Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Q1/ State whether the following statements are True or False:
1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind.
2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate.
3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is grammatical for native speakers.
4_ Competence refers to the actual use of language in real situations.
5_ The sentence “Department is on fire!” is acceptable in performance but ungrammatical in competence.
6_ Humans can produce an infinite number of sentences using limited rules and vocabulary.
7_ Phrase structure generates surface structures directly.
8_ In grammar, the phonological component determines pronunciation and intonation.
9_ Every sentence has both a deep structure and a surface structure.
10_ The terms grammatical and ungrammatical are used to describe performance.
11_ Linguists study performance in order to understand competence.
12_ Different speakers may judge the same sentence differently because they developed different grammatical rules.
13_ Transformational grammar focuses mainly on competence rather than performance.
14_ Deep structure represents the underlying meaning of a sentence.
15_ Native speakers usually share an intuitive sense of grammaticality.
Q2/ Fill in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ According to transformational grammar, grammar is a .............. that allows humans to acquire language.
2_ The abbreviation LAD stands for .......... .
3_ The rules a speaker develops collectively form his .......... .
4_ Humans can create an infinite number of sentences using limited rules, a principle that is called ............
5_ The syntax component consists of .......... and .......... .
6_ The .......... component gives the final form of the sentence, including pronunciation.
7_ Children hear both correct and incorrect speech, yet they still develop linguistic .......... .
8_ The terms acceptable and unacceptable are related to .......... .
9_ A sentence that follows the rules of a speaker’s grammar is considered .......... .
10_ The semantic component determines .......... .
11_ The meaning of any sentence depends partly on .......... structure.
1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind.
2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate.
3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is grammatical for native speakers.
4_ Competence refers to the actual use of language in real situations.
5_ The sentence “Department is on fire!” is acceptable in performance but ungrammatical in competence.
6_ Humans can produce an infinite number of sentences using limited rules and vocabulary.
7_ Phrase structure generates surface structures directly.
8_ In grammar, the phonological component determines pronunciation and intonation.
9_ Every sentence has both a deep structure and a surface structure.
10_ The terms grammatical and ungrammatical are used to describe performance.
11_ Linguists study performance in order to understand competence.
12_ Different speakers may judge the same sentence differently because they developed different grammatical rules.
13_ Transformational grammar focuses mainly on competence rather than performance.
14_ Deep structure represents the underlying meaning of a sentence.
15_ Native speakers usually share an intuitive sense of grammaticality.
Q2/ Fill in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ According to transformational grammar, grammar is a .............. that allows humans to acquire language.
2_ The abbreviation LAD stands for .......... .
3_ The rules a speaker develops collectively form his .......... .
4_ Humans can create an infinite number of sentences using limited rules, a principle that is called ............
5_ The syntax component consists of .......... and .......... .
6_ The .......... component gives the final form of the sentence, including pronunciation.
7_ Children hear both correct and incorrect speech, yet they still develop linguistic .......... .
8_ The terms acceptable and unacceptable are related to .......... .
9_ A sentence that follows the rules of a speaker’s grammar is considered .......... .
10_ The semantic component determines .......... .
11_ The meaning of any sentence depends partly on .......... structure.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
مُصطَفى
Q1/ State whether the following statements are True or False: 1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind. 2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate. 3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is…
شغلات تخص جابتر 9
اختبروا نفسكم
اختبروا نفسكم
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
حل النقطة الأولى خطأ من حيث الترتيب،
"Do" should come after negation since it is an obligatory transformation, not after the IO-T
"Do" should come after negation since it is an obligatory transformation, not after the IO-T
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Q/ List Five Principles of Transformational Grammar:
1_ Grammar is a mental system in the human mind that allows people to learn and use language.
2_ Humans are born with an innate ability for a language called the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
3_ Language is creative, meaning we can produce an infinite number of sentences using a finite number of rules.
4_ Grammar is internal competence, not just rules written by linguists, and it develops through language input.
5_ There is a difference between grammaticality (rules of language) and acceptability (actual use in performance).
1_ Grammar is a mental system in the human mind that allows people to learn and use language.
2_ Humans are born with an innate ability for a language called the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
3_ Language is creative, meaning we can produce an infinite number of sentences using a finite number of rules.
4_ Grammar is internal competence, not just rules written by linguists, and it develops through language input.
5_ There is a difference between grammaticality (rules of language) and acceptability (actual use in performance).
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Forwarded from مُصطَفى
grammar: the set of rules that a person has developed innately that permit him to understand and produce an infinite number of sentences in his native language.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Syntax: is the central component of transformational grammar, and it consists of phrase structure and transformations. It is responsible for generating structural representations of sentences
Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and determines the meaning of a sentence by showing how lexical items combine according to syntactic structure.
Phonological component: It operates on the surface structure of a sentence and gives its final form, including pronunciation.
Competence: It is the speaker’s internal knowledge of language, consisting of the rules they have developed mentally, which allows them to understand and produce sentences.
Performance: is the actual use of language in real situations, including what people actually say or produce, which may include errors or incomplete sentences.
Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and determines the meaning of a sentence by showing how lexical items combine according to syntactic structure.
Phonological component: It operates on the surface structure of a sentence and gives its final form, including pronunciation.
Competence: It is the speaker’s internal knowledge of language, consisting of the rules they have developed mentally, which allows them to understand and produce sentences.
Performance: is the actual use of language in real situations, including what people actually say or produce, which may include errors or incomplete sentences.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
مُصطَفى
Syntax: is the central component of transformational grammar, and it consists of phrase structure and transformations. It is responsible for generating structural representations of sentences Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and…
التعاريف للفهم بل درجة الاولى لان يجن ك صح وخطأ أو فراغات*
❤1
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Q/ State whether the statements are true or false:
1_ Transformation is the process that converts surface structure into deep structure.
2_ Phrase-structure rules perform transformations directly.
3_ Phrase structure generates a limited number of simple sentences.
4_ Adverbial movement transformation is an obligatory rule.
5_ Imperative transformation is considered the most restrictive transformational rule in English.
6_ In passive transformation, NP1 and NP2 exchange positions
7_ The tag question “will you?” helped Chomsky identify the deep structure of imperative sentences.
8_ The intermediate structure shows transformations applied step by step.
9_ In sentences with “be” as a main verb, “be” carries the tense.
10_ WH-transformation can occur without first applying yes/no transformation
11_ When the whole noun phrase is underlined, the noun remains after the WH-word.
12_ In transformational grammar, a process and a transformational rule mean exactly the same thing.
13_ Rearrangement is the process used in negation transformation.
14_ Optional transformations are mainly stylistic.
15_ Adverbial movement transformation changes the emphasis of the sentence.
16_ In indirect object transformation, the preposition is usually retained in the surface structure.
17_ Both “She sent a letter to me” and “She sent me a letter” are grammatical.
18_ Traditional grammarians believed that only “you” is deleted in imperative sentences.
19_ In negative imperatives, negation transformation is applied before imperative transformation.
20_ Passive transformation always changes the logical meaning of the sentence.
21_ According to Chomsky, sentences can be studied on grammatical and logical levels.
22_ Verbs such as “cost” and “resemble” normally allow passive transformation.
Q/ full in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ The logical level of grammar depends mainly on the .......... of the sentence.
2_ the term process can be defined as .............
3_ When no auxiliary verb exists in the sentence, the rule of .......... is applied.
4_ The transformation that moves adverbials to the beginning of the sentence is called .......... transformation.
5_ Optional transformations are mainly used for .............
6_ According to Chomsky, the deleted elements in imperative transformation are ...............
7_ The grammatical level depends on ........... and the position of sentence elements.
8_ Passive transformation mainly involves rearrangement and the addition of ..................
9_ Obligatory transformations must apply because there are specific ............. in deep structure.
10_ In transformational grammar, the goal of transformational rules and processes is to reach the ................
1_ Transformation is the process that converts surface structure into deep structure.
2_ Phrase-structure rules perform transformations directly.
3_ Phrase structure generates a limited number of simple sentences.
4_ Adverbial movement transformation is an obligatory rule.
5_ Imperative transformation is considered the most restrictive transformational rule in English.
6_ In passive transformation, NP1 and NP2 exchange positions
7_ The tag question “will you?” helped Chomsky identify the deep structure of imperative sentences.
8_ The intermediate structure shows transformations applied step by step.
9_ In sentences with “be” as a main verb, “be” carries the tense.
10_ WH-transformation can occur without first applying yes/no transformation
11_ When the whole noun phrase is underlined, the noun remains after the WH-word.
12_ In transformational grammar, a process and a transformational rule mean exactly the same thing.
13_ Rearrangement is the process used in negation transformation.
14_ Optional transformations are mainly stylistic.
15_ Adverbial movement transformation changes the emphasis of the sentence.
16_ In indirect object transformation, the preposition is usually retained in the surface structure.
17_ Both “She sent a letter to me” and “She sent me a letter” are grammatical.
18_ Traditional grammarians believed that only “you” is deleted in imperative sentences.
19_ In negative imperatives, negation transformation is applied before imperative transformation.
20_ Passive transformation always changes the logical meaning of the sentence.
21_ According to Chomsky, sentences can be studied on grammatical and logical levels.
22_ Verbs such as “cost” and “resemble” normally allow passive transformation.
Q/ full in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ The logical level of grammar depends mainly on the .......... of the sentence.
2_ the term process can be defined as .............
3_ When no auxiliary verb exists in the sentence, the rule of .......... is applied.
4_ The transformation that moves adverbials to the beginning of the sentence is called .......... transformation.
5_ Optional transformations are mainly used for .............
6_ According to Chomsky, the deleted elements in imperative transformation are ...............
7_ The grammatical level depends on ........... and the position of sentence elements.
8_ Passive transformation mainly involves rearrangement and the addition of ..................
9_ Obligatory transformations must apply because there are specific ............. in deep structure.
10_ In transformational grammar, the goal of transformational rules and processes is to reach the ................
Forwarded from Zahraa Haidar
what I think is important in chapter 9.pdf
67.3 KB
كملت قراية الجابتر التاسع من الكتاب وحسيت ذني مهمات
رابط قناة آيات لؤي شرح گرمر (مادة دكتورة سندس)
هذا رابط الإنضمام للقناة ⬇️
https://t.me/+q68v8qsn699hMzAy
رابط الشرح ⬇️
https://t.me/c/2455663710/1196
إذا ما فتح رابط الشرح ادخلوا على رابط الإنضمام للقناة وبعدها على رابط الشرح
1. أسئلة فاينل گرمر كورس ثاني 2023-2024 ⬇️
https://t.me/c/2455663710/1918
2. أسئلة فاينل گرمر كورس ثاني 2024-2025 ⬇️
https://t.me/c/2455663710/2087
دزيتلكم الرابط لأن ما أگدر أحفظهن أو أحولهن
+ يمكن أكو حلهن بالرابط
إذا ما فتح رابط الشرح ادخلوا على رابط الإنضمام للقناة وبعدها على رابط الشرح
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مادة الگرمر شرح زهراء + مصطفى على دكتورة سندس
الفصول 6، 7، 8، 9.... ⬇️⬇️⬇️
الفصول 6، 7، 8، 9.... ⬇️⬇️⬇️
❤1
Forwarded from HOMEWORK (A) (𝒛𝒂𝒉𝒓𝒂𝒂 </>)
Grammer.pdf
290.2 KB
كرامر تمت اضافة الجابتر الثامن مع حل التمارين. مادة الامتحان هي السابع والثامن و لتنسون الشجرات اخوان
Forwarded from Zahraa Haidar
what I think is important in chapter 9.pdf
67.3 KB
كملت قراية الجابتر التاسع من الكتاب وحسيت ذني مهمات