Sarani reservoir is a reservoir in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Recently, an exotic beetle, Cyrtobagous salviniae introduced into this reservoir to eradicate the weed salvinia molesta. It is located on the Tawa River, a tributary of the Narmada River.
UPSC PRELIMS 2026 pinned «Sarani reservoir is a reservoir in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. Recently, an exotic beetle, Cyrtobagous salviniae introduced into this reservoir to eradicate the weed salvinia molesta. It is located on the Tawa River, a tributary of the Narmada River.»
Polymetallic nodules are made of rare metals, including copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese, which is why companies are interested in mining them. It turns out, according to the study, that those densely packed metals are likely triggering “seawater electrolysis.” This means that metal ions in the rock layers are distributed unevenly, creating a separation of electrical charges—just like what happens inside of a battery. This phenomenon creates enough energy to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. They named this “dark oxygen,” since it’s oxygen made with no sunlight. What remains unclear is the exact mechanism of how this happens, if oxygen levels vary across the CCZ, and if the oxygen plays a significant role in sustaining the local ecosystem
💐Indian women's cricket team won their first-ever ICC Women's ODI World Cup on November 2, 2025, by defeating South Africa by 52 runs in the final at the DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai.
Shafali Verma scored 87 runs, while Deepti Sharma took key wickets, leading India to a total of 298/7
💁🏻♂️Mithali Raj, a legendary former captain and highest run-scorer in women's international cricket, was appointed as a member of the ICC Women's Cricket Committee in 2026. In this role, she helps shape the global competitive landscape and policies of women’s cricket, leveraging her 23-year career, including leading India to two World Cup finals
In the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup final, South Africa's Laura Wolvaardt scored the highest, making 101 runs off 98 balls in a losing effort against India. India won their maiden World Cup title by 52 runs at Navi Mumbai, led by 87 from Shafali Verma and 58 from Deepti Sharma.
🔡 In the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup, Deepti Sharma made history by becoming the first player—male or female—to achieve the rare double of scoring 200+ runs and taking 20+ wickets in a single edition
Inaugural Winner: England won the first tournament in 1973.
Most Titles: Australia has won the most Women's World Cups.
2025 Edition: India secured their first title, defeating South Africa in the final held at home, making them the fourth team to win the World Cup, notes this YouTube video.
Shafali Verma scored 87 runs, while Deepti Sharma took key wickets, leading India to a total of 298/7
💁🏻♂️Mithali Raj, a legendary former captain and highest run-scorer in women's international cricket, was appointed as a member of the ICC Women's Cricket Committee in 2026. In this role, she helps shape the global competitive landscape and policies of women’s cricket, leveraging her 23-year career, including leading India to two World Cup finals
In the 2025 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup final, South Africa's Laura Wolvaardt scored the highest, making 101 runs off 98 balls in a losing effort against India. India won their maiden World Cup title by 52 runs at Navi Mumbai, led by 87 from Shafali Verma and 58 from Deepti Sharma.
Inaugural Winner: England won the first tournament in 1973.
Most Titles: Australia has won the most Women's World Cups.
2025 Edition: India secured their first title, defeating South Africa in the final held at home, making them the fourth team to win the World Cup, notes this YouTube video.
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The ICC Men's Cricket World Cup is a premier international One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament held every four years. Australia is the most successful team, winning six titles (1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2023). Australia is the defending champion, having defeated India in the 2023 final
💁♀️Most Successful: Australia (6 titles).
Other Winners: West Indies (1975, 1979), India (1983, 2011), Pakistan (1992), Sri Lanka (1996), England (2019).
💁♀️Most Successful: Australia (6 titles).
Other Winners: West Indies (1975, 1979), India (1983, 2011), Pakistan (1992), Sri Lanka (1996), England (2019).
DISASTER MANAGEMENT (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2025
🌿Karnataka has constituted UDMA for Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike.
🌿address the issue of urban disaster risk management and have a focused approach towards urban issues, an enabling provision ‘41A’ has been made through amendment in the Disaster Management Act, 2005, empowering the State Governments to constitute Urban Disaster Management Authority (UDMA) in State Capitals and all cities having Municipal Corporation (excluding NCT of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh) for dealing with city specific disasters more effectively.
😎 The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) was launched by the Prime Minister at the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York on September 23, 2019. So far, 53 countries and 12 international organizations have joined as its members.
🌿Karnataka has constituted UDMA for Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike.
🌿address the issue of urban disaster risk management and have a focused approach towards urban issues, an enabling provision ‘41A’ has been made through amendment in the Disaster Management Act, 2005, empowering the State Governments to constitute Urban Disaster Management Authority (UDMA) in State Capitals and all cities having Municipal Corporation (excluding NCT of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh) for dealing with city specific disasters more effectively.
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🌿India is the world’s second-largest fish producer, contributing 8% to global output, ranks second in aquaculture production, leads in shrimp production and export, and is the second-largest producer in capture fisheries.
🌴Blue Revolution, Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF), Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PMMKSSY).
🌿Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) is designed to catalyse growth in 100 Agri Aspirational districts. The scheme ensures saturation-based convergence of 36 schemes from 11 ministries, benefiting 1.7 crore farmers directly including the Department of Fisheries schemes namely PMMSY, PMMKSSY and Kisan Credit Card for Fisheries Sector. The scheme aims to promote sustainable growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sector by enhancing production, productivity, and value creation. It seeks to improve incomes and livelihoods of fishers and fish farmers through risk mitigation, credit access, and expansion of aquaculture activities.
🥶A Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is a land-based, controlled-environment technology that rears fish in high-density tanks by continuously filtering and reusing up to 90–99% of the water. It utilizes mechanical filtration for solid removal and biological filtration to convert toxic ammonia into nitrate, maintaining optimal water quality for accelerated growth while minimizing land and water use
🫰 Biofloc technology is a system of aquaculture that uses "microbial biotechnology to increase the efficacy and utilization of fish feeds, where toxic materials such as nitrogen components are treated and converted to a useful product, like a protein for using as supplementary feeds to the fish and crustaceans
🌴Blue Revolution, Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF), Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PMMKSSY).
🌿Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) is designed to catalyse growth in 100 Agri Aspirational districts. The scheme ensures saturation-based convergence of 36 schemes from 11 ministries, benefiting 1.7 crore farmers directly including the Department of Fisheries schemes namely PMMSY, PMMKSSY and Kisan Credit Card for Fisheries Sector. The scheme aims to promote sustainable growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sector by enhancing production, productivity, and value creation. It seeks to improve incomes and livelihoods of fishers and fish farmers through risk mitigation, credit access, and expansion of aquaculture activities.
🥶A Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is a land-based, controlled-environment technology that rears fish in high-density tanks by continuously filtering and reusing up to 90–99% of the water. It utilizes mechanical filtration for solid removal and biological filtration to convert toxic ammonia into nitrate, maintaining optimal water quality for accelerated growth while minimizing land and water use
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Inland saline-alkaline culture converts unproductive salt-affected inland, groundwater, and wastelands into productive aquaculture zones, mainly for Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) and tilapia.
🐦🔥By managing ionic imbalances—low potassium/high magnesium—this sustainable method turns barren land into "wealth land" while alleviating pressure on coastal ecosystems.
💐Technological Support: Support includes technology, training, and training for farmers in nutrient management and disease control, supported in India under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
🐦🔥By managing ionic imbalances—low potassium/high magnesium—this sustainable method turns barren land into "wealth land" while alleviating pressure on coastal ecosystems.
💐Technological Support: Support includes technology, training, and training for farmers in nutrient management and disease control, supported in India under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
UPSC PRELIMS 2026
Inland saline-alkaline culture converts unproductive salt-affected inland, groundwater, and wastelands into productive aquaculture zones, mainly for Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) and tilapia. 🐦🔥By managing ionic imbalances—low potassium/high magnesium—this…
Water & Soil Treatment
Gypsum (CaSO₄) added
👉 reduces alkalinity (replaces sodium with calcium)
Organic manure added
👉 improves soil structure + microbial activity
Gypsum (CaSO₄) added
👉 reduces alkalinity (replaces sodium with calcium)
Organic manure added
👉 improves soil structure + microbial activity
Kisan Credit Card (KCC): The Government of India with effect from the financial year 2018-19 has extended the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) facility to fishers and fish famers to help them to meet their working capital requirements. A total of 4.49 lakh KCCs with a loan amount of Rs 3569.60 crore has been sanctioned, till date to fishers and fish farmers.
Coldwater fisheries clusters in India, notably in Jammu & Kashmir (Anantnag), Uttarakhand (Pithoragarh), and Himachal Pradesh (Kullu), are specialized zones developed under PMMSY to enhance trout and mahseer production.
🍀 Murrel production and processing cluster is established in Telangana’s Mancherial district under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) to boost the production of high-value snakehead fish
😉 World Fisheries Day 2025 with the theme India’s Blue Transformation: Strengthening Value Addition in Seafood Exports on 21st November 2025,
On National Fish Farmer Day 2025 on 10th July 2025,
🍀 Murrel production and processing cluster is established in Telangana’s Mancherial district under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) to boost the production of high-value snakehead fish
On National Fish Farmer Day 2025 on 10th July 2025,
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