ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ูุจุฑูุงุชู ๐ค
ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ุงููู ู ุดุชุฑููู ู ุนุงู ูู ููุฑุณ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ุญูุจุฏูุง ุชุฏุฑูุจ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ู ู ููู ุงูุฌู ุนุฉ ุงูุฌุงูุฉ ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุงูู ูุงูู 8_11
ุฃูุงู ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจ/ ูู ุฌู ุนุฉ
ุฃูู main complaints ุญูุงุฎุฏููู
Dysnea
Chest pain
ูู ูู ู ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุญูุฎุชุงุฑ 4 ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ูุงุฎุฏูุง ุงููุณุชูุฑู ู ุงูุจููุฉ ุงุณุชู ุงุน
ุจุญูุซ ูู main complaint ูุงุฎุฏูุง ุนููู ุฒูุฒ ุณููุงุฑูููุงุช ู ุฎุชููุฉ๐
ู ูุฎุชู ูุง ูู ุณููุงุฑูู ุจ Disscussion
DD + Investigations
ููุณ ู ุง ู ุทุงูุจูู ุจูู ูู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู
ุดูููุง ููุฏููุงุช ุงูู ูุตุฉ ููู ูุถูุนูู ุงููู ุจูุงุฎุฏููู ู ู ููููู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ๐๐ชป
ุฑุฌุงุกุงู ุงููู ู ุณุฌููู ู ุนุงู ูู ุงูููุฑุณ ูุชูุงุตููุง ู ุนุงู ุจุงุด ูุถูููู ููุฑูุจ ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจ ู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ู ุชูููุช ุงูุงูู ุญูุฒูู ูุงุญูุงู ูู ุงููุฑูุจ ุงูู ุฎุตุต ููุชุฏุฑูุจ.โ๏ธโฐ๏ธ
ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ุงููู ู ุดุชุฑููู ู ุนุงู ูู ููุฑุณ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ุญูุจุฏูุง ุชุฏุฑูุจ ุงููุณุชูุฑู ู ู ููู ุงูุฌู ุนุฉ ุงูุฌุงูุฉ ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ุงูู ูุงูู 8_11
ุฃูุงู ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจ/ ูู ุฌู ุนุฉ
ุฃูู main complaints ุญูุงุฎุฏููู
Dysnea
Chest pain
ูู ูู ู ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุญูุฎุชุงุฑ 4 ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ ูุงุฎุฏูุง ุงููุณุชูุฑู ู ุงูุจููุฉ ุงุณุชู ุงุน
ุจุญูุซ ูู main complaint ูุงุฎุฏูุง ุนููู ุฒูุฒ ุณููุงุฑูููุงุช ู ุฎุชููุฉ๐
ู ูุฎุชู ูุง ูู ุณููุงุฑูู ุจ Disscussion
DD + Investigations
ููุณ ู ุง ู ุทุงูุจูู ุจูู ูู ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู
ุดูููุง ููุฏููุงุช ุงูู ูุตุฉ ููู ูุถูุนูู ุงููู ุจูุงุฎุฏููู ู ู ููููู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููู ๐๐ชป
ุฑุฌุงุกุงู ุงููู ู ุณุฌููู ู ุนุงู ูู ุงูููุฑุณ ูุชูุงุตููุง ู ุนุงู ุจุงุด ูุถูููู ููุฑูุจ ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจ ู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ู ุชูููุช ุงูุงูู ุญูุฒูู ูุงุญูุงู ูู ุงููุฑูุจ ุงูู ุฎุตุต ููุชุฏุฑูุจ.โ๏ธโฐ๏ธ
โค10๐1
ุงูุณูุงู
ุนูููู
ูุฑุญู
ุฉ ุงููู ูุจุฑูุงุชู ุฏูุงุชุฑุฉ๐ฉบ
ููู ู ู ูุชูุงุตู ู ุนุงู ุจุฎุตูุต ููุฑุณ ุงู Examination ูุงู ู (Manouver+ findings) ููุฃุณู ู ูููุฉ ุงูุชุณุฌูู ุญุงููุงู
ูุงู ุงุฎุฑ ูุฑูุจ ููู ูููู ูู ูุต 12 ู ูู ุงู ุชุญุงููู ูู 1 ุฃุนุชูุฏ ู ุด ุญูููู ู ูุงุณุจ ูุนุทู ุจุนุฏ ุงููุฑูุจ ูุฐุง
ู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุชุฑุฉ ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุญูุนุทู ููุฑุณ findings ุ ุญูููู ู ุฏุชู ููู ูู ุฒู ู ุง ุนุทูุช ููุฏูุนุงุช ุงููู ูุจููู ุ ููุชูุง ุญูุฒู ุฅุนูุงู ุจุงูุฎุตูุต
ู ููููู ู ุณุฏุฏูู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุชุนุงูู ๐คโจ๏ธ
ููู ู ู ูุชูุงุตู ู ุนุงู ุจุฎุตูุต ููุฑุณ ุงู Examination ูุงู ู (Manouver+ findings) ููุฃุณู ู ูููุฉ ุงูุชุณุฌูู ุญุงููุงู
ูุงู ุงุฎุฑ ูุฑูุจ ููู ูููู ูู ูุต 12 ู ูู ุงู ุชุญุงููู ูู 1 ุฃุนุชูุฏ ู ุด ุญูููู ู ูุงุณุจ ูุนุทู ุจุนุฏ ุงููุฑูุจ ูุฐุง
ู ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุชุฑุฉ ุงูุฅู ุชุญุงู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุญูุนุทู ููุฑุณ findings ุ ุญูููู ู ุฏุชู ููู ูู ุฒู ู ุง ุนุทูุช ููุฏูุนุงุช ุงููู ูุจููู ุ ููุชูุง ุญูุฒู ุฅุนูุงู ุจุงูุฎุตูุต
ู ููููู ู ุณุฏุฏูู ุจุนูู ุงููู ุชุนุงูู ๐คโจ๏ธ
โค10๐1
#Respiratory
๐จType 1 respiratory failure (T1RF): is characterised by
hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa)
normal or low CO2.
๐จType 2 respiratory failure (T2RF): is characterised by
hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa) hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 6.5 kPa).
๐จType 1 respiratory failure (T1RF): is characterised by
hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa)
normal or low CO2.
๐จType 2 respiratory failure (T2RF): is characterised by
hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 8 kPa) hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 6.5 kPa).
โค3
#Respiratory
โณ๏ธRespiratory Conditions: Choice of investigations๐
__
โ Extrinsic upper airway obstruction assessmentโ Flow-volume loop
โ Expiratory obstruction (e.g. Asthma, COPD)โ FEV1
โ Respiratory muscle strength assessment (e.g. GBS, Myasthenia gravis)โ FVC
โ Assessment whether obstructive or restrictive lung diseaseโ FEV1/FVC ratio
โพIf ratio <0.7 indicates obstructive
โพIf ratio is >0.7 indicates restrictive
โ Monitoring of Asthmaโ PEFR
โณ๏ธRespiratory Conditions: Choice of investigations๐
__
โ Extrinsic upper airway obstruction assessmentโ Flow-volume loop
โ Expiratory obstruction (e.g. Asthma, COPD)โ FEV1
โ Respiratory muscle strength assessment (e.g. GBS, Myasthenia gravis)โ FVC
โ Assessment whether obstructive or restrictive lung diseaseโ FEV1/FVC ratio
โพIf ratio <0.7 indicates obstructive
โพIf ratio is >0.7 indicates restrictive
โ Monitoring of Asthmaโ PEFR
๐2โค1
#Respiratory
#Signs_of_Acute_severe_asthma๐
Any one of the followings:
*Peak flow 33% to 50% best
*Predicted Respiratory rate โฅ25 per minute
*Heart rate โฅ110 beats per minute
*Inability to complete sentences in one breath.๐ฉบ
#Signs_of_Acute_severe_asthma๐
Any one of the followings:
*Peak flow 33% to 50% best
*Predicted Respiratory rate โฅ25 per minute
*Heart rate โฅ110 beats per minute
*Inability to complete sentences in one breath.๐ฉบ
โค1
#Respiratory
๐จThe most common infective causes of COPD exacerbations are:
๐bacteria:
-Haemophilus influenzae (most common cause)
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
๐Respiratory viruses:
-account for around 30% of exacerbations
-human rhinovirus is the most important pathogen๐ฉบ
๐จThe most common infective causes of COPD exacerbations are:
๐bacteria:
-Haemophilus influenzae (most common cause)
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
๐Respiratory viruses:
-account for around 30% of exacerbations
-human rhinovirus is the most important pathogen๐ฉบ
โค2๐1
๐จSeverity of COPD categorised by using
โก๏ธFEV 1
โก๏ธFEV 1
๐2โค1
๐จFactors which improve survival in COPD
Smoking cessation
LTOT (Long Term Oxygen Therapy)
Lung volume reduction surgery
Smoking cessation
LTOT (Long Term Oxygen Therapy)
Lung volume reduction surgery
โค7๐1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
โ๏ธThe mainstay of ttt in bronchiectasis is โก๏ธ
๐Antibiotics + Chest physiotherapy .
๐Antibiotics + Chest physiotherapy .
๐2โค1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐จfibrosis predominantly effecting the lower zones of lung ๐ซ
๐Asbestosis
๐Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
๐Connective tissue diseases (Except Ankylosing spondylitis)
๐Drug induced โก๏ธ e.g Amiodarone, Nitrofuranton, Bleomycin , Methotrexate
ู ุงู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ุบูุฑูู ุจุชุงุชุฑ ุนูู ุงู upper zones.
๐Asbestosis
๐Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
๐Connective tissue diseases (Except Ankylosing spondylitis)
๐Drug induced โก๏ธ e.g Amiodarone, Nitrofuranton, Bleomycin , Methotrexate
ู ุงู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ุบูุฑูู ุจุชุงุชุฑ ุนูู ุงู upper zones.
โค6
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
โ๏ธHypercalcemia and respiratory diseases
Sarcoidosis โก๏ธpresence of 1ฮฑ-hydroxylase enzyme in macrophages and giant cells that form part of the granuloma.
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung โก๏ธ
parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a protein that has similar action to parathyroid hormone (PTH) .
ุฑูุฒูุง ุนูููู ู ูู ุงุช ูู ุงู MCQ๐
Sarcoidosis โก๏ธpresence of 1ฮฑ-hydroxylase enzyme in macrophages and giant cells that form part of the granuloma.
Squamous cell carcinoma of lung โก๏ธ
parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), a protein that has similar action to parathyroid hormone (PTH) .
ุฑูุฒูุง ุนูููู ู ูู ุงุช ูู ุงู MCQ๐
โค9
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐จCXR in patient with PE is usually
โก๏ธNormal
โก๏ธNormal
โค7
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐จMost common ECG findings in patient with PE is
โก๏ธSinus Tachycardia ๐
โก๏ธOther signs
RBBB
Rt ventricular strain
S1Q3T3
(A large S wave in lead I, A Q wave in lead III and an inverted T wave in lead III)๐ฉบ
โก๏ธSinus Tachycardia ๐
โก๏ธOther signs
RBBB
Rt ventricular strain
S1Q3T3
(A large S wave in lead I, A Q wave in lead III and an inverted T wave in lead III)๐ฉบ
๐ฅ3โค2๐1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
๐จCURB-65 score
Patients are stratified for risk of death as follows:
0: low risk (less than 1% mortality risk)
1 or 2: intermediate risk (1-10% mortality risk)
3 or 4: high risk (more than 10% mortality risk). https://t.co/pZQ5BjtoIW
Patients are stratified for risk of death as follows:
0: low risk (less than 1% mortality risk)
1 or 2: intermediate risk (1-10% mortality risk)
3 or 4: high risk (more than 10% mortality risk). https://t.co/pZQ5BjtoIW
โค3
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
#Keypoints_Pneumonia ๐ฉบ๐
Symptoms of pneumonia + Rust-colored sputum+H/O herps libials =
โ๏ธSterptococcus pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + yellow to green Sputum + H/O common cold (flu) =
โ๏ธStaph.aureus
Symptoms of pneumonia + red currant jelly Sputum + Alcoholic or Diabetes patients + cavitary lesion in upper lobe =
โ๏ธKlebsiella pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + SIADH (โฌ๏ธNa) + H/O of using hot water tanks =
โ๏ธLegionella pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + Hemolytic anemia (positive cold agglutinins test) + GBS + Erythema multiform =
โ๏ธMycoplasma pneumonia
ู ูู ุงุงุงุงุงุงุช ููุจุง ุชุจุชููู ๐๐ช
Symptoms of pneumonia + Rust-colored sputum+H/O herps libials =
โ๏ธSterptococcus pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + yellow to green Sputum + H/O common cold (flu) =
โ๏ธStaph.aureus
Symptoms of pneumonia + red currant jelly Sputum + Alcoholic or Diabetes patients + cavitary lesion in upper lobe =
โ๏ธKlebsiella pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + SIADH (โฌ๏ธNa) + H/O of using hot water tanks =
โ๏ธLegionella pneumonia
Symptoms of pneumonia + Hemolytic anemia (positive cold agglutinins test) + GBS + Erythema multiform =
โ๏ธMycoplasma pneumonia
ู ูู ุงุงุงุงุงุงุช ููุจุง ุชุจุชููู ๐๐ช
โค17๐2
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
โ๏ธIndication of steroids in sarcoidosis ๐
โค3