Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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#Bedside_Notes
CNS /. ุฏ.ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุนุจูˆุฏ

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธHow to test for congugate eye movement?
๐Ÿ‘‡
ุชุญุท ุงูŠุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฒูˆุฒ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู†ุต ู…ุชุฑ
ุจุญูŠุซ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ๐Ÿ– ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉโœŠ

ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุดูˆู ู„ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ๐Ÿ– ุŒ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุดูˆู ู„ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒุฑุฉ โœŠ

ูˆ ุชุฑุงู‚ุจ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู… ุงูˆ ู„ุง.
โค2
How to examine pt with parkinson ๐Ÿ‘‡

โ—ฝ ุชุจุฏุง ุจุงู„Face. ๐Ÿง‘

1_ ุงุฏูŠุฑู„ู‡ test for eye movement ๐Ÿ‘€
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ูŠุจุฏุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… impaired eye movement ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ up gaze ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ Bradykynesia )

2_ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุจุชุณู… ๐Ÿ˜ƒ
โฌ…๏ธ (ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ Mask face ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ bradykynesia )

3_ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ( ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ) ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุตูˆุช ูˆุงุชูŠ๐Ÿ—ฃ
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู„ูŠ ูˆ ูŠูˆุทูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู…ุชุนู‡ monotonous speech ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ Bradykynesia )

โ—ฝุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ Hand ๐Ÿ‘

1_ ุชุดูˆู ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Tremor ุงูˆ ู„ุง
โฌ…๏ธ(ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ูŠุจุฏุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ Resting or static tremor )

2_ ุชุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠูƒุชุจ ๐Ÿ“
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡parkinson ุงู„ุฎุท ู…ุชุนู‡ ูŠุจุฏุง ุตุบูŠุฑ Microgaphia )

3_ ุงุฏูŠุฑ test for ms tone
โฌ…๏ธ ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hypertonia / Rigidity )

โ—ฝ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ lower limb

1_ ุงุฏูŠุฑ Test for ms tone
โฌ…๏ธ ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hypertonia / Rigidity )

2_ ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠู…ุดูŠ assess the gait ุŒ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุŒ ูŠุชู„ูุช ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู‚ู .๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ
โฌ…๏ธ (pt with parkinson have Shuffling gait , difficult to start , difficult to stop , difficult to turns around / Due to Bradykynesia )
โค3
#CNS๐Ÿง 
#bedside_notes๐Ÿ“
ุฏ.ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุงุฑูˆู†ูŠ

How to examine mental status of pt ?

ุดู†ูˆ ุฅุณู…ูƒุŸ
ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชูˆุง ( ุตุจุญ ุŒ ุนุดูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ูŠู„ ) ุŸ
ูˆูŠู† ุงู†ุช ุชูˆุง ุŸ
**ูุฑุถุงู‹ ุนุฑู ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŒ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ุนู„ุงุด ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŸ
ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŸ
**ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุงู‡ Relative ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุŸ
**(ูุฑุถุงู‹ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ) ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ูˆู„ุฏูƒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุŒ ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ูƒู… ุŸ!
ุชูˆุฑูŠู‡ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชู„ูŠููˆู† ูˆ ู„ุง ุจูŠุฑูˆ ูˆ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุดู†ูˆ ุŸ
ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุนุฏ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ (ุนุดุฑุฉ / ุชุณุนุฉ .....)
ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ (ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุนู…ูŠ ู…ู„ุญู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฑุฉ ุŸ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช )
NB:- 1st 3 Questions to assess the orientation for time , place and person .

ุจุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ .๐Ÿ’™๐Ÿ’œ
โค3
Bells palsy
โค1
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ Most common cause of 2ry causes is Metabolic ๐Ÿ’ก
โค4
๐Ÿ“Mental status exam
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ MCQs ุฏูŠู…ุง ูŠุจูˆุง ุงู„ exception.
๐Ÿ“Dx of Muliple sclerosis (MS)

MS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings and supporting evidence from ancillary tests

โœ…๏ธMagnetic resonance imaging: The imaging procedure of choice for confirming MS monitoring disease progression in the CNS
Showing hyperintensity on T2-weighted images.
typical locations for MS lesions include the periventricular white matter, brainstem

โœ…๏ธVisual Evoked potentials: Used to identify subclinical lesions; results are not specific for MS

โœ…๏ธLumber puncture:
evaluated for oligoclonal bands and intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) production.

ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ oligomonoclonal antibiotics ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู‡ู„ุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ MCQs ๐Ÿฉบ
โค5
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ Clinical Medical Examination courseุŒ ุฎุฏูŠุช ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุณุฌู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠ 4 ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ 5 ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ูƒู„ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุญู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ูˆ ูŠุดูˆู ูˆ ูŠุณู…ุน findingsโ€ฆยป
๐Ÿ“Dx of GBS

GBS is generally diagnosed on clinical grounds
+
โœ…๏ธCerebrospinal fluid studies
โžก๏ธshowed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level (>400 mg/L)

โœ…๏ธNeedle EMG and nerve conduction studies
Showings sings of demyelination

โœ…๏ธPFT
Restrictive pattern, RF type 2

โœ…๏ธInvestigations to exclude other DD
Electrolyte levels
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
โค5
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐ŸฉบMost common causes of pancreatitis in UK are

๐Ÿ“Gallstones
๐Ÿ“Alcohol
โค4
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
โ‡๏ธCRP is now widely used marker of severity in acute pancreatitis.
โค1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู‡ู„ุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ MCQ๐Ÿ“

ุฏูŠู…ุง ุงู„ exception ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆุง Lipase ุงูˆ Amylase ูˆ ู‡ู…ุง ู…ุง ู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุฑุงูŠุชูŠุฑูŠุง.
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐ŸฉบDx of acute pancreatitis

โ‡๏ธTo confirm the DX
โžก๏ธpancreatic enzymes
Lipase more specific than Amylase ุฑูƒุฒูˆูˆูˆุง ๐Ÿ’ข

โ‡๏ธTo assess the severity
โžก๏ธHCT
โžก๏ธWBC
โžก๏ธBUN
โžก๏ธCRP

โ‡๏ธImaging
โžก๏ธAbd US
๐Ÿ“Initial test ุฑูƒุฒูˆูˆูˆูˆุง๐Ÿ’ข
ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุจูŠู‡ุง edematous pancrease ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุดุงู ุจูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ gallstones ุงูˆ dilatation of biliary tract ูˆ ู‡ูƒูŠ ู†ูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆ ู†ุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ู†ุงูƒุฏูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุจูˆุง ุนุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช MRCP

โžก๏ธCT with contrast
Not routinly indicated, only in Dx is in doubt ุฑูƒุฒูˆูˆูˆุง ๐Ÿ’ข.
โค1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐Ÿ’ Barrettโ€™s esophagus.
โœ…Dx:
1๏ธโƒฃThe appearance of the esophageal lining (salmon pink color compared to normal white color).
2๏ธโƒฃThe salmon-pink area has specialized intestinal metaplasia.
3๏ธโƒฃThe white area is squamous epithelium.
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Barium swallow showed corkscrew appearance of the distal esophagus denoting #sever_esophagal_spasm๐Ÿ“
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐ŸŸชKey points ๐Ÿ“
#Gastroenterology

Jundice + newly diagnosed DM = Hemochromatosis

Jundice + abnormal movement = Wilsone disease

Jundice + itching = PBC

Jundice + H/O UC = PSC

Jundice + fever + RUQ pain = Ascending cholngitis

H/O DM + HTN + smoking + H/O post prandial abdominal pain = Mesenteric ischemia

Multiple ulcers + diarrhea = Zolinger syndrome
โค1๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1