هذني حلول كلهن صح للسؤال الأول

وطبعاً بعد أكو تگدرون تطلعون:

1. Dr. Salma Haddad sat at the *foot of the page* she had been staring at for an hour, her coffee long cold.
Type: Dead Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. جلست الدكتورة سلمى حداد عند *ذيل الصفحة* التي كانت ترنو إليها طوال ساعة، وقد برد قهوتها منذ زمن.

2. Outside her window in Beirut, a *satellite dish* spun on a nearby rooftop, Today
Type: Arabization Coinage (Neologism)
P. It is a hard and slow. Sometimes the new created words are not popular.
S. It can be done in three ways: - Revival: Give an old word a new meaning. - Derivation: Use Arabic measures (scales) to create names. - Neologisms: Create new expressions.
T. وخارج نافذتها في بيروت، كان *هوائي الأقمار الصناعية* يدور فوق سطح منزل مجاور، اليوم

3. she would present her life's work to the board of the *UNESCO* regional centre,
Type: UN Acronym
P. UN Acronyms don't exist in Arabic and they have an unknown and unfamiliar nature.
S. We should transcribe the acronym into Arabic letters.
T. كانت ستقدم عمل حياتها لمجلس مركز *اليونسكو* الإقليمي،

4. Her colleague, Marcus Webb, knocked and entered, "*The ball is in their court* now, Salma," he said.
Type: Adapted Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. طرق زميلها ماركوس ويب الباب ودخل قائلاً: "*الكرة في ملعبهم* الآن يا سلمى".

5. She opened her computer and pulled up the presentation - three years of work on *wooden talk*, the hollow language of political institutions, traced from Paris to Cairo to Damascus.
Type: Recent Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T.
فتحت حاسوبها واستعرضت العرض التقديمي - ثلاث سنوات من العمل على *لغة خشبية*، تلك اللغة الجوفاء للمؤسسات السياسية، والتي تتبعتها من باريس إلى القاهرة إلى دمشق.

6. She opened her computer and pulled up the presentation - three years of work on wooden talk, the hollow language of *political institutions*, traced from Paris to Cairo to Damascus.
Type: Political Institutional Terms
P. Political terms are cultural (British & American) and don't have an exact Arabic equivalent.
S. We must find an Arabic equivalent that shows the "function" of the political institutional terms.
T. فتحت حاسوبها واستعرضت العرض التقديمي - ثلاث سنوات من العمل على اللغة الخشبية، تلك اللغة الجوفاء *للمؤسسات السياسية*، والتي تتبعتها من باريس إلى القاهرة إلى دمشق.

7. The title slide read: "*A Ray of Hope* for Endangered Languages."
Type: Standard Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. كان عنوان شريحة البداية: "*بارقة أمل* للغات المهددة بالانقراض".

8. "*You're one foot in the grave* professionally if you antagonise that committee," Nadia warned,
Type: Cliché Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. حذرتها نادية قائلة: "ستكونين *على شفا حفرة من الموت* مهنيًا إذا عاديتِ تلك اللجنة".

9. At the head of the table sat *Sir* Edmund Fry - a man who,
Type: Title
P. Titles are cultural sometimes and don't exist in the same way in Arabic.
S. Use Transcription or Naturalization for cultural titles. / Use Translation for social titles (e.g., Mr. = سيد).
T. جلس *السير* إدموند فراي عند صدر الطاولة - وهو رجل،

10. She cited *Averroes* on the corruption of meaning and *Avicenna* on the clarity of thought.
Type: Proper Name
P. Proper nouns are cultural sometimes and don't exist in the same way in Arabic.
S. 1. Use Transcription for normal people's names. 2. Use Naturalization for important people (religious or historical) names.
T. وقد استشهدت بـ *ابن رشد* حول فساد المعنى و *ابن سينا* حول وضوح الفكر.

11. "This," she said quietly, "is a *window of opportunity* for every child who will one day open a newspaper and read in a language that almost wasn't saved."
Type: Original Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. قالت في هدوء: "إن هذه هي *نافذة فرص* لكل طفل سيفتح في يوم ما جريدة ويقرأ بلغة كادت ألا تُنقذ".

12. She smiled. "I just *played a straight bat*."
Type: Cultural Metaphor
P. Students translate metaphors word for word, treating them as individual words instead of looking at the indirect meaning.
S. To translate any metaphor, try to find an equivalent or, if none exists, ignore the literal translation to translate the direct meaning.
T. فابتسمت وقالت: "*لقد سلكت طريقاً شريفاً* فحسب".

مادة الگرمر لحد الآن من شرح رقية .... ⬇️⬇️⬇️

السلام عليكم

https://youtu.be/rxkUtYVmZ1U?si=MMdgoCZYRkE8dqDm

https://youtu.be/TRN6u5qu1oQ?si=DY1NbAJdl4bp0sNT

https://youtu.be/tc1EjLHyfFg?si=F0rX0CUSa8u2sPLk


https://youtu.be/qONXCwOe78o?si=J-N9hGcamUERKrcn


هاي الفيديوهات ضروري ترجعون تشوفوها وتستذكرون المعلومات والبروسس بين مينزلن الفيديوهات الجديدة لان الشرح مترابط

Chapter 6 by Ruqyya Jamal

@we_23civ
شرح رقية للفصل السادس في فديوات 2

Chapter 6 Part 1:
- Question Formation
- Yes/No Question Formation

https://youtu.be/ZAbfaXoRco4?si=r6dc5iNvwgSnjomZ

Chapter 6 Part 2:
- Wh Question Formation

https://youtu.be/8ZePUa59wVo?si=lNdmQYcv3x8E0oJL

هذني من مصطفى على شرح دكتورة سندس للفصل السادس
Chpater 6