Greetings ASPIRANTS
📍Gentle Reminder For KSET Aspirants 📍
Admission card (mentioning examination date: 11-Apr-2021) can carry the same admission card to the examination centre on Sunday 25th July 2021
http://kset.uni-mysore.ac.in/
📍Gentle Reminder For KSET Aspirants 📍
Admission card (mentioning examination date: 11-Apr-2021) can carry the same admission card to the examination centre on Sunday 25th July 2021
http://kset.uni-mysore.ac.in/
kset.uni-mysore.ac.in
KSET - Karnataka State Eligibility Test
Karnataka State Eligibility Test (KSET) for Assistant Professorship - 2021
Useful information
#Paper1
1. *PAN* - permanent account number.
2. *PDF* - portable document format.
3. *SIM* - Subscriber Identity Module.
4. *ATM* - Automated Teller machine.
5. *IFSC* - Indian Financial System Code.
6. *FSSAI(Fssai)* - Food Safety & Standards Authority of India.
7. *Wi-Fi* - Wireless fidelity.
8. *GOOGLE* - Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth.
9. *YAHOO* - Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.
10. *WINDOW* - Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution.
11. *COMPUTER* - Common Oriented Machine. Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
12. *VIRUS* - Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
13. *UMTS* - Universal Mobile Telecommunicati ons System.
14. *AMOLED* - Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode.
15. *OLED* - Organic light-emitting diode.
16. *IMEI* - International Mobile Equipment Identity.
17. *ESN* - Electronic Serial Number.
18. *UPS* - Uninterruptible power supply.
19. *HDMI* - High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
20. *VPN* - Virtual private network.
21. *APN* - Access Point Name.
22. *LED* - Light emitting diode.
23. *DLNA* - Digital Living Network Alliance.
24. *RAM* - Random access memory.
25. *ROM* - Read only memory.
26. *VGA* - Video Graphics Array.
27. *QVGA* - Quarter Video Graphics Array.
28. *WVGA* - Wide video graphics array.
29. *WXGA* - Widescreen Extended Graphics Array.
30. *USB* - Universal serial Bus.
31. *WLAN* - Wireless Local Area Network.
32. *PPI* - Pixels Per Inch.
33. *LCD* - Liquid Crystal Display.
34. *HSDPA* - High speed down-link packet access.
35. *HSUPA* - High-Speed Uplink Packet Access.
36. *HSPA* - High Speed Packet Access.
37. *GPRS* - General Packet Radio Service.
38. *EDGE* - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa Evolution.
39. *NFC* - Near field communication.
40. *OTG* - On-the-go.
41. *S-LCD* - Super Liquid Crystal Display.
42. *O.S* - Operating system.
43. *SNS* - Social network service.
44. *H.S* - HOTSPOT.
45. *P.O.I* - Point of interest.
46. *GPS* - Global Positioning System.
47. *DVD* - Digital Video Disk.
48. *DTP* - Desk top publishing.
49. *DNSE* - Digital natural sound engine.
50. *OVI* - Ohio Video Intranet.
51. *CDMA* - Code Division Multiple Access.
52. *WCDMA* - Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access.
53. *GSM* - Global System for Mobile Communications.
54. *DIVX* - Digital internet video access.
55. *APK* - Authenticated public key.
56. *J2ME* - Java 2 micro edition.
57. *SIS* - Installation source.
58. *DELL* - Digital electronic link library.
59. *ACER* - Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection.
60. *RSS* - Really simple syndication.
61. *TFT* - Thin film transistor.
62. *AMR*- Adaptive Multi-Rate.
63. *MPEG* - moving pictures experts group.
64. *IVRS* - Interactive Voice Response System.
65. *HP* - Hewlett Packard.
*Do we know actual full form of some words???*
66. *News paper =*
_North East West South past and present events report._
67. *Chess =*
_Chariot, Horse, Elephant, Soldiers._
68. *Cold =*
_Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease._
69. *Joke =*
_Joy of Kids Entertainment._
70. *Aim =*
_Ambition in Mind._
71. *Date =*
_Day and Time Evolution._
72. *Eat =*
_Energy and Taste._
73. *Tea =*
_Taste and Energy Admitted._
74. *Pen =*
_Power Enriched in Nib._
75. *Smile =*
_Sweet Memories in Lips Expression._
76. *etc. =*
_End of Thinking Capacity_
77. *OK =*
_Objection Killed_
78. *Or =*
_Orl Korec (Greek Word)_
79. *Bye =*♥️
_Be with you Everytime._
#Paper1
1. *PAN* - permanent account number.
2. *PDF* - portable document format.
3. *SIM* - Subscriber Identity Module.
4. *ATM* - Automated Teller machine.
5. *IFSC* - Indian Financial System Code.
6. *FSSAI(Fssai)* - Food Safety & Standards Authority of India.
7. *Wi-Fi* - Wireless fidelity.
8. *GOOGLE* - Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth.
9. *YAHOO* - Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.
10. *WINDOW* - Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution.
11. *COMPUTER* - Common Oriented Machine. Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
12. *VIRUS* - Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
13. *UMTS* - Universal Mobile Telecommunicati ons System.
14. *AMOLED* - Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode.
15. *OLED* - Organic light-emitting diode.
16. *IMEI* - International Mobile Equipment Identity.
17. *ESN* - Electronic Serial Number.
18. *UPS* - Uninterruptible power supply.
19. *HDMI* - High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
20. *VPN* - Virtual private network.
21. *APN* - Access Point Name.
22. *LED* - Light emitting diode.
23. *DLNA* - Digital Living Network Alliance.
24. *RAM* - Random access memory.
25. *ROM* - Read only memory.
26. *VGA* - Video Graphics Array.
27. *QVGA* - Quarter Video Graphics Array.
28. *WVGA* - Wide video graphics array.
29. *WXGA* - Widescreen Extended Graphics Array.
30. *USB* - Universal serial Bus.
31. *WLAN* - Wireless Local Area Network.
32. *PPI* - Pixels Per Inch.
33. *LCD* - Liquid Crystal Display.
34. *HSDPA* - High speed down-link packet access.
35. *HSUPA* - High-Speed Uplink Packet Access.
36. *HSPA* - High Speed Packet Access.
37. *GPRS* - General Packet Radio Service.
38. *EDGE* - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa Evolution.
39. *NFC* - Near field communication.
40. *OTG* - On-the-go.
41. *S-LCD* - Super Liquid Crystal Display.
42. *O.S* - Operating system.
43. *SNS* - Social network service.
44. *H.S* - HOTSPOT.
45. *P.O.I* - Point of interest.
46. *GPS* - Global Positioning System.
47. *DVD* - Digital Video Disk.
48. *DTP* - Desk top publishing.
49. *DNSE* - Digital natural sound engine.
50. *OVI* - Ohio Video Intranet.
51. *CDMA* - Code Division Multiple Access.
52. *WCDMA* - Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access.
53. *GSM* - Global System for Mobile Communications.
54. *DIVX* - Digital internet video access.
55. *APK* - Authenticated public key.
56. *J2ME* - Java 2 micro edition.
57. *SIS* - Installation source.
58. *DELL* - Digital electronic link library.
59. *ACER* - Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection.
60. *RSS* - Really simple syndication.
61. *TFT* - Thin film transistor.
62. *AMR*- Adaptive Multi-Rate.
63. *MPEG* - moving pictures experts group.
64. *IVRS* - Interactive Voice Response System.
65. *HP* - Hewlett Packard.
*Do we know actual full form of some words???*
66. *News paper =*
_North East West South past and present events report._
67. *Chess =*
_Chariot, Horse, Elephant, Soldiers._
68. *Cold =*
_Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease._
69. *Joke =*
_Joy of Kids Entertainment._
70. *Aim =*
_Ambition in Mind._
71. *Date =*
_Day and Time Evolution._
72. *Eat =*
_Energy and Taste._
73. *Tea =*
_Taste and Energy Admitted._
74. *Pen =*
_Power Enriched in Nib._
75. *Smile =*
_Sweet Memories in Lips Expression._
76. *etc. =*
_End of Thinking Capacity_
77. *OK =*
_Objection Killed_
78. *Or =*
_Orl Korec (Greek Word)_
79. *Bye =*♥️
_Be with you Everytime._
🔖The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO₂ emissions are driving it.
🔖The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, also known simply as the Montreal Protocol, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
🔖A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
🔖An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismicity, or seismic activity, of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.
🔖A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcepts
🔖The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, also known simply as the Montreal Protocol, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
🔖A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range, causing the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
🔖An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismicity, or seismic activity, of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.
🔖A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcepts
Bloom's Classification of Teaching and Instructional Objectives
According to Bloom's classification, instructional objectives fall under one of the
following three categories:
1️⃣ Cognitive domain : It is related to development of intellectual capability and it is the core learning domain. The other domains least some cognitive components. It functions at six levels, which are as follows:
(a) Knowledge : It is basically about recalling information or contents.
(b) Comprehension : It is the ability to grasp the meaning of a material.
(c) Application : It is applying the gained knowledge in practical situations, that is,
converting abstract knowledge into practice.
(d) Analysis : It involves breaking down a communication into its constituent parts in
such a manner that relationship of ideas is understood better.
(e) Synthesis : It is basically about combining the constituent parts to make it a whole. It is antonym of analysis.
(f) Evaluation : It involves judgement made about the value of methods and materials
for particular purposes.
2️⃣ Affective domain : It deals with attitude, motivation, willingness to participate, valuing what is being learned, and ultimately incorporating the values of discipline into a way of life. It asks for better student participation. It includes the following levels of affective domain.
(a) Receiving: Willing to listen
(b) Responding : Willing to participate
(c) Valuing : Willing to be involved
(d) Organizing : Willing to be an advocate of an idea
(e) Characterization : Willing to change one's behaviour, lifestyle, or way of life.
3️⃣ Psychomotor domain : It is mainly concerned with the acquisition of technical skills.
Following are the _five_ different levels of instructional objectives in psychomotor domain:
(a) Imitation : Demonstration of a skill by another individual is essential for imitation.
An individual performs the act under the guidance of a skilled person.
(b) Manipulation : A learner tries to experiment with various aspects like manipulating machinery, equipment, etc.
(c) Precision : Accuracy in performing various acts increases with practice.
(d) Articulation : Achieving a desired level of efficiency and effectiveness through
practice.
(e) Naturalization : Skill is internalized and an individual is able to adapt, modify, or
design new techniques, methods, or procedures according to the requirements of a situation.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
According to Bloom's classification, instructional objectives fall under one of the
following three categories:
1️⃣ Cognitive domain : It is related to development of intellectual capability and it is the core learning domain. The other domains least some cognitive components. It functions at six levels, which are as follows:
(a) Knowledge : It is basically about recalling information or contents.
(b) Comprehension : It is the ability to grasp the meaning of a material.
(c) Application : It is applying the gained knowledge in practical situations, that is,
converting abstract knowledge into practice.
(d) Analysis : It involves breaking down a communication into its constituent parts in
such a manner that relationship of ideas is understood better.
(e) Synthesis : It is basically about combining the constituent parts to make it a whole. It is antonym of analysis.
(f) Evaluation : It involves judgement made about the value of methods and materials
for particular purposes.
2️⃣ Affective domain : It deals with attitude, motivation, willingness to participate, valuing what is being learned, and ultimately incorporating the values of discipline into a way of life. It asks for better student participation. It includes the following levels of affective domain.
(a) Receiving: Willing to listen
(b) Responding : Willing to participate
(c) Valuing : Willing to be involved
(d) Organizing : Willing to be an advocate of an idea
(e) Characterization : Willing to change one's behaviour, lifestyle, or way of life.
3️⃣ Psychomotor domain : It is mainly concerned with the acquisition of technical skills.
Following are the _five_ different levels of instructional objectives in psychomotor domain:
(a) Imitation : Demonstration of a skill by another individual is essential for imitation.
An individual performs the act under the guidance of a skilled person.
(b) Manipulation : A learner tries to experiment with various aspects like manipulating machinery, equipment, etc.
(c) Precision : Accuracy in performing various acts increases with practice.
(d) Articulation : Achieving a desired level of efficiency and effectiveness through
practice.
(e) Naturalization : Skill is internalized and an individual is able to adapt, modify, or
design new techniques, methods, or procedures according to the requirements of a situation.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
Inclusive education
Inclusive education is when all students, regardless of any challenges they may have, are placed in age-appropriate general education classes that are in their own neighborhood schools to receive high-quality instruction, interventions, and supports that enable them to meet success in the core curriculum (Bui, Quirk, Almazan, & Valenti, 2010; Alquraini & Gut, 2012).
The school and classroom operate on the premise that students with disabilities are as fundamentally competent as students without disabilities. Therefore, all students can be full participants in their classrooms and in the local school community. Much of the movement is related to legislation that students receive their education in the least restrictive environment (LRE). This means they are with their peers without disabilities to the maximum degree possible, with general education the placement of first choice for all students (Alquraini & Gut, 2012).
Successful inclusive education happens primarily through accepting, understanding, and attending to student differences and diversity, which can include physical, cognitive, academic, social, and emotional. This is not to say that students never need to spend time out of regular education classes, because sometimes they do for a very particular purpose — for instance, for speech or occupational therapy. But the goal is this should be the exception.
The driving principle is to make all students feel welcomed, appropriately challenged, and supported in their efforts. It’s also critically important that the adults are supported, too. This includes the regular education teacher and the special education teacher, as well as all other staff and faculty who are key stakeholders — and that also includes parents.
#Paper1
#RepeatedConcepts
Inclusive education is when all students, regardless of any challenges they may have, are placed in age-appropriate general education classes that are in their own neighborhood schools to receive high-quality instruction, interventions, and supports that enable them to meet success in the core curriculum (Bui, Quirk, Almazan, & Valenti, 2010; Alquraini & Gut, 2012).
The school and classroom operate on the premise that students with disabilities are as fundamentally competent as students without disabilities. Therefore, all students can be full participants in their classrooms and in the local school community. Much of the movement is related to legislation that students receive their education in the least restrictive environment (LRE). This means they are with their peers without disabilities to the maximum degree possible, with general education the placement of first choice for all students (Alquraini & Gut, 2012).
Successful inclusive education happens primarily through accepting, understanding, and attending to student differences and diversity, which can include physical, cognitive, academic, social, and emotional. This is not to say that students never need to spend time out of regular education classes, because sometimes they do for a very particular purpose — for instance, for speech or occupational therapy. But the goal is this should be the exception.
The driving principle is to make all students feel welcomed, appropriately challenged, and supported in their efforts. It’s also critically important that the adults are supported, too. This includes the regular education teacher and the special education teacher, as well as all other staff and faculty who are key stakeholders — and that also includes parents.
#Paper1
#RepeatedConcepts
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
▶️Established When and by Whom: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organisation.
🧐Founded in 1948, today IUCN the largest professional global conservation network. IUCN has more than 1,200 member organizations including 200+ government and 900+ non-government organizations.
🏢Headquarter: The Union’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland.
🔐Key Functions: Conserving biodiversity is central to the mission of IUCN. The main areas of function are:
🧪Science – the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
✌🏻Action – hundreds of conservation projects all over the world.
🔁Influence – through the collective strength of more than 1,200 government and non-governmental Member organizations.
💰Funding: Funded by governments, bilateral and multilateral agencies, foundations, member organisations and corporations.
🤷🏻♀️**More about the IUCN**
Governance by a Council elected by member organizations every four years at the IUCN World Conservation Congress.
Observer Status at the United Nations General Assembly.
🇮🇳India specific trivia:
India became a State Member of IUCN in 1969, through the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
The IUCN India Country Office was established in 2007 in New Delhi.
IUCN India works with Members and Commissions to reduce ecosystem and species loss by providing the necessary tools and knowledge to value, conserve and use biodiversity sustainability; enhance governance and policy for better management of ecosystems and habitats, including protected areas; and address challenges related to poverty alleviation, food security and climate change
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
▶️Established When and by Whom: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organisation.
🧐Founded in 1948, today IUCN the largest professional global conservation network. IUCN has more than 1,200 member organizations including 200+ government and 900+ non-government organizations.
🏢Headquarter: The Union’s headquarters are located in Gland, near Geneva, in Switzerland.
🔐Key Functions: Conserving biodiversity is central to the mission of IUCN. The main areas of function are:
🧪Science – the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
✌🏻Action – hundreds of conservation projects all over the world.
🔁Influence – through the collective strength of more than 1,200 government and non-governmental Member organizations.
💰Funding: Funded by governments, bilateral and multilateral agencies, foundations, member organisations and corporations.
🤷🏻♀️**More about the IUCN**
Governance by a Council elected by member organizations every four years at the IUCN World Conservation Congress.
Observer Status at the United Nations General Assembly.
🇮🇳India specific trivia:
India became a State Member of IUCN in 1969, through the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
The IUCN India Country Office was established in 2007 in New Delhi.
IUCN India works with Members and Commissions to reduce ecosystem and species loss by providing the necessary tools and knowledge to value, conserve and use biodiversity sustainability; enhance governance and policy for better management of ecosystems and habitats, including protected areas; and address challenges related to poverty alleviation, food security and climate change
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
Desire NET JRF
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on 5 June and is the United Nations' principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment. First held in 1974, it has been a platform for raising awareness on environmental issue such as marinepollution,human overpopulation, global warming, sustainable consumption and wildlife crime. World Environment Day is a global platform for public outreach, with participation from over 143 countries annually. Each year, the program has provided a theme and forum for businesses, non government organizations, communities, governments and celebrities to advocate environmental causes.
Theme
The theme for 2021 is "Reimagine. Recreate. Restore.", and will be hosted by Pakistan. On this occasion UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration will also be launched.
Anthem
Our cosmic oasis, cosmic blue pearl
the most beautiful planet in the universe
all the continents and all the oceans
united we stand as flora and fauna
united we stand as species of one earth
different cultures, beliefs and ways
we are humans, the earth is our home
all the people and the nations of the world
all for one and one for all united we unfurl the blue marble flag.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated annually on 5 June and is the United Nations' principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of the environment. First held in 1974, it has been a platform for raising awareness on environmental issue such as marinepollution,human overpopulation, global warming, sustainable consumption and wildlife crime. World Environment Day is a global platform for public outreach, with participation from over 143 countries annually. Each year, the program has provided a theme and forum for businesses, non government organizations, communities, governments and celebrities to advocate environmental causes.
Theme
The theme for 2021 is "Reimagine. Recreate. Restore.", and will be hosted by Pakistan. On this occasion UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration will also be launched.
Anthem
Our cosmic oasis, cosmic blue pearl
the most beautiful planet in the universe
all the continents and all the oceans
united we stand as flora and fauna
united we stand as species of one earth
different cultures, beliefs and ways
we are humans, the earth is our home
all the people and the nations of the world
all for one and one for all united we unfurl the blue marble flag.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
11th Petersberg Climate Dialogue
Friends, Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change attended the 11th Petersberg Climate Dialogue. The dialogue was held virtually for the first time in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.
_About the key Points_
_Petersberg Climate Dialogue_
It has been hosted by Germany since 2010 to provide a forum for informal high-level political discussions, focusing both on international climate negotiations and the advancement of climate action.
The virtual XI Petersberg Climate Dialogue was co-chaired by Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) and was attended by about 30 countries including India.
The UK is the incoming Presidency of the 26th Conference of Parties (COP 26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
COP 25 was held at Madrid, Spain in December 2019.
This year’s dialogue was crucial because of the efforts to contain coronavirus as well as countries preparing to move into the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement 2015 in the post-2020 period.
_India’s Contributions in the Dialogue_
India expressed solidarity with the world as it combats the Covid-19 pandemic and emphasised on adopting more sustainable consumption patterns in line with the requirement of sustainable lifestyles.
India suggested having climate technology as an open source available to all countries at affordable prices.
India stressed on climate finance and urged to plan for 1 trillion USD in grants to the developing world immediately.
India highlighted its Nationally Determined Contributions spanning a ten-year time frame and in compliance with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement.
India focused on the opportunity to accelerate renewable energy deployment and create new green jobs in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sector.
_Paris Agreement 2015_
Parties to UNFCCC agreed to strive to limit the rise in global warming to well under 2 degrees Celsius, over pre-industrial levels, by 2100, under Paris Agreement 2015.
Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) were conceived at the Paris summit which require each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs that it intends to achieve.
Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions.
Paris Agreement replaced earlier agreement to deal with climate change, Kyoto Protocol.
_Kyoto Protocol_
It was an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC, which committed its parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets.
It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 and entered into force in 2005.
It recognized that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity.
The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at COP-7 in Marrakesh, in 2001 and are referred to as the Marrakesh Accords.
1) Kyoto Protocol Phase-1 (2005-12) gave the target of cutting down emissions by 5%.
2) Phase-2 (2013-20) gave the target of reducing emissions by at least 18% by the industrialized countries.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
Friends, Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change attended the 11th Petersberg Climate Dialogue. The dialogue was held virtually for the first time in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.
_About the key Points_
_Petersberg Climate Dialogue_
It has been hosted by Germany since 2010 to provide a forum for informal high-level political discussions, focusing both on international climate negotiations and the advancement of climate action.
The virtual XI Petersberg Climate Dialogue was co-chaired by Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) and was attended by about 30 countries including India.
The UK is the incoming Presidency of the 26th Conference of Parties (COP 26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
COP 25 was held at Madrid, Spain in December 2019.
This year’s dialogue was crucial because of the efforts to contain coronavirus as well as countries preparing to move into the implementation phase of the Paris Agreement 2015 in the post-2020 period.
_India’s Contributions in the Dialogue_
India expressed solidarity with the world as it combats the Covid-19 pandemic and emphasised on adopting more sustainable consumption patterns in line with the requirement of sustainable lifestyles.
India suggested having climate technology as an open source available to all countries at affordable prices.
India stressed on climate finance and urged to plan for 1 trillion USD in grants to the developing world immediately.
India highlighted its Nationally Determined Contributions spanning a ten-year time frame and in compliance with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement.
India focused on the opportunity to accelerate renewable energy deployment and create new green jobs in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sector.
_Paris Agreement 2015_
Parties to UNFCCC agreed to strive to limit the rise in global warming to well under 2 degrees Celsius, over pre-industrial levels, by 2100, under Paris Agreement 2015.
Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) were conceived at the Paris summit which require each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs that it intends to achieve.
Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions.
Paris Agreement replaced earlier agreement to deal with climate change, Kyoto Protocol.
_Kyoto Protocol_
It was an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC, which committed its parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets.
It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 and entered into force in 2005.
It recognized that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity.
The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at COP-7 in Marrakesh, in 2001 and are referred to as the Marrakesh Accords.
1) Kyoto Protocol Phase-1 (2005-12) gave the target of cutting down emissions by 5%.
2) Phase-2 (2013-20) gave the target of reducing emissions by at least 18% by the industrialized countries.
#Paper1
#Important
#RepeatedConcept
Greetings Aspirants
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Interested In 30 Sets Off Paid Mock Test Series ?
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📜Paper-1 & 2(Commerce)
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#National_Park_State_Wise
#Trick_Mnemonic
#Paper1
#ImportantConcept
Maharashtra National parks
Trick- Sanjay Goga of Tadoba saw New Moon
S- Sanjay Gandhi National Park
G- Gugamal National Park
T- Tadoba National Park
N- Navegaon National Park
M- Chandoli National Park (Chanoli- Chand- Moon is called as Chand in Hindi.)
#Trick_Mnemonic
#Paper1
#ImportantConcept
Maharashtra National parks
Trick- Sanjay Goga of Tadoba saw New Moon
S- Sanjay Gandhi National Park
G- Gugamal National Park
T- Tadoba National Park
N- Navegaon National Park
M- Chandoli National Park (Chanoli- Chand- Moon is called as Chand in Hindi.)
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#National_Park_State_Wise
#Trick_Mnemonic
#Paper1
#ImportantConcept
**Assam National parks**
A man (MANAS) naming (NAMERI) Ranga (Kaziranga) was the professor in Rajiv Gandhi (RAJIV GANDHI) college.
While eating Dahi, he told his students to eat Dabur honey (DIBRU SAIKHOWA) and practice ASANAS (ASSAM) to stay fit.
Man- Manas National Park
Naming- Nameri National Park
Ranga- Kaziranga National Park
Rajiv Gandhi- Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park(Mini kaziranga)
Dahi- Dehing Patkai National Park
National parks of Assam Story
Dabur- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
#Trick_Mnemonic
#Paper1
#ImportantConcept
**Assam National parks**
A man (MANAS) naming (NAMERI) Ranga (Kaziranga) was the professor in Rajiv Gandhi (RAJIV GANDHI) college.
While eating Dahi, he told his students to eat Dabur honey (DIBRU SAIKHOWA) and practice ASANAS (ASSAM) to stay fit.
Man- Manas National Park
Naming- Nameri National Park
Ranga- Kaziranga National Park
Rajiv Gandhi- Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park(Mini kaziranga)
Dahi- Dehing Patkai National Park
National parks of Assam Story
Dabur- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park