Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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#General
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ jaundice

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD of jaundice ุŸ

A_per_hepatic / Hemolysis
B_Hepatic / hepatitis , liver cirrhosis and its cases , malignancies
C_pos_thepatic / Stone , PBC , PSC , Cancer head of pancreas

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธper_hepatic
CBC
Blood film
LDH
Heptoglobulin
Bilirubin
ESR , ANA , Anti ds
( ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ acquired causes of hemolytic anemia )

ูˆ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ congenital causes
HB electrophoresis
Osmotic fragility test
G6P level

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธHepatic , post_hepatic
LFT
Abdominal US
MRCP
ERCP
๐Ÿ‘5โค2
#General
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ Signs of anemia
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ DD ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุนุŸ
โžก๏ธMicrocytic
1_ Iron deficiency anmia
2_ Thalassemia
3_ Sidroplastic anemia
4_ lead poisoning
5_ Anemia of chronic illness

โžก๏ธMacrocytic..
1_ Megaloplastic anemia
2_ Liver disease
3_ Alcholism
4_ Renal failure

โžก๏ธNormocytic..
1_ Anemia of chronic illness
2_ hemolytic anemia


~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ู†ุจุนุช
CBC
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช microcytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Iron study
Upper and lower git endoscopy
Stool analysis
Tumer markrs
CT scan Chest abdomen pelvis with contrast

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช macrocytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Folic acid level
Methylmalonic acid
B12 level
Peripheral blood film
LFT
UEC
TSH
Free T3, T4

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช Normocytic
ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ hemolytic
ู†ุจุนุช
Peripheral Blood film
LDH
Heptoglobulin
Bilirubin
ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุงูƒุฏู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ุงู‹ hemolytic
ู†ุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุจุงุด ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุณุจุจ๐Ÿ‘‡

ESR CRP ANA Antids...(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ acquired causes / eg :- SlE )

ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ congenital causes ู‡ูˆู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุฎุงุต ุจูŠู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ .
Osmotic fragility test
G6P level
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
๐Ÿ‘1
#General
**Rheumatology

ุจู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ Hand examination ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ DD ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
DD of small joint arthritis ๐Ÿ’ก

ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูƒู…ู„ ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ DD ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง
1_RA
2_SLE
3_Psoriatic arthritis
4_Osteoarthritis
5_ Gouty arthritis

~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉactive ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุŸ

Hx / joint pain ,morning stifness, joint swelling
Ex/ Tenderness , Hotness ,joint Swelling , Rhematoid nodules
Inx / CBC ,ESR ,CRP

ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุดู† ุดูˆูุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุŒ ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุฏุฑู†ุณ ูˆ ู‡ูˆุชู†ุณ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงูƒุชู .

~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigationsุŸ
CBC
ESR
CRP
RF
AntiCCP
ANA ,Antids
Joint aspiration
X,ray
#General
**Endocrine
ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง signs of hypo or hyperthyroidism

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Causes ุŸ

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช hypo
1_Autoimmune/ Hashimoto,s
2_Post_thyrodectomy or radiotherapy
3_Iodine deficiency
4_Drugs SE / lithium, Amiodarone

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช hyper
1_ Graves
2_ Multinodular goiter
3_ Single toxic nodule
4_ Thyroiditis

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ investigations ุŸ

TFT / Free T3 , T4 , TSH
Neck US
Antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
Anti TSH stimulating hormone antibodies
Anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies
#CNS
โžก๏ธMotor examination
ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠ UMNL

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD
1_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic )
MCC
2_Tumer
3_Trauma
4_Infection
5_Inflammation_MS

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Non contrast CT
MRI
ECG
ECHO
Carotid duplex
CBC
ESR___if high / ู†ุจุนุช ุญุชู‰ ANA , Antids
RBS , HBA1c
Lipid profile
Coagulation profile
LFT
RFT
CSF examination
Oligoclonal IgG
...........................
โžก๏ธCerebellar examination

ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุญ ุชูƒูˆู† signs of ataxia

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ

A_Congenital
1_spinocerebellar ataxia
2_freidreich ataxia
3_a beta lipoproteinemia
4_ataxic telagectasia
B_Acquired
1_Trauma
2_tumer
3_infection
4_Inflammation/ MS
5_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic)
6_Alcohol, phenyton toxicity
7_Autoimmune ( SCC , Celiac)
8_Hypothyroidism
9_Vit B deficiency _ especially B12

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡

Vit B 12 level
Blood film
TSH
Free T4


โžก๏ธ Crainal nerve examination

ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ูŠุจูŠูƒ ุงุฏูŠุฑู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุณ ูŠุจูŠ 7 ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ุงูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุณูƒุดู† ุนุงู„ุงุบู„ุจ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ facial nerve palsy ูˆ ุดู† ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of upper facial nerve palsy
1_ Trauma
2_ Tumer
3_ Infection
4_ Inflammation/ MS
5_ Vascular/ Stroke

ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ investigations ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุชุน ุงู„ UMNL


๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy (Unilateral )
1_ Bells palsy
2_ DM
3_ Post acoustic neuroma surgery
4_ Ramsy hunt syndrome
5_ OM
6_Parotid tumer

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy( Bilateral )
2L , 2 syndrome
1_ leprosy
2_ lyme disease
3_ fisherman syndrome (part of GBS)
4_ Heerfords syndrome (part of sarcidosis)
๐Ÿ‘2
#Respiratory
ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุชุฌูŠ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธRhonchi
~ูˆ ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_Asthma
2_COPD
3_Pneumonia
...ect
~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ุญูุธู†ุง ุณูŠู
ABG ,pusle oxymetry
CXR
PFT
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…๐Ÿ‘‡
Spirometry , peak flow meter
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุงุฒู…ุง )
HRCT
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู…ููŠุฒูŠู…ุง )
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture, urine culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูุฒุชูŠู‚ูŠุดู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ DD
..........................................................................
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธFine crepitation
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD
1_ILD
2_early pneumonia
3_pulmonary edema as complications of HF
~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ABG
PFT
CXR
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡
CBC
ESR , CRP
CTD screening / ANA , Antids
HRCT
BAl
Biopsy
( ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ ILD )
Echo
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ pulmonary edema )
Sputum culture , blood culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )
...........................................................................
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCourse crepitation
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ DD ุŸ
1_Bronchiactasis
2_chronic bronchitis
3_late pneumonia
~ ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ABG , pusle oxymetry
PFT
CXR
ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡
HRCT
Sputum microbiology
Serology
Sacharin test
Ig level
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ Bronchiactasis )
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุง )

ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจูŠุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ุŒ ู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ููŠุงู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุชูƒูˆู†๐Ÿ‘‡
Decreased air entry
Dullness at lower zones
Chest tube under water seal
~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD of dulness ุŸ
1_Pleural effusion
2_Collapse
3_Consolidation
~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ most likely Diagnosis ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ plural effusion.
~ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ causes ุŸ
โžก๏ธA_General
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver cell failure
โžก๏ธB_local
Pneumonia
TB
CTD / SLE , RA
Malignancies
Pulmonary infarction
~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
CXR
CT scan
US ู…ุฑุงุช ุชููŠุฏู†ูŠ ุจุณ
ABG , pulse oxymetry
Plurocentesis /ุจุงุด ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน exudative ุงูˆ transudative

ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงุด ู†ุฒุจุท ุงู„ cause ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† transudative
ุจู†ุจุนุช
ECG
Echo
Urine for RE
U/Cr/E
LFT
Abdominal US
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ exudative
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุจุชุจุนุช ุชุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุจุงุด ุชุณุชุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุจ
CBC
Sputum culture, blood culture
Quantiferon test
ESR , CRP
ANA , Anti ds
๐Ÿ‘2
#Abdominal
ู„ูˆ ูุฑุถุงู‹ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Abdominal distention

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุงู„ causes of abdominal distention ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„
5 F
ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ most likely ุจูŠูƒูˆู†( fluids )ascitis ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ุงุด ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุŒ ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑุฑูŠุณูˆู†ู†ุณ ูˆ ุจูˆุฒูŠุชู ุดูŠูุชูŠู†ู‚ ุฏุงู„ู†ุณ

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ DD of ascitis ุŸ

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธExudative
1_ Infection
2_ Malignancies

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธTransudative
1_ CHF
2_ Liver cirrhosis
3_ Nephrotic syndrome
4_ Hypothyroidism

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Abdominal US
Diagnostic paracentesis
Serum ascitis albumin gradient
ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน High gradient ู†ุจุนุช๐Ÿ‘‡

CBC
FBS
LFT ( AST , ALT , bilirubin , Albumin, PT , PTT (
U/Cr/E
ABG
Upper git endoscopy
Liver biopsy ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุฏุฑูˆุด ููŠู‡ุง
(ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฏูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ liver cirrhosis )

ECG
ECHO
CXR
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุจุจCHF )

ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช low gradient ๐Ÿ‘‡
Urine for RE
RFT
24 hr urine collection
(ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑ nephrotic syndrome )

ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ investigations ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ DD
#CVS
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ Metalic click ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† S1 S2 ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ูŠ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุญุชุฒุจุทู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง ุชุณู…ุน ู„ุงู† ุจุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ midsternotomy scar๐Ÿ’ก

ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุณุฃู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ูŠู†
~ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุงุจุน ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ูƒ investigations ุŸ
ุจุงู„ echo
~ุดู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠุดูƒูŠุดู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุŸ
1_Re-stenosis
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุตูŠุฑ early ุจุณุจุจ thrombosis ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ุงุด ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุนุทูˆุง ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ Anticoagulant ุจุงุด ุงู†ู‚ุตูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง
ูˆ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชุฒุจุทู‡ุง ุŸ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุญ ุชุณู…ุน ู…ูŠุฑู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุตูˆุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒ mid diastolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ M ุŒ
Ejection systolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ A
ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ echo
2_Regurgitation
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ู† ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒูŠุดู†
ูˆ ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุฒุจุทู‡ุง ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ
ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุงูƒุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุชุณู…ุน ู…ูŠุฑู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุตูˆุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠูƒ
Pansystolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ M
Early diastolic murmur ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุตู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ A
ูˆ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ echo

ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ murmur ุนุงู„ุงุบู„ุจ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† MR ุงูˆ AS
ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
1_ECG
2_Echo
3_Chest x ray
ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠุณุฃู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ causes ุŸ
ูˆ ุฏูŠู…ุง ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆูˆู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ
MR / RF , IE , IHD , MVP
AS/ Calcific AS , RF
Channel name was changed to ยซInternal Medicine By Dohaยป
ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฌุช ู„ู„ู‚ุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ููŠ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ OSCE

What are the bedside tests for Clubbing ?
1_flactuation test
2_nail angels
3_widow sign

What are the hand features of Marfan syndrome?
1_ Wrist sign
2_ Thumb sign
3_ Arachnodactaly
4_ Joint flexity
๐Ÿ‘1