ Jammu and Kashmir
🔸 Kaziranga National Park➖ Assam
🔸 Manas National Park➖ Assam
🔸 Mudumalai National Park➖ Tamil Nadu
🔸 Nokrek National Park➖ Meghalaya
🔸 Namdapha National Park➖ Arunachal Pradesh
🔸 Nagarhole National Park➖ Karnataka
🔸 Nawegoan National Park➖ Bhandare (Maharashtra)
🔸 Periyar Sanctuary➖ Kerala
🔸 Panchmarhi➖ Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh)
🔸 Ranthambore National Park➖ Rajasthan
🔸 Rohla National Park➖ Kullu (Madhya Pradesh)
🔸 Sunderban Tiger Reserve➖ West Bengal
🔸 Sariska National Park➖ Rajasthan
🔸 Simlipal National Park➖ Odisha
🔸 Tadoba National Park➖ Chandrapur (Maharashtra)
🔸 Tadwai Sanctuary➖ Warrangal (Andhra Pradesh)
🔸 Tungabhadra Sanctuary➖ Bellary (Karnataka)
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
👉🏻Cost Analysis
In economics, the Cost Analysis refers to the measure of the cost – output relationship, i.e. the economists are concerned with determining the cost incurred in hiring the inputs and how well these can be re-arranged to increase the productivity (output) of the firm.
In other words, the cost analysis is concerned with determining money value of inputs (labor, raw material), called as the overall cost of production which helps in deciding the optimum level of production.
There are several cost concepts relevant to the business operations and decisions and for the convenience of understanding these can be grouped under two overlapping categories:
1. Cost Concepts Used for Accounting Purposes: Generally, the accountants use these cost concepts to study the financial position of the firm. They are concerned with arranging the finances of the firm and therefore keep a track of the assets and liabilities of the firm. The accounting costs are used for taxation purposes and calculating the profit and loss of the firm. These are:
➖Opportunity Cost
➖Business Cost
➖Full Cost
➖Explicit Cost
➖Implicit Cost
➖Out-of-Pocket Cost
➖Book Cost
2. Analytical Cost Concepts Used for Economic Analysis of Business Activities: These cost concepts are used by the economists to analyze the likely cost of production in the future. They are concerned with how the cost of production can be managed or how the input and output can be re-arranged such that the overall profitability of the firm gets improved. These costs are:
➖Fixed Cost
➖Variable Cost
➖Total Cost
➖Average Cost
➖Marginal Cost
➖Short-run Cost
➖Long-Run Cost
➖Incremental Cost
➖Sunk Cost
➖Historical Cost
➖Replacement Cost
➖Private Cost
➖Social Cost
In business, the manager must have a clear understanding of the cost-output relation as it helps in cost control, marketing, pricing, profit, production, etc. The cost-output relation can be expressed as:
C = f (S, O, P, T)
Where, C =cost, S = Size of the firm, O = output, P = Price and T = Technology.
With the increase in the size of the firm, the economies of scale also increase and as a result the cost of per unit production comes down. There is a positive relation between the cost and the output, as the output increases the cost also increases and vice-versa. Likewise, the price of inputs is directly related to the price, as the input price increases the cost of production also increases. But however, the technology is inversely related to the cost, i.e. with an improved technology the cost of production decreases.
Thus, the cost analysis is pivotal in business decision-making as the cost incurred in the input and output is to be carefully understood before planning the production capacity of the firm.
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
In economics, the Cost Analysis refers to the measure of the cost – output relationship, i.e. the economists are concerned with determining the cost incurred in hiring the inputs and how well these can be re-arranged to increase the productivity (output) of the firm.
In other words, the cost analysis is concerned with determining money value of inputs (labor, raw material), called as the overall cost of production which helps in deciding the optimum level of production.
There are several cost concepts relevant to the business operations and decisions and for the convenience of understanding these can be grouped under two overlapping categories:
1. Cost Concepts Used for Accounting Purposes: Generally, the accountants use these cost concepts to study the financial position of the firm. They are concerned with arranging the finances of the firm and therefore keep a track of the assets and liabilities of the firm. The accounting costs are used for taxation purposes and calculating the profit and loss of the firm. These are:
➖Opportunity Cost
➖Business Cost
➖Full Cost
➖Explicit Cost
➖Implicit Cost
➖Out-of-Pocket Cost
➖Book Cost
2. Analytical Cost Concepts Used for Economic Analysis of Business Activities: These cost concepts are used by the economists to analyze the likely cost of production in the future. They are concerned with how the cost of production can be managed or how the input and output can be re-arranged such that the overall profitability of the firm gets improved. These costs are:
➖Fixed Cost
➖Variable Cost
➖Total Cost
➖Average Cost
➖Marginal Cost
➖Short-run Cost
➖Long-Run Cost
➖Incremental Cost
➖Sunk Cost
➖Historical Cost
➖Replacement Cost
➖Private Cost
➖Social Cost
In business, the manager must have a clear understanding of the cost-output relation as it helps in cost control, marketing, pricing, profit, production, etc. The cost-output relation can be expressed as:
C = f (S, O, P, T)
Where, C =cost, S = Size of the firm, O = output, P = Price and T = Technology.
With the increase in the size of the firm, the economies of scale also increase and as a result the cost of per unit production comes down. There is a positive relation between the cost and the output, as the output increases the cost also increases and vice-versa. Likewise, the price of inputs is directly related to the price, as the input price increases the cost of production also increases. But however, the technology is inversely related to the cost, i.e. with an improved technology the cost of production decreases.
Thus, the cost analysis is pivotal in business decision-making as the cost incurred in the input and output is to be carefully understood before planning the production capacity of the firm.
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•
@JRF_NETCommerce
@JRF_NET_Commerce
•*¨*•.¸¸☆*･ﾟ❤️ﾟ･*☆¸¸.•*¨*•