Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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ุดุฑุญ ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ๐Ÿ’ก

1_Limb-kinetic apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to use a finger, arm, or leg to make precise and coordinated movements. Although people with limb-kinetic apraxia may understand how to use a tool, such as a screwdriver, and may have used it in the past, they are now unable to carry out the same movement.
ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ูˆ ูŠุตูƒุฑ .

2_Ideomotor apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to follow a verbal command to copy the movements of others or follow suggestions for movements.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ุญุฑูƒุฉ.

3_Conceptual apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
similar to ideomotor apraxia. Pt is also unable to perform tasks that involve more than one step.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช .

4_Ideational apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to plan a particular movement. They may find it hard to follow a sequence of movements, such as getting dressed or bathing.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู„ุจุณ ู…ู„ุงุจุณู‡

5_Buccofacial apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to make movements with the face and lips on command.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุฌู‡ู‡

6_Constructional apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt is unable to copy, draw, or construct basic diagrams or figures.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู„ุฏ ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ูŠูƒุชุจ ุญุฑู

7_Oculomotor apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt have difficulty making eye movements on command.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡

8_Verbal apraxia
๐Ÿ‘‡
Pt find it challenging to make the movements necessary for speech. They may have problems producing sounds and understanding rhythms of speech.
ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ูŠู… ุŒ ููŠุจุฏุง ุตูˆุชู‡ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆ ูƒู„ุงู…ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู….
Channel name was changed to ยซInternal Medicine By Doha๐Ÿซ€๐Ÿซ๐Ÿง ยป
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡.โค

ู†ุตุงุฆุญ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุณู† ูˆ ู‚ุฑุงูŠุชู‡ุง
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนุงู„ physiology/ pathology basic
ุจุณ ุชุจูŠ ุตุจุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุฑุงูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุตููˆู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑโœŒ

โ—ฝุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ูƒู„ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฏ.ุณูŠู ุธุฑูŠู ุดูŠุชุงุช ูˆ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุช ุงู„ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ููƒุดูˆุณ ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฏ.ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑูˆุคู

ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ุญู„ูŠุช ุชุฌู…ูŠุนุฉ1001 ูุงุฏุชู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ุจุง ู‡ู„ุจุง ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ุดุงุจุชุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑุงู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุŒ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุฆู„ุฉ ู„ุงู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุชุจูŠุช ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงุณู…ู‡ู… Data ู„ ุฏ.ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุคูˆู ุญุชู‰ ู‡ู…ุง ุดูˆููˆู‡ู… ูŠููŠุฏูˆูƒู… ู‡ู„ุจุง ููŠ ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุจุฑ.

โ—ฝุงู„ุฏูŠุฑู…ุง ๐Ÿ‘‡
ู…ู† ุฏ.ู…ุญุณู† ุดูŠุช ูˆ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุช ูˆ PDF ูˆ ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุช ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑูŠู… ุจุฑูŠูˆู†

โ—ฝุงู„ุงูˆุฑุงู„
๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ”น๏ธECG ูˆ X.ray emergency
ู…ู† ุฏ.ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุคูˆู ุดูŠุช ูˆ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุช
๐Ÿ”น๏ธinstruments
ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ ู…ู† ุดูŠุช ุฏ.ู…ุญุณู†

(ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุฑุงู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฏ.ู…ุตุนุจ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ูˆ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ูˆ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ )

โ—ฝExamination
๐Ÿ‘‡
ุดูŠุช ุฏ.ุณูŠู ู…ุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุตุงุฑ ู…ุชุน ุฏ.ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑูˆุคู ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู…ุดูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุจุงุด ุชุดูˆููˆุง ูˆ ุชุณู…ุนูˆุง ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู‚ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ cardio / respiratory/ neuro ๐Ÿง

ูˆ ุงู‚ุฑูˆู‡ ุฒูŠ ุชูˆุง ุŒ ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุดูŠุช ุงู„ cardio ุงู‚ุฑุง ุจุนุฏู‡ CVS examination ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุจุงุด ุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ๐Ÿ‘Œ
ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู„ูƒู… ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูŠููŠุฏูƒู… ูˆ ุงู„ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุงุบู„ุจู‡ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุญุถุฑูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุน ูƒูˆูŠุณุงุช ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡

โ—ฝHistory
๐Ÿ‘‡
ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุช ุฏ.ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุดู„ูˆู ุงุจุฏุงุน ูˆ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุญ
ุญู„ูˆุฉ ูˆ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ู…ุด ูƒุงุชุจู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุดูŠุช ุฏ.ู…ุญุณู† ูˆ ุดูŠุช ุฏ.ุณูŠู ุธุฑูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงุชุจุงุชู‡ ุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ุฏูุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุณุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„

ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุณุชูุฐุชูˆุง ู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ูˆ ุฑุจูŠ ูŠูˆูู‚ูƒู… ูˆ ูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹.๐ŸŒธ
โค7๐Ÿ‘1
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุฏุณุงูŠุฏุŒ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุญุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ โฌ‡๏ธ
โ—ฝCVS
ุฏ.ุงุณุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจู‡ูŠู„ูŠู„
ุฏ.ู…ุญู…ุฏ ู†ุนู…ุงู†
ุฏ.ุฑุถุง ุจู† ูุถู„
ุฏ.ุญุงุชู… ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡
ุฏ.ุงูŠู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฑุจุงุทูŠ
ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุง ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
โ—ฝRespiratory
ุฏ.ุจุงุณูŠู…ุฉ
ุฏ.ุงู„ุฑูŠุงู†ูŠ
ุฏ.ู…ุญูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†
ุฏ.ู†ุนูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠ
โ—ฝ GIT
ุฏ.ุณุงู„ู…ุฉ
ุฏ.ู†ุฌูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุณุนูˆุฏ
(ุฏ. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆู…ูŠ ูˆ ุฏ.ุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ )
โ—ฝCNS
ุฏ.ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุงุฑูˆู†ูŠ
ุฏ.ูุงุทู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุนู…ูŠ
ุฏ.ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุนุจูˆุฏ
โ—ฝNephro
ุฏ.ุงู„ู…ุจุฑูˆูƒ
โ—ฝHematoloy ุŒ onchology
ุฏ.ุนู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฏูˆูƒุงู„ูŠ
ุฏ.ู…ู†ู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠู†
ุฏ.ู…ู†ุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ุจุงุด
ุฏ.ุนุซู…ุงู† ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู†
โ—ฝEndocrine
ุฏ.ุฒุนูŠู…ุฉ
โ—ฝRheumatology
ุฏ.ุจุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุจุงุด
ุฏ.ุฑุฌุจ ุชุงุฑุณูŠู†.
โ—ฝInfections
ุฏ.ู†ุงุฏุฑ ุดู„ุงูƒุฉ.
๐Ÿ‘3๐Ÿ‘2โค1
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
How to study internal medicine
By/ Doha Ali Rawaq
https://t.me/internal_medicine_Dr_Doha
โค1๐Ÿ”ฅ1
ุดูˆููˆู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุŒ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠููŠุฏูƒู… ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ๐Ÿคฒ
ูˆ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ู„ูŠุง , ููŠ ู…ุดูˆุงุฑ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุฎุฑุฌ๐Ÿ˜ฅ
โค2
#OSCE
โ—ฝCNS
๐Ÿ”น๏ธUMNL , LMNL

๐Ÿ”ดูƒูŠู ู†ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„tone and reflex in pt with UMNL ุŸ
1_ Hypertonia ( Rigidity or spastisity )
2_ Hyperflexia

๐Ÿ”ดุดู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ Superficial reflexes ุงู„ูŠ ุชุนุฑูู‡ู… ุŸ
1_ Planter reflex
2_ Hoffaman reflex
3_ Corneal reflex
4_ Abdominal reflex
5_ Cremstric reflex
6_ Anal reflexe

๐Ÿ”ดู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงู†ุชุฑ ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจูˆู†ุณ ู ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขุจุฑู…ูˆุชุฑ ุŸ
Babinski sign / Dorsiflextion of big toe + Fanning of other toes .

๐Ÿ”ด ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุงู„ูƒ ุดู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆุง ุจุงุด ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ุขุจุฑ ู…ูˆุชุฑ ุŸ
Ankle Clonus

๐Ÿ”ดุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ูˆ ูˆูŠู† ุชุดูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆู†ุณ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒู„ ุŸ
Pattellary Clonus

๐Ÿ”ด What're the DD of hypotonia , hyporflexia ?
1_ LMNL๐Ÿ‘‡
#DD of LMNL
Truma
Poliomyelitis
ALS
Spinal artery thrombosis
2_ Cerebellar lesion

๐Ÿ”ด Where's the lesion if u find pt with fasiculation ?
LMNL
ูŠุง ุงู…ุง AHC ูˆ ู„ุง Spinal nerve
ูˆ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง Brain stem nucli ูˆ ู„ุง cranial nerves.
๐Ÿ‘1
ุงู‚ุฑูˆุง ูˆ ูƒุงูุญูˆุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ๐Ÿ’œ๐Ÿ’ช
โค9๐Ÿ”ฅ6๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1
ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ุชูุงุคู„๐Ÿ’Œ

ุซู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ ๐Ÿ˜€

ุฃู† ุฑุฒู‚ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
ุฃูุถู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุฒุงู‚ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ โค

ูู…ุง ุงุจุทู‰ ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ ุฅู„ุง ุจู…ุง
ูŠุญู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุฏ ูˆูƒุฑู… ๐Ÿค—

ูู„ุง ุชูŠุฃุณ ูˆุงู†ุชุธุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆุชูุงุฆู„ ๐Ÿ˜
โค5
#ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช_ุชุณุงุนุฏ_ููŠ_ุงู„ุญูุธ ๐Ÿ’ก

๐Ÿ”ด~ Drugs that cause lung fibrosis~
( BBC every MANS go )
B- Bleomycin
B- Busalphan
C- Cyclophosphamide / Cephalosporin
M- Methotrexate
A- Amiodarone
N- Nitrofuranton
S- Sulfasalazine
(ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฏุณุงูŠุฏ )
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุญุทุชุด ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ GP๐Ÿค” ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ Gold ูˆุงู„ pencillamine ๐Ÿ˜...
๐Ÿ”ด~ Drugs that cause vit B9 deficiency ~
( MAP )
M- Methotrexate/ Metformin
A- Azathioprine
P- phenytoin/ pyrimethamine

๐Ÿ”ด~ Drugs that cause polyneuropathy ~
( SHIP GAME CC-TV )
S- Statin
H- Hydralazine
I- Izoniazide
P- Phyentoin
G- Gold
A- Amiodarone
M- Metronidazol
E- Etambutol
C- Cyclophosphamide
C- Cisplastin
T- Talidomide
V- Vincrestin

๐Ÿ”ด~ drugs that cause sidroplastic anaemia ~
( ALI)
A- Alcohol
L- Lead
I- Isoniazide

๐Ÿ”ด~ poor prognosis HL ~
( HALW SAM )
H- HB <10
A- Albumin <40
L- leukopenia
W- WBC >15ร—10^3
S- Stage 4
A- Age >45
M- Male gender

๐Ÿ”ด~ poor prognosis NHL ~
( BAD LM )
B- B2 microglobulin
A- Age >65
D- coexcit Disease
L- LDH
M- Metstisis

๐Ÿ”ด~ poor prognosis multiple myeloma ~
( ABCH )
A-albumin
B- B2microglobulin
C- creatinine
H- HB

๐Ÿ”ด~ Drugs which have no effect on mortality and morality ( Doesn't improve the prognosis ) in pt with IHD
(CMN)
C- CCB
M- Morphine
N- Nitrates

๐Ÿ”ด~ Drugs which have no effect on mortality and morality ( Doesn't improve the prognosis) in pt with HF
( DD )
D- Diuretics
D- Digoxin
โค2๐Ÿฅฐ2
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฏููุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจุฉ

ุฃุนู„ู† ุนู† ูุชุญ ูƒูˆุฑุณ Clinical examination ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุดุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ General examination
ุจุญูŠุช ู†ุบุทูˆุง ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ููŠ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฑุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง
Anemia / Jundice/ โฌ†๏ธ JVP / lymphadenopathy/ Bilateral llO / Thyroid examination/ Rheumatoid hand examination

2_ Cardiovascular examination
3_ Respiratory examination
4_ Abdominal examination
5_ CNS examination /
Motor examination, Sensory examination, Cranial nerves examination , How to examine the coordination, How to examine pt with parkinson , How to examine the mental status .


ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† /ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ (ุงู„ุทุจูŠ)๐Ÿฅ

ู„ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ูˆ ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุชูˆุงุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠ ุนุงู„ุฎุงุต @Doha_Rawaq .

ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ โœŒ

ุฏ.ุถุญู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูˆุงู‚.
https://t.me/internal_medicine_Dr_Doha.
๐Ÿ”ฅ3โค1
๐Ÿ”ด#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular / ุฏ.ู…ุญู…ุฏู†ุนู…ุงู†
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠูƒู… ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ููŠ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ OSCE

Q1_ What are the types of pacemaker ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Temporary (External)
2_ Permenant (Internal )

Q2_ What are the indication of pacemaker?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Heart block
2_ very slow heart rate ( Sever Bradycardia)
โžก๏ธSinus sick syndrome
โžก๏ธDigoxin, BB toxicity ๐Ÿ‘‡
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… AF ู„ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุนุงู„ุฌูˆุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู ูƒ S/E ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎุดูˆุง ููŠ
Sever Bradycardia .

Q3_ What is the specific sign for lt ventricular failure?
๐Ÿ‘‡
โžก๏ธS3 gallop

Q4_What are the characteristic clinical sings found in pt with TR ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Epigastric pulsation
2_ โฌ†๏ธ JVP
๐Ÿ”ฅ2โค1
๐Ÿ”ด#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular / ุฏ.ุฃุณุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจู‡ูŠู„ูŠู„

Q1_ What is the mechanism of PND and why it occurs at night ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ โฌ†๏ธ venous return / Flat position
2_ โฌ‡๏ธ sympathetic/ Broncho-construction + โฌ‡๏ธ contractility of heart

Q2_ What are the uses of Slidinifine (Vigra)?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Pulmonary HTN
2_ Erectile dysfunction

Q3_ What is the mechanism of action of Slidenifine ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Vasodilatation
2_ โฌ†๏ธ NO (Nitrous Oxide)

Q4_ What are the causes of Pulmonary HTN ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Lt side HG
2_ Chronic lung disease (Hypoxia)
3_ CTD / SLE
4_ Portal HTN ( porto_pulmonary HTN which occurs in sever advanced liver cirrhosis )
5_ Idiopathic
6_ Congenital

Q5_ What is the age of sudden death ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
Male / 45
Female / 50

Q6_What are the cardiopulmonary diseases which are absolutely C/I for pregnancy?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Sever AS
2_ HOCM
3_ Pulmonary HTN

Q7_ ุนู„ุงุด ู†ุดูˆููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„
central cyanosis
ููŠ ุงู„ Tongue ุŸ
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ High and rich in vasculature
2_ No sympathetic nerve supply
3_ internal organ / ู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถุด ู„ู„ุตู‚ุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตุจุน
๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿฅฐ1
โค1
Central and peripheral cyanosis.
๐Ÿ”ฅ1
๐Ÿ”ด#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular/ ุฏ.ุฑุถุง ุจู† ูุถู„

Q1_ What is the DD of visible pulsation at suprasternal notch ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Thoracic aortic aneurysm
2_ Hyperdynamic circulation
3_ Normal ( Thin person )

Q2_ What is the DD of visible pulsation at Epigastric area ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Abnormal aortic aneurysm
2_ Rt ventricular dilatation
3_ Pulsatile liver ( Due to TR )
4_ Normal (Thin person )

Q3_ What are the causes of displaced apex in pt with MS ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ lt ventricule ูŠูƒูˆู† normal size
ูุงู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุงู…ุง
1_ Rt ventricular dilatation
ูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชุตูŠุฑ late ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ Backwards symptoms on the lung then on the Rt side of the heart
2_ Presence of other pathology / Congenital heart disease

Q4_ What are the causes of Acute MR ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Acute MI
2_ Endocarditis
3_ Sever chest truma

Q5_ What are the DD of Kussmal sign ?
๐Ÿ‘‡
1_ Constictive pericardaitis
2_ Cardiac temponade
3_ Restrictive cardiomyopathy
๐Ÿ‘3โค2
ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ