๐Causes of pulmonary edema
๐ฅCardiogenic
Acute HF
๐ฅNoncardiogenic
๐ต Drowning
๐ต Acute glomerulonephritis
๐ต Fluid overload
๐ต Aspiration
๐ต Inhalation injury
๐ต Opioid overdose
๐ต Salicylate toxicity
๐ต Neurogenic pulmonary edema
๐ต Allergic reaction
๐ต Adult respiratory distress syndrome
๐ฅCardiogenic
Acute HF
๐ฅNoncardiogenic
๐ต Drowning
๐ต Acute glomerulonephritis
๐ต Fluid overload
๐ต Aspiration
๐ต Inhalation injury
๐ต Opioid overdose
๐ต Salicylate toxicity
๐ต Neurogenic pulmonary edema
๐ต Allergic reaction
๐ต Adult respiratory distress syndrome
๐4โค2
๐Pneumonia
There are 2 types of pneumonia:
๐community-acquired pneumonia ๐ hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia.
Community-acquired pneumonia are either typical or atypical, and occurs in community or within the first 72 hours of hospitalization.
Typical community-acquired pneumonia presents with acute onset of shaking chills then fever, productive cough with thick purulent sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea. Signs are tachypnea, tachycardia, and pleural friction rub (if pleural effusion). Chest X rays shows lobar or multilobar consolidation.
Atypical community-acquired pneumonia presents with insidious onset of headache, sore throat, fatigue, myalgia, fever (chills are uncommon), and dry cough (no sputum production). Signs include fever with relative bradycardia. Chest X ray shows diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates with absent or minimal consolidation.
Nosocomial pneumonia occurs during hospitalization after the first 73 hours.
The most common pathogens of typical community-acquired pneumonia are strept. pneumoniae, hemophilus influenza, klebsiella and other enterobacteriaceae, and staph. aureus.
The most common pathogens of atypical community-acquired pneumonia are mycoplasma, chlamydia, coxiella, legionella, and viral pneumonia.
The most common bacterial pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia are escherichia coli, pseudomonas, and staph. aureus.
Studies have shown that if vital signs are entirely normal, the probability of pneumonia in outpatients is less than 1%.
Atypical pneumonia refers to organisms not visible on Gram stain and not culturable on standard blood agar.
Upper respiratory infection is more likely than lower respiratory infection if nasal discharge, sore throat, or ear pain predominates.
After treatment, changes evident on CXR usually lag behind the clinical response (up to 6 weeks).
False-negative chest radiographs occur with neutropenia, dehydration, infection with pneumocystis carinii, and early disease (less than 24 hours).
Legionella pneumonia is common in organ transplant recipients, patients with renal failure, patients with chronic lung disease, and smokers; presents with GI symptoms and hyponatremia. Urinary antigen assay for legionella is very sensitive, and the antigen persists in urine for weeks even after starting the treatment.
There are 2 types of pneumonia:
๐community-acquired pneumonia ๐ hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia.
Community-acquired pneumonia are either typical or atypical, and occurs in community or within the first 72 hours of hospitalization.
Typical community-acquired pneumonia presents with acute onset of shaking chills then fever, productive cough with thick purulent sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea. Signs are tachypnea, tachycardia, and pleural friction rub (if pleural effusion). Chest X rays shows lobar or multilobar consolidation.
Atypical community-acquired pneumonia presents with insidious onset of headache, sore throat, fatigue, myalgia, fever (chills are uncommon), and dry cough (no sputum production). Signs include fever with relative bradycardia. Chest X ray shows diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates with absent or minimal consolidation.
Nosocomial pneumonia occurs during hospitalization after the first 73 hours.
The most common pathogens of typical community-acquired pneumonia are strept. pneumoniae, hemophilus influenza, klebsiella and other enterobacteriaceae, and staph. aureus.
The most common pathogens of atypical community-acquired pneumonia are mycoplasma, chlamydia, coxiella, legionella, and viral pneumonia.
The most common bacterial pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia are escherichia coli, pseudomonas, and staph. aureus.
Studies have shown that if vital signs are entirely normal, the probability of pneumonia in outpatients is less than 1%.
Atypical pneumonia refers to organisms not visible on Gram stain and not culturable on standard blood agar.
Upper respiratory infection is more likely than lower respiratory infection if nasal discharge, sore throat, or ear pain predominates.
After treatment, changes evident on CXR usually lag behind the clinical response (up to 6 weeks).
False-negative chest radiographs occur with neutropenia, dehydration, infection with pneumocystis carinii, and early disease (less than 24 hours).
Legionella pneumonia is common in organ transplant recipients, patients with renal failure, patients with chronic lung disease, and smokers; presents with GI symptoms and hyponatremia. Urinary antigen assay for legionella is very sensitive, and the antigen persists in urine for weeks even after starting the treatment.
๐ฅ2๐1
๐Complications of Pneumonia
โฝ๏ธRespiratory failure, Type 1 respiratory failure is relatively common
โฝ๏ธHypotension
โฝ๏ธAtrial fibrillation
โฝ๏ธPleural effusion
โฝ๏ธEmpyema
โฝ๏ธLung abscess
โฝ๏ธPericarditis and Myocarditis
โฝ๏ธJaundice
โฝ๏ธSepticaemia
โฝ๏ธRespiratory failure, Type 1 respiratory failure is relatively common
โฝ๏ธHypotension
โฝ๏ธAtrial fibrillation
โฝ๏ธPleural effusion
โฝ๏ธEmpyema
โฝ๏ธLung abscess
โฝ๏ธPericarditis and Myocarditis
โฝ๏ธJaundice
โฝ๏ธSepticaemia
โค4
๐ด Sleep Apnea
โช patients often present with daytime sleepiness, nighttime snoring with apnea, nocturnal awakenings, diffculties in their jobs, and automobile accidents due to falling asleep at the wheel.
โชSpecifc symptoms include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, morning headaches, cardiac arrhythmias, truncal obesity, pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal enuresis, peripheral edema, hypertension, and an elevated hematocrit on laboratory examination.
โชThree patterns of sleep apnea have been described
๐จcentral apnea,
๐จobstructive apnea
๐จmixed apnea.
โซIn central apnea๐ there is #impaired central nervous system control of respiratory effort.
โซConversely, in obstructive apnea๐ the #upper airway becomes #transiently_obstructed, causing airfow to stop despite continuing efforts of the respiratory muscles.
โชAffected patients experience apneic periods, which can occur #between 40 and 100 times per hour.
โชDuring prolonged periods of apnea, the Po2 can #fall to values as low as 20 to 25 mm Hg with oxygen saturation <50%.
โชSustained hypoxemia of this type leads to #arrhythmias, including sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, long asystoles, frequent atrial premature beats, and ventricular arrhythmias.
โช Pulmonary hypertension may develop with secondary right ventricular hypertrophy.
๐ฅAn effective therapy for many patients with sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure (#CPAP), applied #during_sleep via mask or nasal prongs.
โชPatients treated with CPAP demonstrate #improved neuropsychiatric function and reduced daytime somnolence. Nocturnal desaturation, pulmonary hypertension, and right-sided heart failure fndings can all #improve with this technique.
โชMore severe forms of sleep apnea may require
๐palatal_corrective_surgery or, in the most diffcult cases,
๐tracheostomy.
โช patients often present with daytime sleepiness, nighttime snoring with apnea, nocturnal awakenings, diffculties in their jobs, and automobile accidents due to falling asleep at the wheel.
โชSpecifc symptoms include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, morning headaches, cardiac arrhythmias, truncal obesity, pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal enuresis, peripheral edema, hypertension, and an elevated hematocrit on laboratory examination.
โชThree patterns of sleep apnea have been described
๐จcentral apnea,
๐จobstructive apnea
๐จmixed apnea.
โซIn central apnea๐ there is #impaired central nervous system control of respiratory effort.
โซConversely, in obstructive apnea๐ the #upper airway becomes #transiently_obstructed, causing airfow to stop despite continuing efforts of the respiratory muscles.
โชAffected patients experience apneic periods, which can occur #between 40 and 100 times per hour.
โชDuring prolonged periods of apnea, the Po2 can #fall to values as low as 20 to 25 mm Hg with oxygen saturation <50%.
โชSustained hypoxemia of this type leads to #arrhythmias, including sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, long asystoles, frequent atrial premature beats, and ventricular arrhythmias.
โช Pulmonary hypertension may develop with secondary right ventricular hypertrophy.
๐ฅAn effective therapy for many patients with sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure (#CPAP), applied #during_sleep via mask or nasal prongs.
โชPatients treated with CPAP demonstrate #improved neuropsychiatric function and reduced daytime somnolence. Nocturnal desaturation, pulmonary hypertension, and right-sided heart failure fndings can all #improve with this technique.
โชMore severe forms of sleep apnea may require
๐palatal_corrective_surgery or, in the most diffcult cases,
๐tracheostomy.
โค5
๐ชRemember causes of difficult to control asthma:
1โข non compliant on medications
2โข poor MDI technique (always ask how you do cope with MDI).
3โข CSS (remember upper and lower respiratory symptoms with mononeuritis multiplex).
4โข ABPA (constitutional, hemoptysis, immunosuppressed).
5โข EAA (EPisodic )
6โข GERD
7โข NSAIDs, drugs lower oesophageal sphincter tone
8โข drugs worsen bronchoconstriction (adenosine, ticagrelor, beta blocker)
9โข smoking, occupational hazards, and persistent exposure to allergens.
1โข non compliant on medications
2โข poor MDI technique (always ask how you do cope with MDI).
3โข CSS (remember upper and lower respiratory symptoms with mononeuritis multiplex).
4โข ABPA (constitutional, hemoptysis, immunosuppressed).
5โข EAA (EPisodic )
6โข GERD
7โข NSAIDs, drugs lower oesophageal sphincter tone
8โข drugs worsen bronchoconstriction (adenosine, ticagrelor, beta blocker)
9โข smoking, occupational hazards, and persistent exposure to allergens.
๐ฅ8โค2๐2
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉโจ๏ธ
ุฑุจู ูููููู ู ููุชุญ ุนูููู ู ุชุทูุนูุง ู ู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ู ุงูุชู ู ุฌุงูุจูู ูููุณ ูุงุงุฑุจ ๐คฒ
ุงูุชูุชุฑ ู ุงูุฎูู ูุจู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ู ุดุนูุฑ ุงููู ูุงุณูู ููุจุง ู ุนููู ุงุช ูููุง ู ุฑููุง ุจูู๐ฅ ู ุฑุงูู ูุฐุง ุฃู ุฑ ุทุจูุนู ู ุน ุถุฎุงู ุฉ ู ุทูู ู ููุฌ ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ ู ุจุงูุนูุณ ูุฐุง ุฏููู ุนูู ุงููู ูุฑูุชูุง
ู ุชููุฑูุง ุฌู ูุฉ ุงูุชู ู ุด ู ุทููุจ ู ููู ุงููุฌุงุญ ู ุทููุจ ู ููู ุงูุณุนู ููุท ู ุงููุฌุงุญ ุฑุฒู ู ู ุนูุฏ ุงููู ู ุงูุชู ุณุนูุชูุง ู ูุฑูุชูุง ู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุฑุจู ูุฑุฒููู ุงููุฌุงุญ ู ุงูุชูููู๐ค
ุชููููุง ุนูู ุฑุจู ู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุฎุชุงู ูุง ู ุณู๐ซถ
ุงูููู ุฅู ู ู ุชููู ุนููู ููู ูุฎูุจ ุ ูู ู ุฌุนูู ู ูุงุฐู ููู ูุถูุนโจ๏ธ
ุฑุจู ูููููู ู ููุชุญ ุนูููู ู ุชุทูุนูุง ู ู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ู ุงูุชู ู ุฌุงูุจูู ูููุณ ูุงุงุฑุจ ๐คฒ
ุงูุชูุชุฑ ู ุงูุฎูู ูุจู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ู ุดุนูุฑ ุงููู ูุงุณูู ููุจุง ู ุนููู ุงุช ูููุง ู ุฑููุง ุจูู๐ฅ ู ุฑุงูู ูุฐุง ุฃู ุฑ ุทุจูุนู ู ุน ุถุฎุงู ุฉ ู ุทูู ู ููุฌ ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ ู ุจุงูุนูุณ ูุฐุง ุฏููู ุนูู ุงููู ูุฑูุชูุง
ู ุชููุฑูุง ุฌู ูุฉ ุงูุชู ู ุด ู ุทููุจ ู ููู ุงููุฌุงุญ ู ุทููุจ ู ููู ุงูุณุนู ููุท ู ุงููุฌุงุญ ุฑุฒู ู ู ุนูุฏ ุงููู ู ุงูุชู ุณุนูุชูุง ู ูุฑูุชูุง ู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุฑุจู ูุฑุฒููู ุงููุฌุงุญ ู ุงูุชูููู๐ค
ุชููููุง ุนูู ุฑุจู ู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุฎุชุงู ูุง ู ุณู๐ซถ
ุงูููู ุฅู ู ู ุชููู ุนููู ููู ูุฎูุจ ุ ูู ู ุฌุนูู ู ูุงุฐู ููู ูุถูุนโจ๏ธ
โค41๐1๐1
ุงูููู
ุฅูุง ูุณุฃูู ุงููุฌุงุญ ู ุงูููุงุญ ู ุงูุชูููู ู ุงูุณุฏุงุฏ ูู ูู ุฃู
ูุฑูุง
ุงูููู ุนุฒู ุงู ูุง ูุซูู ู ุตุจุฑุงู ูุง ูููุฐ ู ููุจุงู ูุง ูุนุฑู ูููุฃุณ ุณุจูู
ุงูููู ุงุฑุถูุง ู ุงุฑุถู ุนูุง
ุตุจุงุญ ู ุงูุชูููู ู ุงููุฌุงุญ ููู ู ู ุชู ูุงู๐ค
Good luck ๐โ๏ธ
ุงูููู ุนุฒู ุงู ูุง ูุซูู ู ุตุจุฑุงู ูุง ูููุฐ ู ููุจุงู ูุง ูุนุฑู ูููุฃุณ ุณุจูู
ุงูููู ุงุฑุถูุง ู ุงุฑุถู ุนูุง
ุตุจุงุญ ู ุงูุชูููู ู ุงููุฌุงุญ ููู ู ู ุชู ูุงู๐ค
Good luck ๐โ๏ธ
๐ฅ6โค4
ู
ุณุงุก ุงูุฎูุฑ ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ๐ธ
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุฏุฑุชูุง ูููุณ ูู ุงู ุชุญุงููู
ุงููู ุตูุฑ ุงูุฃุณุฆูุฉ ูุจุนุชูุงูู.
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุฏุฑุชูุง ูููุณ ูู ุงู ุชุญุงููู
ุงููู ุตูุฑ ุงูุฃุณุฆูุฉ ูุจุนุชูุงูู.
โค10๐1
ุตุจุงุญ ุงูุฎูุฑ ๐ธ
ููู ุฌุฏูุฏ ู ุขู ุงู ู ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ ุ ูุตุฉ ุงูุฃู ุณ ุฅูุชูุช ููุตุฉ ุงูููู ูุงูู ุชุจุฏุฃ
ุจู ุฃุตุจุญูุง ู ุนููู ุชููููุง ู ุฅููู ุงูู ุตูุฑ ูุง ุงููู. "
Good luck ๐๐
ููู ุฌุฏูุฏ ู ุขู ุงู ู ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ ุ ูุตุฉ ุงูุฃู ุณ ุฅูุชูุช ููุตุฉ ุงูููู ูุงูู ุชุจุฏุฃ
ุจู ุฃุตุจุญูุง ู ุนููู ุชููููุง ู ุฅููู ุงูู ุตูุฑ ูุง ุงููู. "
Good luck ๐๐
โค11
ู
ุณุงุก ุงูุฎูุฑ ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ๐ฉบ
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุชููููุง ุฌุงูุจุชูุง ูููุณ ุงูููู
ุงููู ุตูุฑ ุฃุณุฆูุฉ ุงูููู ูุจุนุชูุงูู.
ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุชููููุง ุฌุงูุจุชูุง ูููุณ ุงูููู
ุงููู ุตูุฑ ุฃุณุฆูุฉ ุงูููู ูุจุนุชูุงูู.
โค8
ู
ุณุงุก ุงูุฎูุฑ ูุง ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ โจ๏ธ
ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู
Paper 1 โ ๏ธDone
Paper 2 โ ๏ธDone
ูุตูุญุชู ูููู ุชูุง ู ุนุงุด ุชููุฑูุง ูููู ู ููุฑูุง ูู ุงููู ุฌุงู (ุงููู ูู ุชู 60%) ูุงูู ุฃุณูู ุจููุจุง ู ู ุถู ูู ุงูุซุฑ ุจุนูู ุงููู
ุงูููู ุงุฑุชุงุญููููููุง ๐โโ๏ธ๐
ู ู ู ุบุฏูุง ุงุณุชุนุฏูุง ููุฑุญูุฉ ุงููุงุฏู ุฉ๐ช๐ช
ุนูุฏู ููุฏููุงุช ุดุงุฑุญุฉ ูููู ุฎุทุฉ ูุงู ูุฉ ุชูุฑูุง ุจููุง ุงูุงูุฑุงู ู ุงูููููู (hx , exa) ุญูุฏูุฑููู forward ู ุญูุณุงุนุฏูู ุจุงููู ููุฏุฑ ุนููู ุดูุชุงุช ู ู ูุฎุตุงุช๐๐
ู ููููู ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู. ๐๐
ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู
Paper 1 โ ๏ธDone
Paper 2 โ ๏ธDone
ูุตูุญุชู ูููู ุชูุง ู ุนุงุด ุชููุฑูุง ูููู ู ููุฑูุง ูู ุงููู ุฌุงู (ุงููู ูู ุชู 60%) ูุงูู ุฃุณูู ุจููุจุง ู ู ุถู ูู ุงูุซุฑ ุจุนูู ุงููู
ุงูููู ุงุฑุชุงุญููููููุง ๐โโ๏ธ๐
ู ู ู ุบุฏูุง ุงุณุชุนุฏูุง ููุฑุญูุฉ ุงููุงุฏู ุฉ๐ช๐ช
ุนูุฏู ููุฏููุงุช ุดุงุฑุญุฉ ูููู ุฎุทุฉ ูุงู ูุฉ ุชูุฑูุง ุจููุง ุงูุงูุฑุงู ู ุงูููููู (hx , exa) ุญูุฏูุฑููู forward ู ุญูุณุงุนุฏูู ุจุงููู ููุฏุฑ ุนููู ุดูุชุงุช ู ู ูุฎุตุงุช๐๐
ู ููููู ุฅู ุดุงุก ุงููู. ๐๐
โค15
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
How to pass oral exam
By Doha Rawag
By Doha Rawag
โค5
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
How to pass clinical medical examโจ๏ธ
By Doha Ali Rawaq
By Doha Ali Rawaq
โค4
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ๐ค
ุงููู ุญุงูุณ ู ู ุด ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุดู ููุฑุง ู ู ู ููุฌ ุงููุธุฑู ุจุงุด ูุบุทู ุงูู ูุงุถูุน ุงููู ุชุฌู ูู ุฅู ุชุญุงู ุงู Examination ุงููู ูู ุญูููู 3 ู ุญุทุงุช ูุญุฏุฉ general ู ุฒูุฒ local๐ฉบ๐ฅผ
ุฌูุฒุชููู ููุฑุณ Examination discussion ุชูู ูุง ุจูู ุงู presentation ู ุงู DD + Causes + Investigations
ุงูููุฑุณ ุญููุฒู ูู ููุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนุงูุชูููุฑุงู ๐ฒ๐ป
ุณุนุฑ ุงูููุฑุณ 40 ุฏ ๐ญ
ุงูุฅุดุชุฑุงู ุนุจุฑ ูุฑูุช ุงู ูุงุด ู ุชููุฑุงุช ูู
ู ุตูุฑุงุช ุงููููุฉ๐๐
ุงู ุงู ุงูู ุชูุฒูุน ุงูICAHS :
https://newminds.app/ุฎุฑูุทุฉ-ู ูุฒุนูู-icash/๐ ๐
ููุชุณุฌูู ูู ุงูููุฑุณ ุงูุชูุงุตู ุนูู ุงูุจูุช ุงูุชุงูู:
@New_Minds_Robot๐ฒ๐คณ
ู ูุงุญุธุฉ:- ุงูุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ุงูู ุดุชุฑููู ู ุนุงู ูู ููุฑุณ ุงู Examination ุงููุงู ู ุงู ููุฑุณ ุงู findings ุงู ููุฑุณ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ุ ุนูุฏูู ุชุฎููุถ 50%.
ุงููู ุญุงูุณ ู ู ุด ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุดู ููุฑุง ู ู ู ููุฌ ุงููุธุฑู ุจุงุด ูุบุทู ุงูู ูุงุถูุน ุงููู ุชุฌู ูู ุฅู ุชุญุงู ุงู Examination ุงููู ูู ุญูููู 3 ู ุญุทุงุช ูุญุฏุฉ general ู ุฒูุฒ local๐ฉบ๐ฅผ
ุฌูุฒุชููู ููุฑุณ Examination discussion ุชูู ูุง ุจูู ุงู presentation ู ุงู DD + Causes + Investigations
ุงูููุฑุณ ุญููุฒู ูู ููุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนุงูุชูููุฑุงู ๐ฒ๐ป
ุณุนุฑ ุงูููุฑุณ 40 ุฏ ๐ญ
ุงูุฅุดุชุฑุงู ุนุจุฑ ูุฑูุช ุงู ูุงุด ู ุชููุฑุงุช ูู
ู ุตูุฑุงุช ุงููููุฉ๐๐
ุงู ุงู ุงูู ุชูุฒูุน ุงูICAHS :
https://newminds.app/ุฎุฑูุทุฉ-ู ูุฒุนูู-icash/๐ ๐
ููุชุณุฌูู ูู ุงูููุฑุณ ุงูุชูุงุตู ุนูู ุงูุจูุช ุงูุชุงูู:
@New_Minds_Robot๐ฒ๐คณ
ู ูุงุญุธุฉ:- ุงูุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ุงูู ุดุชุฑููู ู ุนุงู ูู ููุฑุณ ุงู Examination ุงููุงู ู ุงู ููุฑุณ ุงู findings ุงู ููุฑุณ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ุ ุนูุฏูู ุชุฎููุถ 50%.
โค10๐1
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ๐ฉบ
ููุซุฑุฉ ุงูุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุจุฎุตูุต ููุฑุณ ุงู Findings ู ุจู ุง ุงู ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ููุช ูููุณ ูุฌูุฒูุง ููู ููููููู ุงููู ูุดูู 60% ู ู ุงูู ุนุฏู ุงูุนุงู ูู ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ
ู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุญููุชุญ ููุฑุณ findings ุงุจุชุฏุงู ู ู ููู ุงูุฃุญุฏ ุงููุงุฏู
ุทุจุนุงู ููุฑุฉ ุงูููุฑุณ ู ุฎุชููุฉ ุนูู ููุฑุณ ุงูุงูุฒุงู ููุดู ุงูุนุงุฏู ุ ุงูุชุฑููุฒ ุญูููู ุนุงู findings ุงูุซุฑ ู ู ุงูุชุทุจูู ุ ุจุญูุซ ููููุง ุนูู ูู ุงูุฃูุณุงู ู ูุดูููุง ู ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุบูุจ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ุชุฌู ูู ุฅู ุชุญุงู ุงูููููู ู ุน discussion ุนุงูุญุงูุฉ presentation ู DD ู Inv ุฒู ูุธุงู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ๐
ู ุฏุฉ ุงูููุฑุณ / ุญุชููู ููู ูู ููู ูุฑูุจ
ุชูููุช ุงูููุฑุณ / ู ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ 12 ุงูู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ 3 ู ุณุงุกุงู โฐ๏ธ
ู ูุงู ุงูููุฑุณ / ุงูู ุณุชุดูู ุงูุฌุงู ุนู ุทุฑุงุจูุณ (ุงูุทุจู)๐จ
ุณุนุฑ ุงูููุฑุณ / 80 ุฏ
ุงูุนุฏุฏ ุญูููู ู ุญุฏูุฏ ุนูู ุญุณุจ ุงูููุช ุงููู ุจูุญุตููู ุ ุงููู ูุฑุบุจ ุจุงูุชุณุฌูู ูุชูุงุตู ู ุนุงู ุนุงูุฎุงุต.
ู ุทุจุนุงู ุฌุฏุฏุช ุดูุช ุงู findings ู ุชุน ุงู examination ุบุฏูุง ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุญูุฒูู ูู ุงูููุงุฉ
ู ููููู ู ุณุฏุฏูู ูุงุฑุจ๐ซถ๐ฉบ
ููุซุฑุฉ ุงูุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุจุฎุตูุต ููุฑุณ ุงู Findings ู ุจู ุง ุงู ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ููุช ูููุณ ูุฌูุฒูุง ููู ููููููู ุงููู ูุดูู 60% ู ู ุงูู ุนุฏู ุงูุนุงู ูู ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ
ู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุญููุชุญ ููุฑุณ findings ุงุจุชุฏุงู ู ู ููู ุงูุฃุญุฏ ุงููุงุฏู
ุทุจุนุงู ููุฑุฉ ุงูููุฑุณ ู ุฎุชููุฉ ุนูู ููุฑุณ ุงูุงูุฒุงู ููุดู ุงูุนุงุฏู ุ ุงูุชุฑููุฒ ุญูููู ุนุงู findings ุงูุซุฑ ู ู ุงูุชุทุจูู ุ ุจุญูุซ ููููุง ุนูู ูู ุงูุฃูุณุงู ู ูุดูููุง ู ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุบูุจ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ุชุฌู ูู ุฅู ุชุญุงู ุงูููููู ู ุน discussion ุนุงูุญุงูุฉ presentation ู DD ู Inv ุฒู ูุธุงู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ๐
ู ุฏุฉ ุงูููุฑุณ / ุญุชููู ููู ูู ููู ูุฑูุจ
ุชูููุช ุงูููุฑุณ / ู ู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ 12 ุงูู ุงูุณุงุนุฉ 3 ู ุณุงุกุงู โฐ๏ธ
ู ูุงู ุงูููุฑุณ / ุงูู ุณุชุดูู ุงูุฌุงู ุนู ุทุฑุงุจูุณ (ุงูุทุจู)๐จ
ุณุนุฑ ุงูููุฑุณ / 80 ุฏ
ุงูุนุฏุฏ ุญูููู ู ุญุฏูุฏ ุนูู ุญุณุจ ุงูููุช ุงููู ุจูุญุตููู ุ ุงููู ูุฑุบุจ ุจุงูุชุณุฌูู ูุชูุงุตู ู ุนุงู ุนุงูุฎุงุต.
ู ุทุจุนุงู ุฌุฏุฏุช ุดูุช ุงู findings ู ุชุน ุงู examination ุบุฏูุง ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุญูุฒูู ูู ุงูููุงุฉ
ู ููููู ู ุณุฏุฏูู ูุงุฑุจ๐ซถ๐ฉบ
๐ฅ3โค1
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ๐ฉบ ููุซุฑุฉ ุงูุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุจุฎุตูุต ููุฑุณ ุงู Findings ู ุจู
ุง ุงู ุงูุญู
ุฏ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ููุช ูููุณ ูุฌูุฒูุง ููู ููููููู ุงููู ูุดูู 60% ู
ู ุงูู
ุนุฏู ุงูุนุงู
ูู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุจุงุทูุฉ ู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุญููุชุญ ููุฑุณ findings ุงุจุชุฏุงู ู
ู ููู
ุงูุฃุญุฏ ุงููุงุฏู
ุทุจุนุงู ููุฑุฉ ุงูููุฑุณ ู
ุฎุชููุฉโฆยป
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ูุฐุง ุดูุช ุงููุณุชูุฑู ุงููุงู
ู๐
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
History taking by Dr. Doha Rawag .pdf
43.9 MB
๐ฅ1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ู ูุฐุง ุงูุดูุช ุงูู
ุฎุชุตุฑ๐