السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 🌸🌸

هذا شيت ملخص للهستوري ، كاتباته من ايامات كنت سنة خامسة، بنفس طريقة د. محمد شلوف و زايدة عليه شوية إضافات

كنت نبي نعدله اكثر ، لكن ما لقيتش وقت☹

ان شاء الله يفيدكم و لا تنسوني من صالح الدُعاء🤲

#OSCE
◽General
🔹️Hand examination

Q1_ What are the stages of clubbing?
1_ Stage 1/ +ve flactuation test
2_ Stage 2/ loss of normal angel b/w nail and nail fold
3_ Stage 3/ loss of window ( Sham Roths sing )
4_ Stage 4 / Drum stick
5_ Stage 5/ Hyperthrophic pulmonary osteoathropathy


Q2_What are the bedside tests for Clubbing ?
1_flactuation test
2_nail angels
3_widow sign

Q3_What are the hand features of Marfan syndrome?
1_ Wrist sign
2_ Thumb sign
3_ Arachnodactaly
4_ Joint flexity

Q4_What're the hand features of IE ?
1_ Splinter haemorrhage
2_ Osler nodules
3_ Janeway lesion
4_ Clubbing

Q5_What is the DD of yellow nail ?
1_Onychomycosis
2_ Chronic paronychia
3_ Pseudonymous infection
4_ Yellow nail syndrome ( Yellow nail + Branchiactasis + lymphedema)
5_Drugs ( Topical 5`flurouracil , tetracycline)

Q6_What're the hand deformities of RA ?
1_Swan neck defomity
2_ Boutonniere deformity
3_ Z deformity
4_ Radial deviations at wrist joint
5_ Alnar deviations at wrist joint

Q7_ What're the special tests of wrist examination?
1_Phalen test
2_ Tinel test

#OSCE
◽CVS
🔹️AS

Q1_ What're the BP changes could you see in pt with AS ?
➡️Low BP with narrow pulse pressure

Q2_What're the puse changes could you see in pt with AS ?
1_Slow volume ( pulsus parvus)
2_Slow Rising pulse (pulsus tardus)
3_Pulses bisferiens (AS+AR)

Q3_ What's the type of murmur and it's radiation in pt with AS?
➡️ Ejection systolic murmur radiates to the root of neck

Q4_ How to differentiate between AS radiation and Carotid a atherosclerosis?
➡️Phonoangiography

#OSCE
◽CVS
🔹️Apex beat

Q1_ Prescribe the normal apex beat site and character ?
1_lt 5th intercostal space midclvicular line
2_gentle non sustained

Q2_ Mention 2 manoeuvres in case of impalpable?
1_Turn pt to lt lateral position
2_palpate at Rt side

Q3_Mension 3 abnormal character?
1_ Forceful sustained / AS
2_ Forceful unsustained / AR , MR
3_ Tapping / MS
4_ Diffuse / DCM
5_ Double / HOCM

Q3_What valve is responsible for S1 , S2 ?
1_S1 / Closure of M
2_ S2 / Closure of A

Q4_ What signs you should look for in case with Dextrocardia ?
1_ Cyanosis
2_ Clubbing
3_During measuring the liver span ➡️The liver is at Lt side ( if Dextrocardia with situs inversus )

Q5_ Pt with ⬆️ JVP , LL edema , ascitis what could be the cause ?
Rt side heat failure

#OSCE
◽GIT
🔹️Ascitis

Q1_ What is the mechanism of ascitis in liver cirrhosis?
1_ ⬆️ Hydrostatic pressure
2_ ⬇️ Osmotic pressure ( Hypoalbumenia)
3_ ⬆️ Aldesterone ( renal Na+ retention)
4_ lymphatic obstruction

Q2_ What is the most common organism which cause SBP ?
E.choli

Q3_What are the causes of absent bowl sounds?
1_ Postsurgical paralytic ileus
2_ Peritonitis

Q4_ What is the cause of Hepatomegally + LLO + ⬆️ JVP?
RHF

#OSCE
⬜Respiratory
🔹️ Percussion note

Q1_ What are the types of percussion notes + DD ?
👇
1_ Resonace ➡️ Normal
2_ Hyper_resonance ➡️ Emphysema, Pneumothorax
3_ Dullness➡️ Collapse, Consolidation
4_ Stony dullness ➡️Massive Pl.Eff

Q2_ Where are the sites of normal dullness over the chest on percussion ?
👇
Percussion over soild structures
1_ Liver/ Upper level of liver dullness at Rt fifth inercostal space midclavicular line
2_ Heart / Dullness over the anterior chest

Q3_ What are the examination findings of pt with lt side lung collapse ?
👇
1_ ⬇️ Chest expansion at lt side of chest
2_ ⬇️ TVF at lt side of chest
3_ Pulled Trachea to lt side
4_ Dullness percussion note
5_ ⬇️ air enty at lt side

Q4_ لما نبي نفحص ال middle lobe
وين ندير ال percussion ؟
👇
Over the Rt Axilla

Q5_ Who to do chest expansion by percussion?
👇
Tidal percussion

Q6_ What is the type of percussion in pt with pl.eff ?
👇
Stony dullness.

#OSCE
⬜CNC
🔹️Cerebellum

Q1_ What is the definition of Apraxia ?
👇
Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is understood and there is a willingness to perform the movement.

Q2_ What are the types of apraxia ?
👇
1_ melokinetic (or limb‐kinetic)
2_ ideomotor apraxia
3_ ideational apraxia
4_ Conceptual apraxia
5_ Buccofacial apraxia
6_ Constructional apraxia
7_ Oculomotor apraxia
8_ Verbal apraxia


Q3_ How to examine constructional apraxia ?
⬇️
By writing words and numbers.