❇️Hypercalcemia and respiratory diseases

Sarcoidosis ➡️presence of 1α-hydroxylase enzyme in macrophages and giant cells that form part of the granuloma.

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung ➡️
parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a protein that has similar action to parathyroid hormone (PTH) .

ركزوا عليهم مهمات في ال MCQ📝

مهماااااات جداً📝

✳️Most common type of lung cancer worldwide is
➡️ lung adenocarcinoma 📝

مهمة و لازم يجي منها سؤال سواء Case او MCQ📝

#light's_criteria

#Indications_of_Steroids_in_TB:📝

📝Pericarditis +/- Myocarditis
📝Meningitis
📝Adrenalitis
📝Uveitis
📝Paradoxical response
📝Endobronchial LN compression/impending rupture

#Manegment of Pneumothorax 📝

🟨DD of yellow nail

1_Onychomycosis
2_ Chronic paronychia
3_ Pseudonymous infection
4_ Yellow nail syndrome
5_Drugs ( Topical 5`flurouracil , tetracycline)💊

البوست هذا حيقعد محفور في ذاكرتي مهما حييت🤍

معز هو بيشنت ليوكيميا (الحمد لله حالياً في مرحلة التعافي و دعواتكم ليه بكمال الصحة و العافية)
و أيضا طالب سنة خامسة من جامعة ترهونة

تعرفت عليه وقت كنت rotation بقسم أمراض الدم و الأورام باطنة و هو بالصدفة يعرفني من قناتي

النجاح = عزيمة و إصرار مهما كانت الظروف اللي انت تمر بيها
قصة نجاح نبيها تكون مصدر تفاؤل للجميع💪

اللهم أنفع بنا أينما كنا🤍

📝Restrictive/obstructive lung disaeses

🟪Restrictive_lung_disease
👉FEV1 - reduced
👉FVC - significantly reduced
👉FEV1% (FEV1/FVC) - normal or increased

◾️Main causes
*Pulmonary fibrosis
*Asbestosis
*Extrinsic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
*Sarcoidosis
*Acute respiratory distress syndrome
*Infant respiratory distress syndrome
*Kyphoscoliosis
*Neuromuscular disorders

🟪Obstructive_lung_disease
👉FEV1 - significantly reduced
👉FVC - reduced or normal
👉FEV1% (FEV1/FVC) - reduced

◾️Main causes
*Asthma
*COPD
*Bronchiectasis
*Bronchiolitis obliterans

#COPD_long_term_oxygen_therapy

✴Patients who receive LTOT should breathe supplementary oxygen for at least 15 hours
a day.

#Assess patients if any of the following:
💥very severe airflow obstruction (FEV1 < 30% predicted).
💥Assessment should be 'considered' for patients with severe airflow obstruction (FEV1 30-49% predicted)
💥cyanosis
💥polycythaemia
💥peripheral oedema
💥raised jugular venous pressure
💥oxygen saturations less than or equal to 92% on room air

#Assessment is done by measuring arterial blood gases on 2 occasions at least 3 weeks apart in patients with stable COPD on optimal management.

📝Offer LTOT to patients with

1_ pO2 of < 7.3 kPa (<55 %)
2_to those with a pO2 of 7.3 - 8 kPa and one of the following:
✔secondary polycythaemia
✔nocturnal hypoxaemia
✔peripheral oedema , raised JVP
✔pulmonary hypertension

🟨Complcations of COPD

◾️2ry Polycythemia
◾️Cor-Pulmonale
◾️Recurrent infections
(Bronchiectasis)
◾️Rupture bullae
◾️Pneumothorax
◾️Type II Respiratory failure

📝Causes of pulmonary edema
🟥Cardiogenic
Acute HF

🟥Noncardiogenic
🔵 Drowning
🔵 Acute glomerulonephritis
🔵 Fluid overload
🔵 Aspiration
🔵 Inhalation injury
🔵 Opioid overdose
🔵 Salicylate toxicity
🔵 Neurogenic pulmonary edema
🔵 Allergic reaction
🔵 Adult respiratory distress syndrome