7 Tips for Having a Healthy Life and a Healthy Mind
Leading busy lives, many people sometimes overlook how to run a healthy life that can affect the mind positively and directly. If you’re looking for ways on how to do better when it comes to improving your health, mind and life, you can check out the following for some tips to achieve this goal.
1. Sleep well
A good night of sleep daily is equal to good health and for reasons. Sleeping can make you energetic and alert and feel better. A quality sleep also leads to better concentration and focus to finish your daily tasks.
For this reason, you should aim to get sufficient sleepto improve your biological function and body functions, including brain development and physical repair and recovery.
Sleeping well also reduces stress levels and keeps it under control, lowering your risk of chronic diseases related to it, such as high blood pressure anddiabetes.
With proper sleep, you also improve your appetite and reduce chances of stress eating. So if you want to avoid the risk of becoming overweight, take full hours of sleep.
2. Spend quality time with loved ones and friends
Enjoying some laughs with friends and loved ones does not just make you happy but also healthy. It can make you feel better, reducing stress levels, and help you live a more satisfying life.
Spending time with loved ones and friends do not just also give you a balanced life but one filled with happiness. And by having fun and lighthearted moments on a daily basis, you’re able to deal with tough challenges because you maintain positive emotions.
Social interaction and spending time with othersmay also lengthen your life because having a good relationship with loved ones and friends also contribute to positive health effects. Importantly, it also improves your psychological well-being because of the emotional support that social ties bring into your life.
3. Develop yourself in the fields of the soul
If there is food for the brain and the body, there is also food for the soul. Nourishing and developing yourself in the fields of the soul can lead to a more fulfilling life.
Being spiritually healthy, you can step out of the body and mind and connect with your truest self, one of the keys to happiness. You should desire to grow spiritually, and a few practices include meditation, prayer, stillness, pondering, mindfulness and yoga.
4. Take care of both physical & mental
Looking after both these aspects, you’ll live a healthy life and have a healthy mind. To take care of your mental health, you should train your brain, which is like a muscle that needs constant exercise; otherwise, it will decline in function and lose its tone. In addition, you should take care of your physical health to prevent disease and live a more productivelife.
A few ways to take care of physical and mental health include exercising regularly, reading widely and often, boosting your vitamin B levels and challenging your memory and intellect. Time for relaxation is also a good way of taking care of your mental and physical health because it lowers cortisol or stress hormone levels.
5. Don’t let small “flaws” ruin your life
Your attitude is everything because how you perceive and explain your world affects your life. Never let small flaws such as moles, uneven skin tone, large waistline, stuttering or speech issues, among others, ruin it.
If you want to achieve real happiness and live a healthy mind and body, you should not let your flaws put you down, but look for solutions to fix them.
For example, have a private speech therapyif you have stuttering or speech problems. This therapy will help you achieve fluent speech, better life quality and greater self-esteem. By being able to express yourself fluently, you will notice an improvement on your self-esteem and confidence.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
Leading busy lives, many people sometimes overlook how to run a healthy life that can affect the mind positively and directly. If you’re looking for ways on how to do better when it comes to improving your health, mind and life, you can check out the following for some tips to achieve this goal.
1. Sleep well
A good night of sleep daily is equal to good health and for reasons. Sleeping can make you energetic and alert and feel better. A quality sleep also leads to better concentration and focus to finish your daily tasks.
For this reason, you should aim to get sufficient sleepto improve your biological function and body functions, including brain development and physical repair and recovery.
Sleeping well also reduces stress levels and keeps it under control, lowering your risk of chronic diseases related to it, such as high blood pressure anddiabetes.
With proper sleep, you also improve your appetite and reduce chances of stress eating. So if you want to avoid the risk of becoming overweight, take full hours of sleep.
2. Spend quality time with loved ones and friends
Enjoying some laughs with friends and loved ones does not just make you happy but also healthy. It can make you feel better, reducing stress levels, and help you live a more satisfying life.
Spending time with loved ones and friends do not just also give you a balanced life but one filled with happiness. And by having fun and lighthearted moments on a daily basis, you’re able to deal with tough challenges because you maintain positive emotions.
Social interaction and spending time with othersmay also lengthen your life because having a good relationship with loved ones and friends also contribute to positive health effects. Importantly, it also improves your psychological well-being because of the emotional support that social ties bring into your life.
3. Develop yourself in the fields of the soul
If there is food for the brain and the body, there is also food for the soul. Nourishing and developing yourself in the fields of the soul can lead to a more fulfilling life.
Being spiritually healthy, you can step out of the body and mind and connect with your truest self, one of the keys to happiness. You should desire to grow spiritually, and a few practices include meditation, prayer, stillness, pondering, mindfulness and yoga.
4. Take care of both physical & mental
Looking after both these aspects, you’ll live a healthy life and have a healthy mind. To take care of your mental health, you should train your brain, which is like a muscle that needs constant exercise; otherwise, it will decline in function and lose its tone. In addition, you should take care of your physical health to prevent disease and live a more productivelife.
A few ways to take care of physical and mental health include exercising regularly, reading widely and often, boosting your vitamin B levels and challenging your memory and intellect. Time for relaxation is also a good way of taking care of your mental and physical health because it lowers cortisol or stress hormone levels.
5. Don’t let small “flaws” ruin your life
Your attitude is everything because how you perceive and explain your world affects your life. Never let small flaws such as moles, uneven skin tone, large waistline, stuttering or speech issues, among others, ruin it.
If you want to achieve real happiness and live a healthy mind and body, you should not let your flaws put you down, but look for solutions to fix them.
For example, have a private speech therapyif you have stuttering or speech problems. This therapy will help you achieve fluent speech, better life quality and greater self-esteem. By being able to express yourself fluently, you will notice an improvement on your self-esteem and confidence.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
6. Take enjoyable activities
One of the best ways to achieve a healthy mind and body is to engage in enjoyable activities that do not only keep you engage mentally and physically but also up your mood and self-esteem.
For one, you should not stop challenging your brain to make it more powerful, according to certain studies. You should not also be afraid to try things, such as a new hobby, or volunteering, which can make you more social. Alternatively, you can try finding something that you are passionate about and do it.
7. Be thankful
Gratitude cannot be stressed enough regarding its benefit for the body and the brain. For mental health, being thankfulcan boost the brain’s supply of dopamine, which can give you a natural high.
With this increased motivation, you’re able to get more of life because you’d have the vigor and always feel good about yourself and the world aroundyou.
Being thankful also leads to a better sleep and decreased pain levels, improving your energy to do exercise and all the things you love.
Are you ready to run a healthy life and have a healthymind?
Keep these tips in mind – be thankful, spend time with friends and loved ones and take enjoyable activities, to name some, and notice the big difference on how more fulfilling life becomes.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
One of the best ways to achieve a healthy mind and body is to engage in enjoyable activities that do not only keep you engage mentally and physically but also up your mood and self-esteem.
For one, you should not stop challenging your brain to make it more powerful, according to certain studies. You should not also be afraid to try things, such as a new hobby, or volunteering, which can make you more social. Alternatively, you can try finding something that you are passionate about and do it.
7. Be thankful
Gratitude cannot be stressed enough regarding its benefit for the body and the brain. For mental health, being thankfulcan boost the brain’s supply of dopamine, which can give you a natural high.
With this increased motivation, you’re able to get more of life because you’d have the vigor and always feel good about yourself and the world aroundyou.
Being thankful also leads to a better sleep and decreased pain levels, improving your energy to do exercise and all the things you love.
Are you ready to run a healthy life and have a healthymind?
Keep these tips in mind – be thankful, spend time with friends and loved ones and take enjoyable activities, to name some, and notice the big difference on how more fulfilling life becomes.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
🌟Instrument used in Surveying
✨Clinometer:-
Measuring angles of slopes
✨Subtence Bar:-
Measure horizontal distance.
✨Box sextant:-
Measuring horizontal angle.
✨Planimeter:-
Measuring area on map.
✨Pentagraph:-
Enlarging or reducing area on map.
✨Line Ranger:-
Ranging a chain line.
✨Hand Level:-
Making contour & Cross section of preliminary work.
✨Ceylon Ghat Tracer:-
Measuring angles of slopes & setting out grade contours.
🌟Map lines:-
1)Agonic line:- The line joining the places of zero declination
2)Aclinic line:- The line joining the places of zero dip
3)Isogonic line:- The line joining the places of same declination.
4) Isohypes:- The line joining the points of equal elevation or height.
5) Isobath:- The line joining the points of equal depth of sea water.
6) Isobar:- The line joining the points of equal atmospheric pressure.
7) Isohaline:- The line joining the ocean regions of equal salinity.
8- Isohel:- The line joining the points of equal period of insolation.
9) Isohytes:- The line joining the points of equal precipitation.
10) Isonif:- The line joining the points of equal snow
11) Isocline:- The line of equal magnetic dip.
12) Isophyte:- The line joining the points of equal height vegetations.
13) Isochrone:- The line joining the points of equal time of flow
14) Isotach:- The line in the weather maps, showing the points of equal wind velocity.
15) Isorymes:- Lines of equal frost.
💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
✨Clinometer:-
Measuring angles of slopes
✨Subtence Bar:-
Measure horizontal distance.
✨Box sextant:-
Measuring horizontal angle.
✨Planimeter:-
Measuring area on map.
✨Pentagraph:-
Enlarging or reducing area on map.
✨Line Ranger:-
Ranging a chain line.
✨Hand Level:-
Making contour & Cross section of preliminary work.
✨Ceylon Ghat Tracer:-
Measuring angles of slopes & setting out grade contours.
🌟Map lines:-
1)Agonic line:- The line joining the places of zero declination
2)Aclinic line:- The line joining the places of zero dip
3)Isogonic line:- The line joining the places of same declination.
4) Isohypes:- The line joining the points of equal elevation or height.
5) Isobath:- The line joining the points of equal depth of sea water.
6) Isobar:- The line joining the points of equal atmospheric pressure.
7) Isohaline:- The line joining the ocean regions of equal salinity.
8- Isohel:- The line joining the points of equal period of insolation.
9) Isohytes:- The line joining the points of equal precipitation.
10) Isonif:- The line joining the points of equal snow
11) Isocline:- The line of equal magnetic dip.
12) Isophyte:- The line joining the points of equal height vegetations.
13) Isochrone:- The line joining the points of equal time of flow
14) Isotach:- The line in the weather maps, showing the points of equal wind velocity.
15) Isorymes:- Lines of equal frost.
💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥💥
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
💥💥 Black cotton soil 💥💥
👉also known as Regur or Maan
👉variable thickness which is underlain by a sticky material called shadu or khalaga.
👉Type of Residual soil.
👉 Volcanic origin.
👉highly expansive, sticky and plastic clays showing high swelling and shrinkage.
👉Montmorillonite is the predominant present in BC soil.
👉pH value- 8.9(Alkaline)
👉Sp. Gr- 2.6-2.75
👉Activity- 0.8-1.5
👉Compression index- 0.2-0.5
👉CBR(Soaked) - 1.2-4
👉Shear parameters-
Cu=10-80Kn/m²
¢=5°-15°
👉Black color due to
1.Humus
2.Titanium Oxide.
👉Expansiveness can be found out by using
1.Russian method
2.Free swell test
3.Differential Free swell Test(IS 2911 part3)
4.Swelling pressure test
👉Minimum depth of foundation-
2 to 3 m
👉Suitable foundation-
1.Short Bored Piles
2.Under-reamed piles
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
👉also known as Regur or Maan
👉variable thickness which is underlain by a sticky material called shadu or khalaga.
👉Type of Residual soil.
👉 Volcanic origin.
👉highly expansive, sticky and plastic clays showing high swelling and shrinkage.
👉Montmorillonite is the predominant present in BC soil.
👉pH value- 8.9(Alkaline)
👉Sp. Gr- 2.6-2.75
👉Activity- 0.8-1.5
👉Compression index- 0.2-0.5
👉CBR(Soaked) - 1.2-4
👉Shear parameters-
Cu=10-80Kn/m²
¢=5°-15°
👉Black color due to
1.Humus
2.Titanium Oxide.
👉Expansiveness can be found out by using
1.Russian method
2.Free swell test
3.Differential Free swell Test(IS 2911 part3)
4.Swelling pressure test
👉Minimum depth of foundation-
2 to 3 m
👉Suitable foundation-
1.Short Bored Piles
2.Under-reamed piles
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
🌟Chemical Characteristics of water:-
💥Metals:- Toxic Substance Quality Standards
✨Arsenic:- < 0.01mg/l
✨Boron :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Cadmium :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Phenols :- < 0.001 mg/l
✨Mercury :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Arsenic :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Chromium :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Cyanide :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Lead:- < 0.05mg/l
💥Other Chemical Parameters:-
✨Iron < 0.3mg/l
✨Mn< 0.05mg/l
✨Copper:- 1 to 3 mg/l
✨Sulphate:-<250mg/l
✨Free Ammonia <0.15mg/l
✨Albuminoid nitrogen/Organic nitrogen:- <0.3mg/l
✨Nitrites :- Nil
✨Nitrates:- < 45 mg/lit
NOTE (IMP.):-
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen=
Free Ammonia +
Organic Nitrogen
(Albuminiod Nitrogen)
✨Fluorides:- 1 to 1.5mg/lit permissible
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
💥Metals:- Toxic Substance Quality Standards
✨Arsenic:- < 0.01mg/l
✨Boron :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Cadmium :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Phenols :- < 0.001 mg/l
✨Mercury :- < 0.01 mg/l
✨Arsenic :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Chromium :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Cyanide :- < 0.05 mg/l
✨Lead:- < 0.05mg/l
💥Other Chemical Parameters:-
✨Iron < 0.3mg/l
✨Mn< 0.05mg/l
✨Copper:- 1 to 3 mg/l
✨Sulphate:-<250mg/l
✨Free Ammonia <0.15mg/l
✨Albuminoid nitrogen/Organic nitrogen:- <0.3mg/l
✨Nitrites :- Nil
✨Nitrates:- < 45 mg/lit
NOTE (IMP.):-
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen=
Free Ammonia +
Organic Nitrogen
(Albuminiod Nitrogen)
✨Fluorides:- 1 to 1.5mg/lit permissible
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
🌟Lacey's Theory:-
Applicable to Irrigation channels and rivers.
Applicable If sediment Concentration is Less than 500 PPM
Bed form is Dune Type.
It is a Regime theory.
Indian Standard recommends Laceys theory.
Use Mannings formula as a Resistance equation.
3 basic equations are proposed
🌟Kennedy's Theory:-
Applicable to Irrigation channels only.
Disadvantageous theory
No equation given for slope.
No importance assigned to the B/D ratio.
Uses kutters formula as A resistance equation.
Garrets Diagram are based upon kennedys theory.
Woods tables may be used.
✨Tractive force approach:-
Based upon Boundary shear concept.
Critical Tractive stress can be calculated by using shields expression or whites expression.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
Applicable to Irrigation channels and rivers.
Applicable If sediment Concentration is Less than 500 PPM
Bed form is Dune Type.
It is a Regime theory.
Indian Standard recommends Laceys theory.
Use Mannings formula as a Resistance equation.
3 basic equations are proposed
🌟Kennedy's Theory:-
Applicable to Irrigation channels only.
Disadvantageous theory
No equation given for slope.
No importance assigned to the B/D ratio.
Uses kutters formula as A resistance equation.
Garrets Diagram are based upon kennedys theory.
Woods tables may be used.
✨Tractive force approach:-
Based upon Boundary shear concept.
Critical Tractive stress can be calculated by using shields expression or whites expression.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
💥 Important points related to velocity triangle of Pelton wheel
👉 V1= absolute velocity of jet at inlet
👉 Vw1=whirl velocity at inlet = horizontal component absolute velocity=V1(because absolute velocity is horizontal
👉 Vf1=flow velocity at inket=vertical component of absolute velocity= Zero
👉 u= Blade velocity
👉 Vr1= Relative velocity= V1-u
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
👉 V1= absolute velocity of jet at inlet
👉 Vw1=whirl velocity at inlet = horizontal component absolute velocity=V1(because absolute velocity is horizontal
👉 Vf1=flow velocity at inket=vertical component of absolute velocity= Zero
👉 u= Blade velocity
👉 Vr1= Relative velocity= V1-u
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
#Irrigation Engg.(IMP One Liners)
#Kor-watering:-
The first watering given to the crop when it has grown a few centimeters is called Kor-Watering of Crops
The Optimum depth of kor-watering is:-
1)19 cm for Rice,
2)13.5 cm for Wheat and
3)16.5 cm for Sugarcane.
Paleo (Paleva):-
The first watering before sowing the crop is called Paleo.
Base Period:-
Time Between First And Last Watering
Crop Period:- Time Between Sowing and Harvesting of Crop.
Reservoir Capacity for a given Demand is obtained from Mass Inflow Curve
Clover Leaf Cofferdam Belongs to Cellular Type
Shape of Phreatic Line is Parabolic
Garret's diagram is used in the Design of a Canal
Head Loss through the Siphon Barrels is Calculated by,
Unwin's Formula...Unwin's Formula is generally used to Calculate the Afflux
Canal Escapes serve as a Purpose of 'Safety Valve'
Aqueduct(It's like Bridge):-
Canal over a Natural Drain
Super Passage:-
Natural Drain over the Canal
Level Crossing:-
Natural Drain and Canal at Same level.
Syphon Aqueduct:-
Constructed where the H.F.L of Natural Drain is Higher than the Canal Bed
Defective Air Circulation in
Plant's root zone is an Effect of Water Logging
Water Logging means when the Capillary fringe Reaches the Root Zone of Plants
🌟Elementary Profile of a Dam is a Right angled Triangle
Lacey's Concept of Design of Canals is Based on the Unlined Channels only
The Canal which is aligned along a Ridge Line is called as Watershed Canal
The Canal which is aligned at Right Angled to the Contour is called as Side-Slope Canal
#Hydrology
The Flood Routing Method which involves the Concept of Wedge and Prism Storage is:-
⚡️Muskingum Method
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
#Kor-watering:-
The first watering given to the crop when it has grown a few centimeters is called Kor-Watering of Crops
The Optimum depth of kor-watering is:-
1)19 cm for Rice,
2)13.5 cm for Wheat and
3)16.5 cm for Sugarcane.
Paleo (Paleva):-
The first watering before sowing the crop is called Paleo.
Base Period:-
Time Between First And Last Watering
Crop Period:- Time Between Sowing and Harvesting of Crop.
Reservoir Capacity for a given Demand is obtained from Mass Inflow Curve
Clover Leaf Cofferdam Belongs to Cellular Type
Shape of Phreatic Line is Parabolic
Garret's diagram is used in the Design of a Canal
Head Loss through the Siphon Barrels is Calculated by,
Unwin's Formula...Unwin's Formula is generally used to Calculate the Afflux
Canal Escapes serve as a Purpose of 'Safety Valve'
Aqueduct(It's like Bridge):-
Canal over a Natural Drain
Super Passage:-
Natural Drain over the Canal
Level Crossing:-
Natural Drain and Canal at Same level.
Syphon Aqueduct:-
Constructed where the H.F.L of Natural Drain is Higher than the Canal Bed
Defective Air Circulation in
Plant's root zone is an Effect of Water Logging
Water Logging means when the Capillary fringe Reaches the Root Zone of Plants
🌟Elementary Profile of a Dam is a Right angled Triangle
Lacey's Concept of Design of Canals is Based on the Unlined Channels only
The Canal which is aligned along a Ridge Line is called as Watershed Canal
The Canal which is aligned at Right Angled to the Contour is called as Side-Slope Canal
#Hydrology
The Flood Routing Method which involves the Concept of Wedge and Prism Storage is:-
⚡️Muskingum Method
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
Waste Water Engineering
🔰Activated sludge process (ASP)
🔶Activated sludge:-
It is sludge containing large concentration of highly active aerobic micro organisms.
🔸ASP works on the principle of suspended culture system.
🔸Components of ASP
A) Primary settling tank :-
~ Detention time - 1.5 to 2 hr.
B) Aeration tank :-
~ Detention time- 4 to 8 hr
C) Secondary sedimentation tank :-
~ Detention time- 1.5 to 2 hr.
D) Sludge thickener & sludge digestion tank
🔸Activated sludge process parameters
1.Hydraulic retention time (HRT):- It is the ratio of volume of tank to the rate of sewage flow into the tank.
2.Volumetric loading rate or BOD loading rate:- It is ratio of BOD applied to unit volume of aeration tank.
3. Food to microorganism ratio (F/M):- It is defined as the ratio of kg of BOD applied per day to kg of MLSS in aeration tank.
4.Mean cell residence time (Sludge age):- It is defined as mass of cell in the reactors to mass of cells wasted per day.
5.Sludge volume index:-
It is the volume occupied in ml by 1 gm MLSS after settling for 30 minute from 1L sewage sample is known as sludge volume index.
🔸Usual values adpoted
👉 F/M :- 0.4 to 0.3
👉 MCRT :- 5 to 15 days
👉 Efficiency :- 85 - 95%
👉 Recycling ratio :- 0.25 - 0.5
🔸 Operational problems associated with ASP
1. Rising of sludge :- Settled sludge contains large number of live cells. They oxidise the dead cells and release nitrogen. The nitrogen causes the sludge to risep and increases the Xe value.
~ Remedies :- Increase Qr & Decrease Q
2. Bulking of sludge :- Large number of dead cell in settled sludge and growth of filamentous organisms. Occurs when SVI ≃ 150
~ Remedies :- Bring down SVI (≃ 150), Increase pH, Increase DO, decrease F/M ratio.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
🔰Activated sludge process (ASP)
🔶Activated sludge:-
It is sludge containing large concentration of highly active aerobic micro organisms.
🔸ASP works on the principle of suspended culture system.
🔸Components of ASP
A) Primary settling tank :-
~ Detention time - 1.5 to 2 hr.
B) Aeration tank :-
~ Detention time- 4 to 8 hr
C) Secondary sedimentation tank :-
~ Detention time- 1.5 to 2 hr.
D) Sludge thickener & sludge digestion tank
🔸Activated sludge process parameters
1.Hydraulic retention time (HRT):- It is the ratio of volume of tank to the rate of sewage flow into the tank.
2.Volumetric loading rate or BOD loading rate:- It is ratio of BOD applied to unit volume of aeration tank.
3. Food to microorganism ratio (F/M):- It is defined as the ratio of kg of BOD applied per day to kg of MLSS in aeration tank.
4.Mean cell residence time (Sludge age):- It is defined as mass of cell in the reactors to mass of cells wasted per day.
5.Sludge volume index:-
It is the volume occupied in ml by 1 gm MLSS after settling for 30 minute from 1L sewage sample is known as sludge volume index.
🔸Usual values adpoted
👉 F/M :- 0.4 to 0.3
👉 MCRT :- 5 to 15 days
👉 Efficiency :- 85 - 95%
👉 Recycling ratio :- 0.25 - 0.5
🔸 Operational problems associated with ASP
1. Rising of sludge :- Settled sludge contains large number of live cells. They oxidise the dead cells and release nitrogen. The nitrogen causes the sludge to risep and increases the Xe value.
~ Remedies :- Increase Qr & Decrease Q
2. Bulking of sludge :- Large number of dead cell in settled sludge and growth of filamentous organisms. Occurs when SVI ≃ 150
~ Remedies :- Bring down SVI (≃ 150), Increase pH, Increase DO, decrease F/M ratio.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
☀️IMP. One liners:-
💥English bond:-
Alternate Course of Headers and Stretchers.
It is strongest bond.
⚡️Flemish bond:-
Each Course consists of Alternate Header and Stretcher.
💥Herring-bone Bond:-
Commonly used for Brick Paving.
⚡️Stretcher Bond:-
It is preferred when walls of Half brick thickness need to be constructed.
💥Rat-trap bond:-
Bond in which cavity is existing.
In this method,bricks are placed in vertical position instead of conventional horizontal position and thus creating a wall(hollow space) within the wall.
⚡️King Closer:-
Rectangular brick whose one end has been cut off diagonally to half the width of brick
⚡️Queen Closer:-
When Brick is cut along it's length,making it two halves then it is called Queen Closer.
💥Brick bat:-
Cut portion of brick
⚡️Prepend:-
Vertical joint in bricks
💥Silica in Brick:- enables brick to retain it's shape.
💥Alumina in Brick:- Responsible for plasticity characteristics of brick earth.
💥Excess silica in Brick:-
makes brick brittle and weak.
💥Excess Alumina in Brick:-
Produce crack during drying and burning
💥Excess of Magnesia n Brick:-
Affects colour and makes brick yellow.
💥Excess of lime in Brick:-
Causes brick to melt and loss it's shape.
💥Excess Iron oxide in Brick:-
Makes brick to dark blue.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥
💥English bond:-
Alternate Course of Headers and Stretchers.
It is strongest bond.
⚡️Flemish bond:-
Each Course consists of Alternate Header and Stretcher.
💥Herring-bone Bond:-
Commonly used for Brick Paving.
⚡️Stretcher Bond:-
It is preferred when walls of Half brick thickness need to be constructed.
💥Rat-trap bond:-
Bond in which cavity is existing.
In this method,bricks are placed in vertical position instead of conventional horizontal position and thus creating a wall(hollow space) within the wall.
⚡️King Closer:-
Rectangular brick whose one end has been cut off diagonally to half the width of brick
⚡️Queen Closer:-
When Brick is cut along it's length,making it two halves then it is called Queen Closer.
💥Brick bat:-
Cut portion of brick
⚡️Prepend:-
Vertical joint in bricks
💥Silica in Brick:- enables brick to retain it's shape.
💥Alumina in Brick:- Responsible for plasticity characteristics of brick earth.
💥Excess silica in Brick:-
makes brick brittle and weak.
💥Excess Alumina in Brick:-
Produce crack during drying and burning
💥Excess of Magnesia n Brick:-
Affects colour and makes brick yellow.
💥Excess of lime in Brick:-
Causes brick to melt and loss it's shape.
💥Excess Iron oxide in Brick:-
Makes brick to dark blue.
💥💥 @IESCIVIL 💥💥