Forwarded from مُصطَفى
1_ why do modals not have en or ing from
Modals do not have -en or -ing forms because they function only as auxiliaries before the main verb
2_ in the yes/no rule for sentences containing auxiliaries, why we specify Aux¹ instead of just auxiliary?
In the yes/no rule we specify Aux¹ because a sentence may contain more than one auxiliary, and the rule moves only the first auxiliary (the one after tense) to the beginning of the sentence
3_ the verb "have" has an -ing form ( having), but the auxiliary "have" does not, why?
The verb have can take an -ing form (having) when it functions as a main verb, but when it functions as an auxiliary it does not take the -ing form.
Modals do not have -en or -ing forms because they function only as auxiliaries before the main verb
2_ in the yes/no rule for sentences containing auxiliaries, why we specify Aux¹ instead of just auxiliary?
In the yes/no rule we specify Aux¹ because a sentence may contain more than one auxiliary, and the rule moves only the first auxiliary (the one after tense) to the beginning of the sentence
3_ the verb "have" has an -ing form ( having), but the auxiliary "have" does not, why?
The verb have can take an -ing form (having) when it functions as a main verb, but when it functions as an auxiliary it does not take the -ing form.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
مُصطَفى
1_ why do modals not have en or ing from Modals do not have -en or -ing forms because they function only as auxiliaries before the main verb 2_ in the yes/no rule for sentences containing auxiliaries, why we specify Aux¹ instead of just auxiliary? In…
هاي ضمن الاسئلة يلي تجي فهمية، اول العام جايبه عليهم 15 درجة
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
هاي كملت كل أسئلة الصباحي
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Q1/ State whether the following statements are True or False:
1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind.
2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate.
3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is grammatical for native speakers.
4_ Competence refers to the actual use of language in real situations.
5_ The sentence “Department is on fire!” is acceptable in performance but ungrammatical in competence.
6_ Humans can produce an infinite number of sentences using limited rules and vocabulary.
7_ Phrase structure generates surface structures directly.
8_ In grammar, the phonological component determines pronunciation and intonation.
9_ Every sentence has both a deep structure and a surface structure.
10_ The terms grammatical and ungrammatical are used to describe performance.
11_ Linguists study performance in order to understand competence.
12_ Different speakers may judge the same sentence differently because they developed different grammatical rules.
13_ Transformational grammar focuses mainly on competence rather than performance.
14_ Deep structure represents the underlying meaning of a sentence.
15_ Native speakers usually share an intuitive sense of grammaticality.
Q2/ Fill in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ According to transformational grammar, grammar is a .............. that allows humans to acquire language.
2_ The abbreviation LAD stands for .......... .
3_ The rules a speaker develops collectively form his .......... .
4_ Humans can create an infinite number of sentences using limited rules, a principle that is called ............
5_ The syntax component consists of .......... and .......... .
6_ The .......... component gives the final form of the sentence, including pronunciation.
7_ Children hear both correct and incorrect speech, yet they still develop linguistic .......... .
8_ The terms acceptable and unacceptable are related to .......... .
9_ A sentence that follows the rules of a speaker’s grammar is considered .......... .
10_ The semantic component determines .......... .
11_ The meaning of any sentence depends partly on .......... structure.
1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind.
2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate.
3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is grammatical for native speakers.
4_ Competence refers to the actual use of language in real situations.
5_ The sentence “Department is on fire!” is acceptable in performance but ungrammatical in competence.
6_ Humans can produce an infinite number of sentences using limited rules and vocabulary.
7_ Phrase structure generates surface structures directly.
8_ In grammar, the phonological component determines pronunciation and intonation.
9_ Every sentence has both a deep structure and a surface structure.
10_ The terms grammatical and ungrammatical are used to describe performance.
11_ Linguists study performance in order to understand competence.
12_ Different speakers may judge the same sentence differently because they developed different grammatical rules.
13_ Transformational grammar focuses mainly on competence rather than performance.
14_ Deep structure represents the underlying meaning of a sentence.
15_ Native speakers usually share an intuitive sense of grammaticality.
Q2/ Fill in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1_ According to transformational grammar, grammar is a .............. that allows humans to acquire language.
2_ The abbreviation LAD stands for .......... .
3_ The rules a speaker develops collectively form his .......... .
4_ Humans can create an infinite number of sentences using limited rules, a principle that is called ............
5_ The syntax component consists of .......... and .......... .
6_ The .......... component gives the final form of the sentence, including pronunciation.
7_ Children hear both correct and incorrect speech, yet they still develop linguistic .......... .
8_ The terms acceptable and unacceptable are related to .......... .
9_ A sentence that follows the rules of a speaker’s grammar is considered .......... .
10_ The semantic component determines .......... .
11_ The meaning of any sentence depends partly on .......... structure.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
مُصطَفى
Q1/ State whether the following statements are True or False: 1_ According to Noam Chomsky, grammar exists in the human mind. 2_ The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is believed to be universal and innate. 3_ The sentence “Book the on the table is” is…
شغلات تخص جابتر 9
اختبروا نفسكم
اختبروا نفسكم
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
حل النقطة الأولى خطأ من حيث الترتيب،
"Do" should come after negation since it is an obligatory transformation, not after the IO-T
"Do" should come after negation since it is an obligatory transformation, not after the IO-T
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Q/ List Five Principles of Transformational Grammar:
1_ Grammar is a mental system in the human mind that allows people to learn and use language.
2_ Humans are born with an innate ability for a language called the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
3_ Language is creative, meaning we can produce an infinite number of sentences using a finite number of rules.
4_ Grammar is internal competence, not just rules written by linguists, and it develops through language input.
5_ There is a difference between grammaticality (rules of language) and acceptability (actual use in performance).
1_ Grammar is a mental system in the human mind that allows people to learn and use language.
2_ Humans are born with an innate ability for a language called the Language Acquisition Device (LAD).
3_ Language is creative, meaning we can produce an infinite number of sentences using a finite number of rules.
4_ Grammar is internal competence, not just rules written by linguists, and it develops through language input.
5_ There is a difference between grammaticality (rules of language) and acceptability (actual use in performance).
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Forwarded from مُصطَفى
grammar: the set of rules that a person has developed innately that permit him to understand and produce an infinite number of sentences in his native language.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
Syntax: is the central component of transformational grammar, and it consists of phrase structure and transformations. It is responsible for generating structural representations of sentences
Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and determines the meaning of a sentence by showing how lexical items combine according to syntactic structure.
Phonological component: It operates on the surface structure of a sentence and gives its final form, including pronunciation.
Competence: It is the speaker’s internal knowledge of language, consisting of the rules they have developed mentally, which allows them to understand and produce sentences.
Performance: is the actual use of language in real situations, including what people actually say or produce, which may include errors or incomplete sentences.
Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and determines the meaning of a sentence by showing how lexical items combine according to syntactic structure.
Phonological component: It operates on the surface structure of a sentence and gives its final form, including pronunciation.
Competence: It is the speaker’s internal knowledge of language, consisting of the rules they have developed mentally, which allows them to understand and produce sentences.
Performance: is the actual use of language in real situations, including what people actually say or produce, which may include errors or incomplete sentences.
Forwarded from مُصطَفى
مُصطَفى
Syntax: is the central component of transformational grammar, and it consists of phrase structure and transformations. It is responsible for generating structural representations of sentences Semantics: is the component that operates on deep structure and…
التعاريف للفهم بل درجة الاولى لان يجن ك صح وخطأ أو فراغات*
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