Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag
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MBBCh ,Tripoli University๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“
GP at TUH๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ
Studies arab and Libyan board of internal medicine specialists ๐Ÿฉบ
Medical educator at https://t.me/New_Minds_Edu๐Ÿ’ป
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ .๐Ÿ’Š๐Ÿ’‰
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#CNS
โžก๏ธMotor examination
ุงูƒุซุฑ ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠ UMNL

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD
1_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic )
MCC
2_Tumer
3_Trauma
4_Infection
5_Inflammation_MS

~ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
Non contrast CT
MRI
ECG
ECHO
Carotid duplex
CBC
ESR___if high / ู†ุจุนุช ุญุชู‰ ANA , Antids
RBS , HBA1c
Lipid profile
Coagulation profile
LFT
RFT
CSF examination
Oligoclonal IgG
...........................
โžก๏ธCerebellar examination

ุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏูŠู†ู‚ ุญ ุชูƒูˆู† signs of ataxia

~ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ DD ุŸ

A_Congenital
1_spinocerebellar ataxia
2_freidreich ataxia
3_a beta lipoproteinemia
4_ataxic telagectasia
B_Acquired
1_Trauma
2_tumer
3_infection
4_Inflammation/ MS
5_Vascular ( ischemic, hemorrhagic)
6_Alcohol, phenyton toxicity
7_Autoimmune ( SCC , Celiac)
8_Hypothyroidism
9_Vit B deficiency _ especially B12

~ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ investigations ุŸ
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡

Vit B 12 level
Blood film
TSH
Free T4


โžก๏ธ Crainal nerve examination

ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ูŠุจูŠูƒ ุงุฏูŠุฑู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุฑุงุช ุจุณ ูŠุจูŠ 7 ุจุฑูˆุญู‡ ุงูˆ 3 ูˆ 4 ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุณูƒุดู† ุนุงู„ุงุบู„ุจ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ facial nerve palsy ูˆ ุดู† ุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ุŸ
๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of upper facial nerve palsy
1_ Trauma
2_ Tumer
3_ Infection
4_ Inflammation/ MS
5_ Vascular/ Stroke

ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ investigations ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุชุน ุงู„ UMNL


๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy (Unilateral )
1_ Bells palsy
2_ DM
3_ Post acoustic neuroma surgery
4_ Ramsy hunt syndrome
5_ OM
6_Parotid tumer

๐Ÿ”ธ๏ธCauses of lower facial nerve palsy( Bilateral )
2L , 2 syndrome
1_ leprosy
2_ lyme disease
3_ fisherman syndrome (part of GBS)
4_ Heerfords syndrome (part of sarcidosis)
โค9๐Ÿ‘1๐Ÿฅฐ1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
#CNS๐Ÿง 
#bedside_notes๐Ÿ“
ุฏ.ุฌู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุงุฑูˆู†ูŠ

How to examine mental status of pt ?

ุดู†ูˆ ุฅุณู…ูƒุŸ
ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชูˆุง ( ุตุจุญ ุŒ ุนุดูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ูŠู„ ) ุŸ
ูˆูŠู† ุงู†ุช ุชูˆุง ุŸ
**ูุฑุถุงู‹ ุนุฑู ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŒ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ุนู„ุงุด ุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŸ
ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŸ
**ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุงู‡ Relative ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุŸ
**(ูุฑุถุงู‹ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆู„ุฏู‡ ) ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ‘‡
ูˆู„ุฏูƒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุŒ ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ูƒู… ุŸ!
ุชูˆุฑูŠู‡ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชู„ูŠููˆู† ูˆ ู„ุง ุจูŠุฑูˆ ูˆ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุดู†ูˆ ุŸ
ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุนุฏ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ (ุนุดุฑุฉ / ุชุณุนุฉ .....)
ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ (ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุนู…ูŠ ู…ู„ุญู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุงุฑุฉ ุŸ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช )
NB:- 1st 3 Questions to assess the orientation for time , place and person .

ุจุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚ .๐Ÿ’™๐Ÿ’œ
๐Ÿ‘5๐Ÿ”ฅ1
Forwarded from ุจูˆุช ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ๐Ÿ“ค
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Macleod's examination of the sensory system of the lower limbs
Forwarded from ุจูˆุช ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ๐Ÿ“ค
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Macleod's examination of the sensory system of the upper limbs
Forwarded from Doha Ali Rawaq
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
Facial Nerve examination ๐Ÿ˜‚
๐Ÿ˜16๐Ÿ‘4โค1
Forwarded from Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag (Doha Ali Rawaq)
How to examine pt with parkinson ๐Ÿ‘‡

โ—ฝ ุชุจุฏุง ุจุงู„Face. ๐Ÿง‘

1_ ุงุฏูŠุฑู„ู‡ test for eye movement ๐Ÿ‘€
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ูŠุจุฏุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… impaired eye movement ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ up gaze ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ Bradykynesia )

2_ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุจุชุณู… ๐Ÿ˜ƒ
โฌ…๏ธ (ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ Mask face ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ bradykynesia )

3_ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ( ู…ุชู„ุงู‹ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ) ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุตูˆุช ูˆุงุชูŠ๐Ÿ—ฃ
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู„ูŠ ูˆ ูŠูˆุทูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ู…ุชุนู‡ monotonous speech ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ Bradykynesia )

โ—ฝุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ Hand ๐Ÿ‘

1_ ุชุดูˆู ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Tremor ุงูˆ ู„ุง
โฌ…๏ธ(ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ูŠุจุฏุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ Resting or static tremor )

2_ ุชุนุทูŠู‡ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠูƒุชุจ ๐Ÿ“
โฌ…๏ธ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡parkinson ุงู„ุฎุท ู…ุชุนู‡ ูŠุจุฏุง ุตุบูŠุฑ Microgaphia )

3_ ุงุฏูŠุฑ test for ms tone
โฌ…๏ธ ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hypertonia / Rigidity )

โ—ฝ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ lower limb

1_ ุงุฏูŠุฑ Test for ms tone
โฌ…๏ธ ( ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ parkinson ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ Hypertonia / Rigidity )

2_ ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠู…ุดูŠ assess the gait ุŒ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุŒ ูŠุชู„ูุช ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูŠูˆู‚ู .๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ
โฌ…๏ธ (pt with parkinson have Shuffling gait , difficult to start , difficult to stop , difficult to turns around / Due to Bradykynesia )
โค14๐Ÿ‘2
ู…ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ

ูƒูŠู ุญุงู„ูƒู… ุŸ

ู‡ู„ุจุง ุจุนุชูˆู„ูŠ ุชุจูˆุง ูƒูˆุฑุณ ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ FindingsุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุนุทูŠ

ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชูƒูŠูŠู ุชุนุจ ู‡ู„ุจุง ุนุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุชุญู…ู„ูˆุด ู„ู„ุฃุณู.๐Ÿ˜ข

ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุฎุงููˆุด ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠู†ูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑู‡ุจุชู‡ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจู‡ู„ุจุง

ุจุงุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุชุฌุงุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ูˆูู‚ูŠู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ .๐Ÿค
โค19๐Ÿ˜ญ14๐Ÿ’”5๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ™1
ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุฒุญู…ุฉ ูˆ ู†ูˆูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุด ู…ุชุญู…ู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ูŠุดูˆููˆู‡ู…

ุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุชุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ OPD ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฏ ุญูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูƒู… ู„ุง

Cardio
ุชู„ู‚ูˆุง ุญุงู„ุงุช metallic click

Rheuma
For Rheumatoid hand
ู‡ุงุฏูˆ ุนูŠุงุฏุงุชู‡ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุฎู…ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ

Endocrine
For thyroid enlargement
ุนูŠุงุฏุงุชู‡ู… ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุณ ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ

Cardiac surgery
For murmurs
ุทุจุนุง ุบุงุฏูŠ ุชูƒูŠูŠู ูˆ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ู ู…ุด ุญูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ุง

ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูŠุฉ ุชุจุชูˆุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ DD ูˆ ุงู„ Investigations ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุดูŠุช ู…ุชุนูŠ


ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจูŠ ูŠูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐Ÿคฒ
โค31๐Ÿ‘8๐Ÿฅฐ1
๐ŸŸชCranial nerve examination

CN 1 (Olfactory)
ุชุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒู… ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ูˆ ู„ุง ู†ุนู†ุงุน ุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุบู…ุถ ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุณูƒุฑ Rt nostril ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ูŠุดู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุŒ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ Lt

CN 2 (Optic)
ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฏุงุด๐ŸŽŠ

CN 3 , 4 , 6
Test for light reflex
Test for eye movement

CN 5
โ—ฝ๏ธSensory
ุชูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุบุฏูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ุทู† ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฏุจุจุฉ
โ—ฝ๏ธMotor
ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู†ูˆู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠุฏูŠูƒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนุงู„
maseter ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ temporalis ms
Ms resistant of jaw
ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
โ—ฝ๏ธReflex
Jaw reflex
Glabbellar reflex
Corneal reflex (Just mension)

CN 7
Inspect for โžก๏ธ forehead wrinkles, nasolabial fold , moth angle (depression+ deviation)
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ููˆู‚
1 ู‚ูŠู… ุญูˆุงุฌุจูƒ
2 ุงู‚ุฑู† ุญูˆุงุฌุจูƒ
3 ุณูƒุฑ ุนูŠูˆู†ูƒ ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠุด ู†ูุชุญู‡ู…

ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุญุช
1ุนุจูŠ ูู…ูƒ ู‡ูˆุงุก
2 ุงู†ูุฎ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุตุจุนูŠ
3 ูˆุฑูŠู†ูŠ ุณู†ูˆู†ูƒ

CN 8
ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฏุงุฑุด๐ŸŽŠ

CN 9 + 10
Ask pt to open his mouth and Inspect the uvula (Centralized or deviated)
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฎูˆุฏ ุฒูˆุฒ tounge depressor ููŠ ุงูŠุฏูƒ ูˆ ุชู„ูุช ู„ู„ู…ู…ุชุญู† ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡
I would like to do gag reflex

CN 12
Ask pt to protrude his tongue and Inspect forโžก๏ธ atrophy, tremor , deviation
Do tongue ms resistant

CN 11
Ask pt to turn his neck once to the LT side and resist his movement
ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
Ask pt to elevate his shoulders and resist his movement .
โค31๐Ÿ”ฅ8๐Ÿ‘2๐Ÿ‘2
ูŠุง ุฏูƒุงุชุฑุฉ

ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ examination ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูƒุงุชุจุชู‡ู… ููˆู‚ ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู‚ุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุจูˆุณุชุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุงุด ู…ุง ูŠููˆุชูƒู… ุดูŠ

ูƒู„ ุณูŠุณุชู… ูƒุงุชุจุฉ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู…ุชู„ุฉ ๐Ÿ“
ุชุจุชู„ูƒู… ุงูˆู„ ุจูˆุณุช ๐Ÿ“

ู…ูˆูู‚ูŠู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐Ÿ™
ุงุฏุนูˆู„ูŠ๐Ÿค
โค30๐Ÿ”ฅ5
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชCVS examination Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธInspection Inspect the chest for deformity, scars , visible pulsation, visible dilated veins , anyโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชAbdominal examination Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธInspection Inspect for abdominal symmetry, abdominal distension , ask the patient to takeโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชChest examination from the back Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธInspection Inspec the chest for any deformity , scars (lateral thoracotomy scar โ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชGeneral examination Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธGeneral look A / appearance B / bulit C / conscious level S / skin (clour , rash , bruciesโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชRheumatoid hand examination Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธInspection Inspection for joint swelling, deformity, redness, Ms atrophy, palmer erythemaโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸช Thyroid examination โžก๏ธInspection Inspent the swelling and comment on (5 S) Site Size Shape Skin over (scars , redness) โžก๏ธPalpation Palpable for hotness and tenderness Palpable the mass and comment on Site Size Shape Surface Consistency Is it attachedโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชMotor examination LL Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene โžก๏ธInspection Inspect for asymmetry ,ms wasting, deformity, abnormal posture, abnormal movementโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸช Coordination Initial approuch to the patient, introduce yourself, explain what are you going to do , take permission , ask about pain , hand hygiene Ask the patient to say a short sentence to assess if patient has dysarteria or not Test for eye nystagmusโ€ฆยป
Internal Medicine By Doha Rawag pinned ยซ๐ŸŸชCranial nerve examination CN 1 (Olfactory) ุชุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู…ุนุงูƒู… ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ูˆ ู„ุง ู†ุนู†ุงุน ุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุบู…ุถ ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุณูƒุฑ Rt nostril ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุจู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุฃู„ู‡ ูŠุดู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุŒ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ Lt CN 2 (Optic) ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฏุงุด๐ŸŽŠ CN 3 , 4 , 6 Test for light reflexโ€ฆยป