📝drugs that cause sidroplastic anaemia
( ALI)

A- Alcohol
L- Lead
I- Isoniazide

📝poor prognosis HL
( HALW SAM )

H- HB <10
A- Albumin <40
L- leukopenia
W- WBC >15×10^3
S- Stage 4
A- Age >45
M- Male gender

📝poor prognosis NHL
( BAD LM )

B- ⬆️B2 microglobulin
A- Age >65
D- coexcit Disease
L- ⬆️LDH
M- Metastisis

📝poor prognosis multiple myeloma
( ABCH )

A-albumin<40
B- ⬆️B2microglobulin
C- ⬆️creatinine
H- HB<10

🟨Genetic inheritance in hematological diseases

G6P deficiency + Hemophilia ➡️ X linked recessive

HS + VWD ➡️ AD

Sickle cell anemia and Thalassemia ➡️
AR

#Important_notes 📝

لما تجي بتقرا باطنة للامتحان و ل لحظة تلقى روحك ناسي الشرح و ال pathogenesis و معاش فيه وقت للفيديوات من أول و جديد😂

🟪key points 📝
#Nephrology

Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome + H/O HIV or Heroin = focal segmental

Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome+ H/O
HBV or Malignancies = Membranous nephrophaty

Symptoms of nephritic syndrome + H/O hemoptysis and cavitary lung lesion = Good pasture disease

Symptoms of nephritic syndrome + H/O URTI (3 to 5 days) = Ig A nephrophty

Symptoms of nephritic syndrome + H/O URTI or sore throat (2 to 6 wks) = post streptococcal

🟨What is the characteristic finding in renal biopsy of pt with Post streptococcal gleumerulonephritis ?


➡️lumby bumby appeance

🟨Good pasture disease and Role of G
➡️
Ig G
anti Glomerular memberane antibodies

#pearls_in_nephrology

⚠️ #association_of
👉“flash” pulmonary oedema
👁sudden onset breathlessness
👁cough frothy pink sputum
👉hypertension in young patient (˂ 50 y)
👉no obvious cardiovascular risk factors
#Think #RAS fibromuscular dysplasia

#Do MR Angiograghy
#TTT: Angioplasty.

#Pearls_in_Nephrology

#IgA_nephropathy
👉commonest cause of glomerulonephritis
👉common during the 2nd; 3rd decade of life.
👉commonly occurs #within 2 days of an onset of an URTI (sore throat, pharyngitis).
👉#normal_C3
👉diagnosed by a renal biopsy
(mesangial IgA deposition).
👉There is considerable #overlap with #HSP
(arthritis, rash, abdominal pain,
nephritis)

#Presentations:
➡️Young male ;more common in males
➡️Recurrent episodes of
painless macroscopic haematuria
➡️within 24-48 hours after URTI
(sore throat, pharyngitis).
➡️may present with proteinuria, renal failure
or hypertension.
➡️ #Good_prognosis
with normal BP, renal function and absence
of proteinuria at presentation.

#Management:
🧐treatment is conservative.
🧐 #If the proteinuria is < 3 g/day
➡️ACEIs used to reduce progression of
proteinuria.
🧐 #If nephrotic range proteinuria (>3 g/day)
➡️8-12 week course of prednisolone.
🧐 #If crescenteric nephritis on biopsy
➡️IV pulse steroid + cyclophosphamide.

#Pearls_in_Nephrology

#Post_streptococcal_glomerulonephritis
👉associated with low complement (C3).
👉Main symptom in is proteinuria
(haematuria can occur).
👉typical interval 1_3 weeks
between URTI (sore throat)
and the onset of renal problems
👉#Renal_biopsy Not required.
➡️LM: wire-loop lesion
➡️EM: Humps in the subepitheilal space.

#Clinical_Pearls📝

🎯High calcium + low PTH + normal ALP
= 🧐 #Malignancy

🎯High calcium +high phosphate + normal ALP
=🧐 #Multiple Myeloma

🎯High Calcium + high Phosphate + high ALP
= 🧐 #Bone_metastasis

🎯High calcium + low phosphate + high ALP
= 🧐 #Primary_Hyperparathyroidism

🎯Low calcium + low phosphate + high ALP
=🧐 #Osteomalacia/#vitamin_D_defienancy

🎯Low calcium + high phosphate + Normal ALP
= 🧐 #Hypoparathyroidism

🎯Normal calcium +Normal Phosphate + normal ALP
= 🧐 #Osteoporosis

🎯Normal calcium + normal Phosphate + high ALP
=🧐 #Paget_disease_of_bone

@NaplexStudyGuide
Clinical Indications of Desmopressin📝

◾️ diabetes insipidus
◾️ nocturnal enuresis
◾️ hemophilia A
◾️ von Willebrand disease
◾️ high blood urea

Test For 《Rhabdomyolysis》🔻

🔵Creatine kinase➡+Ve
🔵Urine myoglobin
🔵⬆Lactate dehydrogenase
🔵⬆Serum K
🔵⬆Prothrombin time
🔵Urine ➡+Ve blood

#Indications_of_Steroids_in_TB:

📝Pericarditis +/- Myocarditis
📝Meningitis
📝Adrenalitis
📝Uveitis
📝Paradoxical response
📝Endobronchial LN compression/impending rupture

#B12 deficiency anemia

📝Causes
Vegetarian
Pernicious anemia
Ileal disease/ Chrons
Short Bowel syndrome

📝Dx
CBC➡️Macrocytic anemia
Peripheral blood film➡️Hyperpigmented neutrophils (MCQ مهمة هلبا)

#AML (M3)📝

Good prognosis
Characterised by DIC and Gum bleeding
Treated by / ATRA

#Thalassemia and SCA and Hb electrophoresis 📝

🟨Thalassemia➡️Hb F + Hb A2
🟨SCA ➡️ Hb S + Hb F

#Meylofibrosis📝

🩺presentation/ pancytopenia , old age

🩺DX
🟨PBF➡️ tear drop poikilocytes
🟨BM aspiration ➡️Dry tap
🟨BM biopsy ➡️ excessive proliferation of megakaryocytes