Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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๐Ÿ“Causes of pulmonary edema
๐ŸŸฅCardiogenic
Acute HF

๐ŸŸฅNoncardiogenic
๐Ÿ”ต Drowning
๐Ÿ”ต Acute glomerulonephritis
๐Ÿ”ต Fluid overload
๐Ÿ”ต Aspiration
๐Ÿ”ต Inhalation injury
๐Ÿ”ต Opioid overdose
๐Ÿ”ต Salicylate toxicity
๐Ÿ”ต Neurogenic pulmonary edema
๐Ÿ”ต Allergic reaction
๐Ÿ”ต Adult respiratory distress syndrome
๐Ÿ‘4โค2
๐Ÿ“Pneumonia

There are 2 types of pneumonia:
๐Ÿ‘‰community-acquired pneumonia ๐Ÿ‘‰ hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia are either typical or atypical, and occurs in community or within the first 72 hours of hospitalization.

Typical community-acquired pneumonia presents with acute onset of shaking chills then fever, productive cough with thick purulent sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea. Signs are tachypnea, tachycardia, and pleural friction rub (if pleural effusion). Chest X rays shows lobar or multilobar consolidation.

Atypical community-acquired pneumonia presents with insidious onset of headache, sore throat, fatigue, myalgia, fever (chills are uncommon), and dry cough (no sputum production). Signs include fever with relative bradycardia. Chest X ray shows diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates with absent or minimal consolidation.

Nosocomial pneumonia occurs during hospitalization after the first 73 hours.

The most common pathogens of typical community-acquired pneumonia are strept. pneumoniae, hemophilus influenza, klebsiella and other enterobacteriaceae, and staph. aureus.

The most common pathogens of atypical community-acquired pneumonia are mycoplasma, chlamydia, coxiella, legionella, and viral pneumonia.

The most common bacterial pathogens of nosocomial pneumonia are escherichia coli, pseudomonas, and staph. aureus.

Studies have shown that if vital signs are entirely normal, the probability of pneumonia in outpatients is less than 1%.

Atypical pneumonia refers to organisms not visible on Gram stain and not culturable on standard blood agar.

Upper respiratory infection is more likely than lower respiratory infection if nasal discharge, sore throat, or ear pain predominates.

After treatment, changes evident on CXR usually lag behind the clinical response (up to 6 weeks).

False-negative chest radiographs occur with neutropenia, dehydration, infection with pneumocystis carinii, and early disease (less than 24 hours).

Legionella pneumonia is common in organ transplant recipients, patients with renal failure, patients with chronic lung disease, and smokers; presents with GI symptoms and hyponatremia. Urinary antigen assay for legionella is very sensitive, and the antigen persists in urine for weeks even after starting the treatment.
๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ“Complications of Pneumonia

โ—ฝ๏ธRespiratory failure, Type 1 respiratory failure is relatively common
โ—ฝ๏ธHypotension
โ—ฝ๏ธAtrial fibrillation
โ—ฝ๏ธPleural effusion
โ—ฝ๏ธEmpyema
โ—ฝ๏ธLung abscess
โ—ฝ๏ธPericarditis and Myocarditis
โ—ฝ๏ธJaundice
โ—ฝ๏ธSepticaemia
โค4
๐Ÿ”ด Sleep Apnea

โ–ช patients often present with daytime sleepiness, nighttime snoring with apnea, nocturnal awakenings, diffculties in their jobs, and automobile accidents due to falling asleep at the wheel.

โ–ชSpecifc symptoms include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, morning headaches, cardiac arrhythmias, truncal obesity, pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal enuresis, peripheral edema, hypertension, and an elevated hematocrit on laboratory examination.

โ–ชThree patterns of sleep apnea have been described
๐ŸŸจcentral apnea,
๐ŸŸจobstructive apnea
๐ŸŸจmixed apnea.

โ–ซIn central apnea๐Ÿ‘‰ there is #impaired central nervous system control of respiratory effort.
โ–ซConversely, in obstructive apnea๐Ÿ‘‰ the #upper airway becomes #transiently_obstructed, causing airfow to stop despite continuing efforts of the respiratory muscles.

โ–ชAffected patients experience apneic periods, which can occur #between 40 and 100 times per hour.
โ–ชDuring prolonged periods of apnea, the Po2 can #fall to values as low as 20 to 25 mm Hg with oxygen saturation <50%.
โ–ชSustained hypoxemia of this type leads to #arrhythmias, including sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, long asystoles, frequent atrial premature beats, and ventricular arrhythmias.
โ–ช Pulmonary hypertension may develop with secondary right ventricular hypertrophy.

๐ŸŸฅAn effective therapy for many patients with sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure (#CPAP), applied #during_sleep via mask or nasal prongs.
โ–ชPatients treated with CPAP demonstrate #improved neuropsychiatric function and reduced daytime somnolence. Nocturnal desaturation, pulmonary hypertension, and right-sided heart failure fndings can all #improve with this technique.
โ–ชMore severe forms of sleep apnea may require
๐Ÿ‘‰palatal_corrective_surgery or, in the most diffcult cases,
๐Ÿ‘‰tracheostomy.
โค5
๐ŸŸชRemember causes of difficult to control asthma:

1โ€ข non compliant on medications
2โ€ข poor MDI technique (always ask how you do cope with MDI).
3โ€ข CSS (remember upper and lower respiratory symptoms with mononeuritis multiplex).
4โ€ข ABPA (constitutional, hemoptysis, immunosuppressed).
5โ€ข EAA (EPisodic )
6โ€ข GERD
7โ€ข NSAIDs, drugs lower oesophageal sphincter tone
8โ€ข drugs worsen bronchoconstriction (adenosine, ticagrelor, beta blocker)
9โ€ข smoking, occupational hazards, and persistent exposure to allergens.
๐Ÿ”ฅ8โค2๐Ÿ‘2
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉโœจ๏ธ

ุฑุจูŠ ูŠูˆูู‚ูƒู… ูˆ ูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ุงู†ุชูˆ ู…ุฌุงูˆุจูŠู† ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุงุงุฑุจ ๐Ÿคฒ

ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุงู†ูƒู… ู†ุงุณูŠู† ู‡ู„ุจุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูƒู„ู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุจูŠู‡๐Ÿ˜ฅ ูˆ ุฑุงู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุน ุถุฎุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุทูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ูƒู… ู‚ุฑูŠุชูˆุง

ูˆ ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุณุนูŠ ูู‚ุท ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ุฑุฒู‚ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงู†ุชูˆ ุณุนูŠุชูˆุง ูˆ ู‚ุฑูŠุชูˆุง ูˆ ุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจูŠ ูŠุฑุฒู‚ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚๐Ÿค

ุชูˆูƒู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจูŠ ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎุชุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ุณูƒ๐Ÿซถ

ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู† ู…ู† ุชูˆูƒู„ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูู„ู† ูŠุฎูŠุจ ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฌุนู„ูƒ ู…ู„ุงุฐู‡ ูู„ู† ูŠุถูŠุนโœจ๏ธ
โค41๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿ‘1
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ูˆ ุงู„ูู„ุงุญ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…ูˆุฑู†ุง
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุนุฒู…ุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุซู†ู‰ ูˆ ุตุจุฑุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠู†ูุฐ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุจุงู‹ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑู ู„ู„ูŠุฃุณ ุณุจูŠู„
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฑุถู†ุง ูˆ ุงุฑุถู‰ ุนู†ุง

ุตุจุงุญ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุชู…ู†ุงู‡๐Ÿค

Good luck ๐Ÿ™โœŒ๏ธ
๐Ÿ”ฅ6โค4
ู…ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ๐ŸŒธ

ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏุฑุชูˆุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ูƒู…

ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุจุนุชู‡ุงู„ูŠ.
โค10๐Ÿ‘1
ุตุจุงุญ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ๐ŸŒธ

ูŠูˆู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุขู…ุงู„ ู…ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉ ุŒ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุณ ุฅู†ุชู‡ุช ูˆู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ
ุจูƒ ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ูˆ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ูˆ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตูŠุฑ ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‡. "
Good luck ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿ™
โค11
ู…ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ๐Ÿฉบ

ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงูˆุจุชูˆุง ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…

ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูˆุฑ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุจุนุชู‡ุงู„ูŠ.
โค8
ู…ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ โœจ๏ธ

ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡
Paper 1 โœ…๏ธDone
Paper 2 โœ…๏ธDone

ู†ุตูŠุญุชูŠ ู„ูŠูƒู… ุชูˆุง ู…ุนุงุด ุชููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ู… ูˆ ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ (ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู…ุชู„ 60%) ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจู‡ู„ุจุง ูˆ ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุงูƒุซุฑ ุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡

ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุฑุชุงุญูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆุง ๐Ÿ’†โ€โ™€๏ธ๐Ÿ’†
ูˆ ู…ู† ุบุฏูˆุง ุงุณุชุนุฏูˆุง ู„ู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ๐Ÿ’ช๐Ÿ’ช

ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงุช ุดุงุฑุญุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุฎุทุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุงูˆุฑุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ  (hx , exa) ุญู†ุฏูŠุฑู„ู‡ู… forward ูˆ ุญู†ุณุงุนุฏูƒู… ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูŠุชุงุช ูˆ ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ“

ู…ูˆูู‚ูŠู† ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿ™
โค15
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
How to pass oral exam
By Doha Rawag
โค5
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
How to pass clinical medical examโœจ๏ธ

By Doha Ali Rawaq
โค4
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ๐Ÿค

ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูŠุณ ูˆ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุดู† ูŠู‚ุฑุง ู…ู† ู…ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุจุงุด ูŠุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ Examination ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† 3 ู…ุญุทุงุช ูˆุญุฏุฉ general ูˆ ุฒูˆุฒ local๐Ÿฉบ๐Ÿฅผ

ุฌู‡ุฒุชู„ูƒู… ูƒูˆุฑุณ Examination discussion ุชู„ู…ูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ presentation ูˆ ุงู„ DD + Causes + Investigations

ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุญูŠู†ุฒู„ ููŠ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนุงู„ุชู„ูŠู‚ุฑุงู…๐Ÿ“ฒ๐Ÿ’ป

ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ 40 ุฏ ๐Ÿ’ญ

ุงู„ุฅุดุชุฑุงูƒ ุนุจุฑ ูƒุฑูˆุช ุงูŠ ูƒุงุด ู…ุชูˆูุฑุงุช ููŠ
ู…ุตูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ๐Ÿ”๐Ÿ“ 

ุงูˆ ุงู…ุงูƒู† ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ICAHS :

https://newminds.app/ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ-ู…ูˆุฒุนูŠู†-icash/๐Ÿ“ ๐Ÿ”

ู„ู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:

@New_Minds_Robot๐Ÿ“ฒ๐Ÿคณ


ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ:- ุงู„ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูŠู† ู…ุนุงูŠ ููŠ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ Examination ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ findings ุงูˆ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ู‡ุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุŒ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุชุฎููŠุถ 50%.
โค10๐Ÿ‘1
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ๐Ÿฉบ


ู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุจุฎุตูˆุต ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ Findings ูˆ ุจู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ุฌู‡ุฒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู„ู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุดูƒู„ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ
ู ุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญู†ูุชุญ ูƒูˆุฑุณ findings ุงุจุชุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…

ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ุงู‚ุฒุงู…ู†ูŠุดู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ findings ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ู„ููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ูˆ ู†ุดูˆููˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฌูŠ ููŠ ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ู…ุน discussion ุนุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ presentation ูˆ DD ูˆ Inv ุฒูŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฅู…ุชุญุงู† ๐Ÿ“


ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ / ุญุชูƒูˆู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ู„ูƒู„ ู‚ุฑูˆุจ

ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ / ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 12 ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ 3 ู…ุณุงุกุงู‹ โฐ๏ธ

ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ / ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ (ุงู„ุทุจูŠ)๐Ÿจ

ุณุนุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ / 80 ุฏ


ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุตู„ูˆู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ูŠุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนุงูŠ ุนุงู„ุฎุงุต.

ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฌุฏุฏุช ุดูŠุช ุงู„ findings ู…ุชุน ุงู„ examination ุบุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญู†ุฒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ

ู…ูˆูู‚ูŠู† ู…ุณุฏุฏูŠู† ูŠุงุฑุจ๐Ÿซถ๐Ÿฉบ
๐Ÿ”ฅ3โค1
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ๐Ÿฉบ ู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุณุงุฑุงุช ุจุฎุตูˆุต ูƒูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ Findings ูˆ ุจู…ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ุฌู‡ุฒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู„ู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุดูƒู„ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ ู ุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญู†ูุชุญ ูƒูˆุฑุณ findings ุงุจุชุฏุงู‹ ู…ู† ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉโ€ฆยป
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุช ุงู„ู‡ุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„๐Ÿ‘‡
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ๐Ÿ‘‡