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Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

Thermal
considerations are of limited concern as one gets deeper down on the foundation wall as there is a constant, thermal design condition on the exterior. As most foundation wall systems have substantial mass, e.g. concrete, insulation may only be of importance to moderate interior temperatures in the upper portions of the foundation wall where temperature conditions will fluctuate. However, the use and location of the insulation is more important on the control of moisture in terms of preventing condensation on interior wall faces for the entire height of the foundation wall. Condensation is possible in below grade conditions in warmer more humid summer conditions as below grade spaces tend to be cooler in the summer because of the insulating effect of the backfill soil. This cooling effect combined with general poor air circulation in underground spaces can result in condensation on interior wall surfaces.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer
Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

The
higher soil temperatures on the exterior also create the need to provide at least a damproofing on the exterior of the foundation wall to resist the strong interior vapor drive. In fact, in some situations, conditioned below grade spaces are subjected to a constant inward vapor drive during summer as the interior space is air conditioned, and in the winter the interior space is heated resulting in a lower vapor pressure than the exterior condition as the soil stays relatively constant in terms of vapor pressure.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer
Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

Finish
Functions—Two areas of finishes are of importance in relation to foundation walls. The first area is the finishes of the interior space. This finish is dependent on the interior use whether it be a controlled office environment or a non-controlled parking environment. Typical finish systems may include paints, stucco, or framed walls with drywall. In many applications the interior finish is simply the interior surface of the material used for the foundation wall, i.e. concrete or concrete masonry units.

The second area is the finish to the exterior near grade level. Proper treatment of this area is critical in terms not only of aesthetics but also durability.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer
Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

Dampproofing
/Waterproofing in all situations should be carried up above the upper screen and integrally tied into the building façade flashing and waterproofing. Many waterproofing membranes need to be shielded from ultraviolet radiation to prevent deterioration and as such some type of exterior finish is required. In many cases the exterior façade element, whether it be brick, stone, etc., is carried down to just below grade level to properly transition and protect this sensitive area.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer
Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

Even
when it is necessary to apply a waterproofing membrane, it is recommended to also utilize a system approach including components of exterior drainage system, near surface drainage system and exit drain. The removal of the moisture in the most complete and expeditious manner will decrease the probability for intrusion of water. However, since some municipalities charge for water pumping into storm drain systems, these costs must be weighed over the life of the structure when designing the waterproofing systems. Portions of the building permanently below the water table may require more redundant systems. For example, crystalline waterproofing is often used to provide redundancy to one of the other waterproofing systems. Some municipalities also limit pumping of groundwater as this can lower groundwater levels and affect the support of adjacent structures. When pumps are to be relied upon to discharge moisture, a backup power system should be provided in the event of power failure.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer
Forwarded from B l S l E
Foundation Walls

APPLICATIONS
Upper
Screen Design Considerations For Surface Runoff Many areas around a building's perimeter at grade are subjected to high amounts of surface runoff from the high use of fenestration and impermeable wall façade materials, such as thin stone and EIFS. The first and most effective defense against this water is to slope the upper screen surface away from the building a minimum of 5% near the building edge. Proper design to connect downspouts into perimeter drain systems directly instead of flowing onto the area directly adjacent to the foundation wall is prudent in design.

Important design considerations include sloping the surface away from the structure, providing a suitable drainage system from the upper screen through the granular backfill, and a synthetic drainage layer that extends down to the perimeter drain.

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Joni us | @HydraulicEngineer