Foundation Walls

Waterproofing Membranes:

Waterproofing membranes can be categorized into four (4) types:

2- Sheet-Membrane Systems—Sheet membranes used in foundation wall applications include thermoplastics, vulcanized rubbers, and rubberized asphalts. The thickness of these systems varies from 20 to 120 mils. If heat-welded seaming is employed and loose-hung membranes are tough and protected from damage by protection board, they may be effective waterproofing materials, but if a leak occurs, the leak will be difficult to locate and correct due to the loose application of the waterproofing layer in those cases. It is always better to have a continuously bonded and adhered waterproofing layer to reduce the potential for lateral moisture migration beneath the membrane.

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Foundation Walls

Waterproofing Membranes:

Waterproofing membranes can be categorized into four (4) types:

3- Bentonite Clays—These systems include composite sodium bentonite systems with HDPE liners and geotextile fabrics, which are more common and more effective than the traditional systems. Bentonite clays act as waterproofing by swelling when exposed to moisture thus becoming impervious to water. This swelling can be 10 to 15 percent of the thickness of the base material. Bentonite is, therefore, most effective when properly confined so the product can swell to fill voids and so that it cannot be washed away. If Bentonite clay is unconfined, it can shrink upon drying, creating gaps that undermine waterproofing characteristics. Clay panels and geotextile sheets are popular for use in blind-side waterproofing applications such as on retaining earth systems and elevator and sump pits.

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Foundation Walls

Waterproofing Membranes:

Waterproofing membranes can be categorized into four (4) types:

4- Cementitious Systems—These systems contain Portland cement and sand combined with an active waterproofing agent. These systems include metallic (metal oxide), crystalline, chemical additive, and acrylic modified systems. The latter two should not be used as waterproofing except for the most non-critical conditions. The first two systems can be applied as negative-side or positive-side waterproofing. Even these systems should only be considered for use as a secondary (back-up) waterproofing to a positive-side waterproofing system, unless they are used with special details provided by a waterproofing expert which are beyond the scope of what are usually provided by system manufacturers.

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Foundation Walls

Waterproofing Membranes:


Waterproofing should be applied a minimum of 12" above finished grade, and then applied to a point 12" below the top surface of the interior slab on grade. Typically, the waterproofing is wrapped over a masonry brick shelf, or up behind the finish exterior materials at grade so that it may be terminated and shingle lapped by the weather barrier. When it is wrapped over masonry ledges, care must be taken to coordinate with masonry ties and thru-wall flashings. Where grade slopes down along an exterior wall, the waterproofing will step down incrementally so that it continues to protect the below grade, occupied space.

If the exterior wall materials will not protect the waterproofing at grade, base flashings should be used to protect the waterproofing from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. These flashings are usually stainless steel to resist corrosion in contact with grade soils and moisture.

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Foundation Walls

Waterproofing Membranes:

In some situations, it may not be possible to apply waterproofing directly and entirely to the foundation walls, and it may be necessary to fasten a "lens" membrane to the foundation wall to catch runoff and redirect it away from the foundation. It is recommended that a 60 mil PVC membrane or polyolefin membrane be used, set on a concave sand bed and fastened to the foundation wall with a stainless steel termination bar with standard waterproofing applied to the wall above that point. The lens membrane should slope away from the building and collect and redirect the runoff to a drain tile or sump away from the foundation.

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Mars once had salt lakes that are similar to those on Earth and has gone through wet and dry periods.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191018181051.htm

Foundation Walls

Protection Board:

Protection Boards are used to shield waterproofing membranes from construction damage, damage from backfill materials in service, and ultraviolet radiation. The most commonly used protection board is a semi-flexible sheet containing an asphalt core placed between asphalt impregnated glass fiber mats. The material may have polyethylene film on one side and a glass mat surface on the other side. For some membrane applications such as hot-applied bitumen systems, the protection board is embedded into the wet membrane forming an integral part of the waterproofing membrane. Asphaltic protection boards are available in 1/16, 1/8 and 1/4 inch in thickness. Other materials sometimes used as protection layers are extruded polystyrene rigid board insulation or prefabricated synthetic drainage layers.

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Foundation Walls

Protection Board:

In general, using prefabricated composite drainage board directly against certain waterproofing membranes as a protection layer is not recommended. Although the composite board may have a polyethylene sheet on the membrane-side, this sheet is often cut, damaged, or missing. If installed, soil pressures can cause the "dimples" in the drainage core to displace or damage the waterproofing membrane. Additionally, the composite cores have sharp corners that can cut the waterproofing membrane during installation or backfill operations. Therefore, a protection layer is recommended between the waterproofing membrane and the drainage layer.

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Exhibition:

November 5 - 7, 2019

II International Trade Fair

ELECTRO INSTALL '2019
(low-voltage equipment, switchgears, cables, cable support systems, electrical enclosures, installation materials and tools, metering devices, electricity meters, wiring accessories, UPS, LEDs, electronic components and systems, automation)

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https://www.iec-expo.com.ua/en

Event:

LONDON BUILDING SERVICES EVENT for… Building Services Engineers & Consultants | Building Services Contractors | Facilities Management
20th November 2019 … 6pm-10.30pm

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https://www.specifi.co.uk/events/london-2-building-services/

Have a nice weekend.
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Foundation Walls

Insulation Materials:

Insulation materials used in below grade enclosure applications are primarily limited to rigid extruded polystyrene board due to the need for high compressive strength and moisture absorption resistance. For optimum drainage and thermal performance, install a composite drainage board with integral filter fabric to the exterior of the insulation.

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Foundation Walls

Waterstops:

Waterstops should be utilized at construction joints in below grade walls, footings, slabs, and other elements where a waterproof system is required. These systems provide a secondary barrier to the passage of water across these construction joints. Waterstops are manufactured products available in a wide range of configurations and sizes. Common materials include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), neoprene, expanding sodium bentonite and thermoplastic rubber.

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Engineering News weekly
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Monday, November 04, 2019

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Engineering News RealEconomy News Industry News.

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Redefine lifts full-year distributions a share by 4%

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https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/redefine-lifts-full-year-distributions-a-share-by-4-2019-11-04

The world is getting wetter, yet water may become less available for North America and Eurasia
Plants will demand more water in the future making less water available for people.

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Source: Dartmouth College

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191104112828.htm

Foundation Walls

Waterstops:

Although not as common, pre-installed permeable grout injection waterstop may also be considered. Typically constructed with flexible PVC, permeable grout injection tubes are installed in construction joints and are injected with grout only if leakage is observed. In some cases, the tubes may also be re-injected if leakage persists. Injection ports/sites are typically accessed from the building interior.

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Foundation Walls

Waterstops:

Common areas of concern for waterstops are at corners and laps in the materials. These details must be properly detailed and installed to be effective. In general, the manufacturer's standard details should be followed. If PVC is used, corners and laps should be heat welded and properly inspected.

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