🔴#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular / د.محمدنعمان
ممكن تجيكم أسئلة في لجنة ال OSCE

Q1_ What are the types of pacemaker ?
👇
1_ Temporary (External)
2_ Permenant (Internal )

Q2_ What are the indication of pacemaker?
👇
1_ Heart block
2_ very slow heart rate ( Sever Bradycardia)
➡️Sinus sick syndrome
➡️Digoxin, BB toxicity 👇
طبعاً هادي تصير في البيشنت اللي عندهم AF لانهم يتعالجوا بالأدوية هادي ف ك S/E ليها ممكن يخشوا في
Sever Bradycardia .

Q3_ What is the specific sign for lt ventricular failure?
👇
➡️S3 gallop

Q4_What are the characteristic clinical sings found in pt with TR ?
👇
1_ Epigastric pulsation
2_ ⬆️ JVP

🔴#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular / د.أسامة البهيليل

Q1_ What is the mechanism of PND and why it occurs at night ?
👇
1_ ⬆️ venous return / Flat position
2_ ⬇️ sympathetic/ Broncho-construction + ⬇️ contractility of heart

Q2_ What are the uses of Slidinifine (Vigra)?
👇
1_ Pulmonary HTN
2_ Erectile dysfunction

Q3_ What is the mechanism of action of Slidenifine ?
👇
1_ Vasodilatation
2_ ⬆️ NO (Nitrous Oxide)

Q4_ What are the causes of Pulmonary HTN ?
👇
1_ Lt side HG
2_ Chronic lung disease (Hypoxia)
3_ CTD / SLE
4_ Portal HTN ( porto_pulmonary HTN which occurs in sever advanced liver cirrhosis )
5_ Idiopathic
6_ Congenital

Q5_ What is the age of sudden death ?
👇
Male / 45
Female / 50

Q6_What are the cardiopulmonary diseases which are absolutely C/I for pregnancy?
👇
1_ Sever AS
2_ HOCM
3_ Pulmonary HTN

Q7_ علاش نشوفوا في ال
central cyanosis
في ال Tongue ؟
👇
1_ High and rich in vasculature
2_ No sympathetic nerve supply
3_ internal organ / ما يتعرضش للصقع زي الصبع

🔴#Bedside_Notes
#Cardiovascular/ د.رضا بن فضل

Q1_ What is the DD of visible pulsation at suprasternal notch ?
👇
1_ Thoracic aortic aneurysm
2_ Hyperdynamic circulation
3_ Normal ( Thin person )

Q2_ What is the DD of visible pulsation at Epigastric area ?
👇
1_ Abnormal aortic aneurysm
2_ Rt ventricular dilatation
3_ Pulsatile liver ( Due to TR )
4_ Normal (Thin person )

Q3_ What are the causes of displaced apex in pt with MS ?
👇
طبعاً في الحالة هادي مفروض lt ventricule يكون normal size
فالاسباب حتكون يا اما
1_ Rt ventricular dilatation
و هادي تصير late بسبب ال Backwards symptoms on the lung then on the Rt side of the heart
2_ Presence of other pathology / Congenital heart disease

Q4_ What are the causes of Acute MR ?
👇
1_ Acute MI
2_ Endocarditis
3_ Sever chest truma

Q5_ What are the DD of Kussmal sign ?
👇
1_ Constictive pericardaitis
2_ Cardiac temponade
3_ Restrictive cardiomyopathy

#Cardiology_Notes💭

Q1_What is the DD of ejection systolic murmer at 1st aortic area ?
👇
1_AS
2_Aortic sclerosis
3_Hyperdynamic circulation

كيف تفرقوا بينهم ؟
➡️Murmur of AS radiates to the root of neck + associated with slow volume pulse

➡️Murmur of Aortic sclerosis has no radiation + associated with normal pulse

➡️Murmur of hyperdynamic circulation has no radiation + associated with large volume pulse and +ve collapsing pulse

#Cardiology_Notes💭

ال murmer اللي تحسوا معاه trill هو فقط ال Systolic murmer .

#Cardiology_Notes 💭

⚀Drugs which doesn't improve the prognosis in pt with HF (Doesn't ⬇️ Mortality and Morbidity)

احفظوهم بإختصار DD 📝💡💬

Diuretics (Except Spironolactone)
Digitalis

مهمات جداً و لازم يجي منهم سؤال في البيبر.

#Cardiology_Notes 💭

⚀Drugs which doesn't improve the prognosis in pt with MI (Doesn't ⬇️ Mortality and Morbidity)

احفظوهم بإختصار CMN 📝💡💬

CCB
Morphine
Nitrates

حتى هما مهمات هلبا و يتكرروا في اسئلة البيبر.

#Cardiology_Notes 💭

◽Splitting of S2

الطبيعي لما تسمع S2 يكون فيه Normal Splitting و اللي هو انك تسمع ال A closure قبل ال P closure

علاش ؟؟

لان lt ventricle more thicker than Rt venticule ف ح ينقبض أسرع و يتسكر ال A valve قبل ال P valve

و فيه مجموعة abnormality يصيروا لل Splitting منها 👇

⚀Prolonged (Wide) Splitting

و هادي تصير لما تبدا فيه مشكلة في ال Rt side of the heart
يعني هو من الأساس ينقبض بعد ال lt
و يدير splitting لا بال صاير فيه مشكلة ف حيزيد يتأخر و تطول مرحلة ال Splitting.
E.g
👇
1_pulmonic stenosis
2_ right bundle branch block


⚀Revese splitting

من اسمها يعني صاير العكس، بمعني تاني ال P valve هو اللي يتسكر قبل ال A valve و هادي تصير لما فيه مشكلة في ال Lt side of the heart

E.g
👇
1_Aortic stenosis
2_left bundle branch block (LBBB)


ملاحظة:- M , T valve lesions ما يهموكمش ، لانهم مسؤولين على S1.