Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ุดุฑุญ ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ๐Ÿ’ก

1_Limb-kinetic apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to use a finger, arm, or leg to make precise and coordinated movements. Although people with limb-kinetic apraxia may understand how to use a tool, such as a screwdriver, and may have used it in the past, they are now unable to carry out the same movement.
ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ูˆ ูŠุตูƒุฑ .

2_Ideomotor apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to follow a verbal command to copy the movements of others or follow suggestions for movements.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ุญุฑูƒุฉ.

3_Conceptual apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
similar to ideomotor apraxia. Pt is also unable to perform tasks that involve more than one step.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช .

4_Ideational apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to plan a particular movement. They may find it hard to follow a sequence of movements, such as getting dressed or bathing.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู„ุจุณ ู…ู„ุงุจุณู‡

5_Buccofacial apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to make movements with the face and lips on command.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุฌู‡ู‡

6_Constructional apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to copy, draw, or construct basic diagrams or figures.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ูŠูƒุชุจ ุญุฑู

7_Oculomotor apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt have difficulty making eye movements on command.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡

8_Verbal apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt find it challenging to make the movements necessary for speech. They may have problems producing sounds and understanding rhythms of speech.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ูŠู… ุŒ ููŠุจุฏุง ุตูˆุชู‡ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู….
โค2๐Ÿ‘1
ุดูŠุช ู…ุฌู…ุนุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุจุงู„ DD ูˆ ุงู„ Inv
ุดูˆููˆู‡ ุญูŠููŠุฏูƒู… ู‡ู„ุจุง ุจุงุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ
โค3๐Ÿ‘1
#General
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ jaundice

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD of jaundice ุŸ

A_per_hepatic / Hemolysis
B_Hepatic / hepatitis , liver cirrhosis and its cases , malignancies
C_pos_thepatic / Stone , PBC , PSC , Cancer head of pancreas

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธper_hepatic
CBC
Blood film
LDH
Heptoglobulin
Bilirubin
ESR , ANA , Anti ds
( ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ acquired causes of hemolytic anemia )

ูˆ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ congenital causes
HB electrophoresis
Osmotic fragility test
G6P level

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธHepatic , post_hepatic
LFT
Abdominal US
MRCP
ERCP
๐Ÿ‘2
#General
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ Signs of anemia
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ DD ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุนุŸ
โžก๏ธMicrocytic
1_ Iron deficiency anmia
2_ Thalassemia
3_ Sidroplastic anemia
4_ lead poisoning
5_ Anemia of chronic illness

โžก๏ธMacrocytic..
1_ Megaloplastic anemia
2_ Liver disease
3_ Alcholism
4_ Renal failure

โžก๏ธNormocytic..
1_ Anemia of chronic illness
2_ hemolytic anemia


~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ู†ุจุนุช
CBC
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช microcytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Iron study
Upper and lower git endoscopy ( if old age)
Stool analysis
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช macrocytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Folic acid level
Methylmalonic acid
B12 level
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช Normocytic
ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ hemolytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Blood film
LDH
Heptoglobulin
Bilirubin
ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุงูƒุฏู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ hemolytic
ู†ุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุจุงุด ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุณุจุจ๐Ÿ‘‡

ESR CRP ANA Antids...(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ acquired causes / eg :- SlE )

ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ congenital causes ู‡ูˆู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุฎุงุต ุจูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ .
Osmotic fragility test
G6P level
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
#General
**Rheumatology

ุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ Hand examination ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ DD ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
DD of small joint arthritis ๐Ÿ’ก

ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ DD ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง
1_RA
2_SLE
3_Psoriatic arthritis
4_Osteoarthritis
5_ Gouty arthritis

~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉactive ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุŸ

Hx / joint pain ,morning stifness, joint swelling
Ex/ Tenderness , Hotness ,joint Swelling , Rhematoid nodules
Inx / CBC ,ESR ,CRP

ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุดู† ุดูˆูุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุŒ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุฏุฑู†ุณ ูˆ ู‡ูˆุชู†ุณ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูƒุชู .

~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigationsุŸ
CBC
ESR
CRP
RF
AntiCCP
ANA ,Antids
Joint aspiration
X,ray
#General
**Endocrine
ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง signs of hypo or hyperthyroidism

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Causes ุŸ

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช hypo
1_Autoimmune/ Hashimoto,s
2_Post_thyrodectomy or radiotherapy
3_Iodine deficiency
4_Drugs SE / lithium, Amiodarone

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช hyper
1_ Graves
2_ Multinodular goiter
3_ Single toxic nodule
4_ Thyroiditis

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ investigations ุŸ

TFT / Free T3 , T4 , TSH
Neck US
Antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
Anti TSH stimulating hormone antibodies
Anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies
๐Ÿ‘1
#CNS
โžก๏ธMotor examination
ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠ UMNL

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD
1_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic )
MCC
2_Tumer
3_Trauma
4_Infection
5_Inflammation_MS

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Non contrast CT
MRI
ECG
ECHO
Carotid duplex
CBC
ESR___if high / ู†ุจุนุช ุญุชู‰ ANA , Antids
RBS , HBA1c
Lipid profile
Coagulation profile
LFT
RFT
CSF examination
Oligoclonal IgG
...........................
โžก๏ธCerebellar examination

ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุญ ุชูƒูˆู† signs of ataxia

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ

A_Congenital
1_spinocerebellar ataxia
2_freidreich ataxia
3_a beta lipoproteinemia
4_ataxic telagectasia
B_Acquired
1_Trauma
2_tumer
3_infection
4_Inflammation/ MS
5_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic)
6_Alcohol, phenyton toxicity
7_Autoimmune ( SCC , Celiac)
8_Hypothyroidism
9_Vit B deficiency _ especially B12

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡

Vit B 12 level
Blood film
TSH
Free T4


โžก๏ธ Crainal nerve examination

ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ูŠุจูŠูƒ ุงุฏูŠุฑู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุณ ูŠุจูŠ 7 ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ุงูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุณูƒุดู† ุนุงู„ุงุบู„ุจ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ facial nerve palsy ูˆ ุดู† ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of upper facial nerve palsy
1_ Trauma
2_ Tumer
3_ Infection
4_ Inflammation/ MS
5_ Vascular/ Stroke

ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ investigations ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุชุน ุงู„ UMNL


๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy (Unilateral )
1_ Bells palsy
2_ DM
3_ Post acoustic neuroma surgery
4_ Ramsy hunt syndrome
5_ OM
6_Parotid tumer

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy( Bilateral )
2L , 2 syndrome
1_ leprosy
2_ lyme disease
3_ fisherman syndrome (part of GBS)
4_ Heerfords syndrome (part of sarcidosis)
๐Ÿ‘1
#Respiratory
ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุชุฌูŠ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธRhonchi
~ูˆ ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_Asthma
2_COPD
3_Pneumonia
...ect
~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ุญูุธู†ุง ุณูŠู
ABG ,pusle oxymetry
CXR
PFT
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…๐Ÿ‘‡
Spirometry , peak flow meter
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุงุฒู…ุง )
HRCT
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู…ููŠุฒูŠู…ุง )
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture, urine culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฒุชูŠู‚ูŠุดู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ DD
..........................................................................
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธFine crepitation
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD
1_ILD
2_early pneumonia
3_pulmonary edema as complications of HF
~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ABG
PFT
CXR
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡
CBC
ESR , CRP
CTD screening / ANA , Antids
HRCT
BAl
Biopsy
( ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ ILD )
Echo
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ pulmonary edema )
Sputum culture , blood culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )
...........................................................................
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCourse crepitation
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_Bronchiactasis
2_chronic bronchitis
3_late pneumonia
~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ABG , pusle oxymetry
PFT
CXR
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡
HRCT
Sputum microbiology
Serology
Sacharin test
Ig level
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ Bronchiactasis )
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )

ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจูŠุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ุŒ ู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ููŠุงู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุชูƒูˆู†๐Ÿ‘‡
Decreased air entry
Dullness at lower zones
Chest tube under water seal
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD of dulness ุŸ
1_Pleural effusion
2_Collapse
3_Consolidation
~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ most likely Diagnosis ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ plural effusion.
~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ causes ุŸ
โžก๏ธA_General
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver cell failure
โžก๏ธB_local
Pneumonia
TB
CTD / SLE , RA
Malignancies
Pulmonary infarction
~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
CXR
CT scan
US ู…ุฑุงุช ุชููŠุฏู†ูŠ ุจุณ
ABG , pulse oxymetry
Plurocentesis /ุจุงุด ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน exudative ุงูˆ transudative

ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงุด ู†ุฒุจุท ุงู„ cause ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† transudative
ุจู†ุจุนุช
ECG
Echo
Urine for RE
U/Cr/E
LFT
Abdominal US
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ exudative
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุจุชุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุจุงุด ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุจ
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture
Quantiferon test
ESR , CRP
ANA , Anti ds
๐Ÿ‘1
#Abdominal
ู„ูˆ ูุฑุถุงู‹ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Abdominal distention

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุงู„ causes of abdominal distention ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„
5 F
ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ most likely ุจูŠูƒูˆู†( fluids )ascitis ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ุงุด ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑุฑูŠุณูˆู†ู†ุณ ูˆ ุจูˆุฒูŠุชู ุดูŠูุชูŠู†ู‚ ุฏุงู„ู†ุณ

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ DD of ascitis ุŸ

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธExudative
1_ Infection
2_ Malignancies

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธTransudative
1_ CHF
2_ Liver cirrhosis
3_ Nephrotic syndrome
4_ Hypothyroidism

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Abdominal US
Diagnostic paracentesis
Serum ascitis albumin gradient
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน High gradient ู†ุจุนุช๐Ÿ‘‡

CBC
FBS
LFT ( AST , ALT , bilirubin , Albumin, PT , PTT (
U/Cr/E
ABG
Upper git endoscopy
Liver biopsy ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฑูˆุด ููŠู‡ุง
(ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฏูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ liver cirrhosis )

ECG
ECHO
CXR
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจCHF )

ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช low gradient ๐Ÿ‘‡
Urine for RE
RFT
24 hr urine collection
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ nephrotic syndrome )

ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ investigations ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ DD
๐Ÿ‘1
#CVS
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Metalic click ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† S1 S2 ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ูŠ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุญุชุฒุจุทู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ุน ู„ุงู† ุจุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ midsternotomy scar๐Ÿ’ก

ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุณุฃู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†
~ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุงุจุน ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ูƒ investigations ุŸ
ุจุงู„ echo
~ุดู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠุดูƒูŠุดู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุŸ
1_Re-stenosis
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุตูŠุฑ early ุจุณุจุจ thrombosis ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ุงุด ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุนุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ Anticoagulant ุจุงุด ุงู†ู‚ุตูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง
ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชุฒุจุทู‡ุง ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุญ ุชุณู…ุน ู…ูŠุฑู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุตูˆุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒ mid diastolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ M ุŒ
Ejection systolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ A
ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ echo
2_Regurgitation
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ู† ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒูŠุดู†
ูˆ ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุฒุจุทู‡ุง ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุชุณู…ุน ู…ูŠุฑู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุตูˆุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒ
Pansystolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ M
Early diastolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ A
ูˆ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ echo

ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ murmur ุนุงู„ุงุบู„ุจ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† MR ุงูˆ AS
ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
1_ECG
2_Echo
3_Chest x ray
ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุณุฃู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ causes ุŸ
ูˆ ุฏูŠู…ุง ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆูˆู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ
MR / RF , IE
AS/ Calcific AS , RF
โค1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
#General

ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Bilateral lower limb edema

~ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_CHF
2_liver cirrhosis
3_Nephrotic syndrome, lupus nephritis
4_Hypothyroidism
5_Drugs SE ~ CCB

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Echo
โžก๏ธ( investigations for CHF )
CBC
ESR
ANA , Antids DNA
Urine for RE
24 hr urine collection for protinuria
RFT
Abdominal US
โžก๏ธ( Investigations for Nephrotic syndrome and lupus nephritis )
LFT
โžก๏ธ ( investigations for liver disease)
TFT
Free T4
โžก๏ธ ( investigations for hyothyrodisim )
โค1๐Ÿ‘1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
#Abdominal

~ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ Splenomegaly

~ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธMild Splenomegaly
1_Hematoloy causes/ PRV , ITP , Pernicious Anemia
2_ Infection/ IMN , SBE
3_ Autoimmune/ SlE
4_ Amylodosis
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธModerate Splenomegaly
1_Hematoloy causes/ Hemolytic anemia , Lymphomyloproliferatve dis
2_ Portal HTN
3_ Splenic vein thrombosis

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธMassive Splenomegaly
1_ Hematoloy causes/ CML , Myelofibrosis
2_ Infection/ Malaria, kalazar
3_ Metabolic/ Caucher disease

~ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Investigations ุŸ

CBC
ESR
CRP
Monospot test, Serology: hepatitis B/C
Peripheral blood film
Bone marrow biopsy
Vit B 12 level
ANA, Anti ds ,Rheumatoid facto
LDH , Heptoglobulin, Hb electrophoresis
LFT
U/Cr/E
Malaria blood film
Abdominal US
Abdominal CT
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
#General
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Generalized lymphadenopathy

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_Infection
Viral / IMN , EBV , HIV
Bacterial / TB , Syphilis
Protozoal / Toxoplasmosis
2_Malignancies
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
3_Autoimmune
SlE
RA
~ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Investigations ุŸ
CBC
ESR
CRP
Viral screen
Monospot test
Quantiferon test
Tuberculin skin test
Suputum examination, C/S
Throat swab and culture
Blood film
LN biopsy
Chest x ray
Abdominal US

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Cevical LN enlargment

~ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ

โฌ…๏ธูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ DDุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช tender ุจุชููƒุฑูŠ ููŠ infection
Dental carries
URTI / Tonsilitis , pharyngitis
LRTI / Pneumonia

ูู„ุงุฒู… ุถู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุจูŠ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ Throat .

โฌ…๏ธูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช not tender ูˆ hardุจุชููƒุฑูŠ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠ ููŠ malignancies
Lung ca
Esophageal ca
โค5
Forwarded from Doha Ali Rawaq
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡.

ู‡ุงุฏูˆ ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุช ู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ General examination ๐Ÿ‘‡
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ

ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฌุงูˆุจุชูˆุง ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ!
โค3
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ุดูŠุช ู…ุฌู…ุนุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุจุงู„ DD ูˆ ุงู„ Inv
ุดูˆููˆู‡ ุญูŠููŠุฏูƒู… ู‡ู„ุจุง ุจุงุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ
โค2