he GASBOL pipeline (Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline) is the longest natural gas pipeline in South America, spanning roughly 3,150 km (about 1,957 miles) from Bolivia’s Rio Grande region to Porto Alegre in southern Brazil.
The Cuvette Centrale peatlands in the Congo Basin constitute the world's largest tropical peatland complex, spanning approximately \(167,600\text{ km}^2\) across the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
🐦🔥😎 Global Peatlands Initiative GPI is multi-partner United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) initiative launched at the Global Landscapes Forum in Marrakesh in 2016. It is effort by leading experts and institutions to save peatlands as the world’s largest terrestrial organic carbon stock and to prevent it being emitted into the atmosphere.
🦇The Global Peatlands Initiative (GPI) is a multi-partner initiative led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) that was launched at the Global Landscapes Forum during the UNFCCC COP22 in Marrakesh in November 2016
🍃Brazzaville declaration
It aims to implement coordination and cooperation between different government sectors to protect the benefits provided by peatland ecosystems. It also recognizes the importance of the scientific breakthrough of mapping the world’s largest tropical peatland area.
🐦🔥
🦇The Global Peatlands Initiative (GPI) is a multi-partner initiative led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) that was launched at the Global Landscapes Forum during the UNFCCC COP22 in Marrakesh in November 2016
🍃Brazzaville declaration
It aims to implement coordination and cooperation between different government sectors to protect the benefits provided by peatland ecosystems. It also recognizes the importance of the scientific breakthrough of mapping the world’s largest tropical peatland area.
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The Pantanal is the world’s largest tropical wetland and flooded grassland, covering roughly 140,000 to 195,000 \(\text{km}^{2}\) primarily in Brazil, with parts in Bolivia and Paraguay. As a UNESCO World Heritage site, it acts as a, massive, biodiversity hotspot, famous for high concentrations of jaguars, caimans, and migratory birds
💐Air parcels at the poles are dry due to extremely low temperatures reducing moisture-holding capacity, combined with subsiding high-pressure conditions and minimal evaporation
Rainfall. Warmer air can hold more water vapor: the theoretical maximum water vapor content is given by the Clausius–Clapeyron relation, which yields ≈7% increase in water vapor in the atmosphere per 1 °C warming.
Rainfall. Warmer air can hold more water vapor: the theoretical maximum water vapor content is given by the Clausius–Clapeyron relation, which yields ≈7% increase in water vapor in the atmosphere per 1 °C warming.
Forwarded from PRELIMS 2025
The Salt Range is a mountain range in the north of Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends along the south of the Potohar Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River.
🪴Bahlul Lodi Pg.no 113 old ncert
🪴Bahlul Lodi Pg.no 113 old ncert
Forwarded from PRELIMS 2025 (SP)
Satluj and Beas rivers confluence at Harike, also known as Hari-ke-Pattan, in the Punjab state of India
Kolleru Lake is a natural freshwater lake that is not formed by a single river, but rather it sits between the deltas of the Krishna and Godavari rivers
🌴Additionally, the lake is directly fed by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers.
Kolleru Lake is a natural freshwater lake that is not formed by a single river, but rather it sits between the deltas of the Krishna and Godavari rivers
🌴Additionally, the lake is directly fed by the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers.
🌴The agarwood tree (Aquilaria malaccensis), renowned for its resinous heartwood (oud), is primarily native to the tropical forests of Northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and parts of Southeast Asia
💐India currently has around 150 million agarwood trees, nearly 90% of which are located in the Northeastern states. Through this scheme, Tripura’s production capacity is expected to increase by up to 50%.
😄 therapeutic properties in ancient Ayurvedic texts, including the Charaka Samhita. It is also mentioned in the 5th century CE poetry of Kalidasa
🍀Agarwood figured in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
🤩 👉 “By submitting a Non-Detriment Finding, India demonstrated that agarwood trade is sustainable, thereby avoiding scrutiny under CITES’ Review of Significant Trade and enabling regulated export quotas.”
💐India currently has around 150 million agarwood trees, nearly 90% of which are located in the Northeastern states. Through this scheme, Tripura’s production capacity is expected to increase by up to 50%.
🍀Agarwood figured in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
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The Only Ape in India: The Hoolock gibbon is the only ape found in India, specifically in the northeastern states.Species Breakdown: There are two main types of Hoolock gibbons:Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock): Found west of the Dibang River.Eastern Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys): Found in Arunachal Pradesh and parts of Assam.
🍀he Hollong Forest (often referred to as Hollong Tourist Lodge area) is located deep inside the Jaldapara National Park in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal, India. It is renowned for its dense forest, the Hollong River, and as a prime spot for viewing one-horned rhinoceroses and elephants in their natural habitat
🍀he Hollong Forest (often referred to as Hollong Tourist Lodge area) is located deep inside the Jaldapara National Park in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal, India. It is renowned for its dense forest, the Hollong River, and as a prime spot for viewing one-horned rhinoceroses and elephants in their natural habitat
Ansupa Lake is a freshwater oxbow lake located on the left bank of the Mahanadi River near the town of Banki in Cuttack district, in the Indian state of Odisha. It is the largest freshwater lake in Odisha and one of the Ramsar wetlands of international importance in India.
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Beach sand minerals (BSMs) are a suite of seven heavy, industrially valuable minerals found in coastal sediments: ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, zircon, garnet, sillimanite, and monazite. These minerals are concentrated by wave action and are crucial sources of titanium, zirconium, and rare earth elements, used in paints, ceramics, and aerospace, often along the Indian coast
🍃Guatemala is the world's largest producer and exporter of cardamom, supplying over 50% of the global market.
😍 Cardamom originates from the lush, evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in Southern India. Known as the "Spice Coast," this region, particularly Kerala, is the native home of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). Today, while India remains a top producer, the largest exporter is Guatemala, with significant production also in Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
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🦅Mahabaleshwar
Famous hill station in Western Ghats
Origin of Krishna River
High rainfall zone
👉 Trimbakeshwar
📌 Key Points:
One of the 12 Jyotirlingas
Located near Brahmagiri Hills
Origin of Godavari River
👉 Kalsubai Peak
📌 Key Points:
Highest peak in Maharashtra (≈ 1646 m)
Located in Sahyadri (Western Ghats)
Famous trekking peak
😄 Kudremukh
Means “horse face” mountain
Located in Western Ghats
Known for:
Iron ore deposits
Kudremukh National Park
👉 Doddabetta
Highest peak in Nilgiri Hills
Height ≈ 2637 m
Near Ooty
👉 Baba Budan Giri
Hill range in Chikkamagaluru
Famous for introduction of coffee to India
Named after Sufi saint Baba Budan
🔡 Mullayanagiri is the highest peak in Karnataka, India, located in the Chandra Dhrona Hill Ranges of the Western Ghats (Chikkamagaluru district) at an altitude of 1,930 meters (6,330 ft).
💐🟢 Final Order (North → South)
👉 Kalsubai → Mahabaleshwar → Kudremukh → Baba Budan Giri → Doddabetta
Famous hill station in Western Ghats
Origin of Krishna River
High rainfall zone
👉 Trimbakeshwar
📌 Key Points:
One of the 12 Jyotirlingas
Located near Brahmagiri Hills
Origin of Godavari River
👉 Kalsubai Peak
📌 Key Points:
Highest peak in Maharashtra (≈ 1646 m)
Located in Sahyadri (Western Ghats)
Famous trekking peak
Means “horse face” mountain
Located in Western Ghats
Known for:
Iron ore deposits
Kudremukh National Park
👉 Doddabetta
Highest peak in Nilgiri Hills
Height ≈ 2637 m
Near Ooty
👉 Baba Budan Giri
Hill range in Chikkamagaluru
Famous for introduction of coffee to India
Named after Sufi saint Baba Budan
💐🟢 Final Order (North → South)
👉 Kalsubai → Mahabaleshwar → Kudremukh → Baba Budan Giri → Doddabetta
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