#كورس_اول #فرنسي المفاضلة

تأنيث الصفات
حسب نهاية كل صفة
حسب بشنو تنتهي الصفة » وشلون تصير مؤنثة »


1. __ » -e
- Masculin: vert
- Féminin: verte

2. -e » -e
- Masculin: mince
- Féminin: mince

3. -er » -ère
- Masculin: premier
- Féminin: première

4. -on » -onne
- Masculin: bon
- Féminin: bonne

5. -en » -enne
- Masculin: ancien
- Féminin: ancienne

6. -et » -ette
- Masculin: coquet
- Féminin: coquette

7. -s » -sse
- Masculin: gros
- Féminin: grosse

8. Special Cases:
- beau » belle
- nouveau » nouvelle
- vieux » vieille

9. -eur » -euse
- Masculin: chanteur
- Féminin: chanteuse

10. -eux » -euse
- Masculin: heureux
- Féminin: heureuse

11. -f » -ve
- Masculin: neuf
- Féminin: neuve

توضيح بسيط متواضع يخص تأنيث الصفات

تأنيث الصفات
حسب نهاية كل صفة
حسب بشنو تنتهي الصفة » وشلون تصير مؤنثة »


1. __ » -e
- Masculin: vert
- Féminin: verte

2. -e » -e
- Masculin: mince
- Féminin: mince

3. -er » -ère
- Masculin: premier
- Féminin: première

4. -on » -onne
- Masculin: bon
- Féminin: bonne

5. -en » -enne
- Masculin: ancien
- Féminin: ancienne

6. -et » -ette
- Masculin: coquet
- Féminin: coquette

7. -s » -sse
- Masculin: gros
- Féminin: grosse

8. Special Cases:
- beau » belle
- nouveau » nouvelle
- vieux » vieille

9. -eur » -euse
- Masculin: chanteur
- Féminin: chanteuse

10. -eux » -euse
- Masculin: heureux
- Féminin: heureuse

11. -f » -ve
- Masculin: neuf
- Féminin: neuve

#كورس_اول #فرنسي

اعراب صيغة المفاضلة :

1. Marie est la moins intelligente.

Marie : sujet

est : verbe "être"

la : article défini

moins : adverbe

intelligente : adjectif au féminin

------------------
2. Sophie est la plus intelligente.

Sophie : sujet

est : verbe "être"

la : article défini

plus : adverbe

intelligente : adjectif au féminin

-------------
3. Sophie est très intelligente.

Sophie : sujet

est : verbe "être"

très : adverbe

intelligente : adjectif

⛔️⛔️. انتباه تم تعديل ( بالاشياء اللي تعرب adverb ) نكتب بس كلمة ماكو داعي نكمل

أسئلة اللغة الفرنسية شهر ثاني (بدون حل) - دكتورة نهى

وطلاب (المسائي) الأسبوع الجاي يوم الثلاثاء إعادة الامتحان (شهر ثالث "اختياري" بنفس المادة)

أسئلة الفرنسي الشهر الثاني مرحلة ثالثة مسائي

وطلاب الأسبوع الجاي يوم الثلاثاء إعادة الامتحان (شهر ثالث "اختياري" بنفس المادة)

Q1/ Donnez le féminin des adjectifs ..

1- Irakien
2- Complet
3- Gras
4- Vieux
5_ Large

Q2/Traduiser en arabe :-

It switches from one langue to l'autre but still tu peux do it and ressentir spécial at the same time.


Q3/ Changer au super latif:

1- Sylvie est plus grande que Jean. [ Sylvie (-)]

2- Tu est moins mince que Ali. [Ali (+) ]

3- Cette maison est plus belle que votre maison (tre's)

4. Le train est moins long que le quai [Le train (-)]

5- Elle est moins jeune que Pierre [Pierre (+)]

مادة اللغة الفصل الثالث (أشياء مهمة)

Linguistics chapter 3

The sounds of language or Phonetics

International phonetic alphabet or ( IPA ): Is an already established analytic framework for the study of speech segments that has been developed and refined for over a hundred years.


Phonetics: is the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds. It deals with the physical articulation and the tangible aspect of speech sounds.


★ Phonetics are of three types

1_ Articulatory phonetics, which is the study of how speech sounds are articulated.

2_ Acoustic phonetics, which deals with the physical properties of speech as Sound waves in the air.

3_ Auditory phonetics or perceptual phonetics, which deals with the perception of speech sounds via the ear.

Voiced and voiceless sounds

★ We investigate how speech sounds are produced using the fairly complex ( oral equipment ) يمكن فراغ


★ The airflow of producing the sound is as follows...

1_ First we start by pushing the air by the lungs up through the trachea or windpipe to the larynx.

2_ Then the air goes inside the larynx, which inside we have the focal folds or vocal cords.

3_ The air after passing the larynx comes up and out through the mouth or nose.

★ Inside the larynx are your
( vocal folds or vocal cords ) فراغ


★ The two basic positions of the vocal folds


1_ When the vocal folds are wide apart, the air from the lungs passes between them without any obstruction of the airflow, which produces the Voiceless sounds such as (S,F).

يصلح أيضاً تعريف ال Voiceless sounds


2_ When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through creating a vibration effect which produces the Voiced sounds such as (Z,V).

يصلح أيضاً تعريف ال Voiced sounds


Q_ How can we distinguish between voiced and voiceless sounds.

_ The distinction between the voiced and voiceless sounds can be felt physically. Bring your fingertip and place it on the top of your Adam's apple then produce sounds such as Z,V you'll be able to feel some vibration because these sounds are voiced. Repeat the process this time creating the S,F sounds you'll feel no vibration because these sounds are voiceless.

So in general sounds that make vibration are voiced and those that don't make vibration are voiceless.


★ Most consonants are produced by using the tongue and other parts of the mouth constrict.

★ We will study consonant sounds from two aspects

1_ Place of articulation.
2_ Manner of articulation.

First Place of Articulation.

1_ Bilabials: made with both lips.

(P) pat, (b) bat, (m) mat, (w) wet

2_ Labiodentals: the upper teeth with the lower lip.

(F) fat , (V) save

3_ Dentals: the tongue tip behind the upper teeth or between the teeth

( θ ) thin , ( ð ) this

★ In those cases when the tongue tip is between the teeth they maybe described as ( interdentals ) فراغ


4_ Alveolars: the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge
( the alveolar ridge is the rough area behind and above the upper teeth).

(T) top, (d) dog, (S) sit, (Z) zoo
(n) nut , (L) leg , ( r ) rain


5_ Palatals: the tongue and the hard palate ( the hard palate is on the roof of the mouth ).

( ʃ ) shop, ( ʧ ) chop, ( ʒ ) casual
( dʒ ) gem , ( j ) yes


6_ Velars: the back of the tongue on the velum ( soft palate)

(K) cat , (g) gun , ( ŋ ) song


7_ Glottals: using the glottis which is the open space between the vocal folds.

(h) hat

Second Manner of Articulation ( consonants )

1_ Stops: when we produce a stop consonant we block the airflow briefly then let it go suddenly with a little explosion. Such as

(P) (t) (k) voiceless
(b) (d) (g) voiced


2_ Fricatives: when we produce a fricative consonant we almost block the airflow and force it through a narrow gap creating a type of friction.

(F) (V) (S) (Z) ( ʃ ) ( ʒ ) (h) (ð) (θ)


3_ Affricates: when we combine a brief stopping of the airflow with a release through a narrow gap we produce the affricate sounds.

( ʧ ) voiceless, ( dʒ ) voiced

★ stop + fricative= affricate
But they need to be made with the same place of articulation ( Homorganic)


4_ Nasals: when we produce the nasal sounds the soft palate is lowered allowing the air to escape through the nasal cavity.

(m) (n) ( ŋ )

★ Nasals are voiced universally فراغ

★ In most consonants the soft palate is raised فراغ


5_ Liquids or Lateral: the air goes out from both sides of the tongue as the tip touches near the alveolar ridge.

(L) ( r ) both voiced

★ /r/ sound in English takes a curled shape nearly touching the alveolar ridge.


6_ Glides: they are produced with the tongue in motion or gliding, to or from the position of a vowel.

(W) ( j ) both voiced

★ Glides are also called semi-vowels فراغ

Vowels: are made without any obstruction to the airflow long and short vowels.

Diphthongs: are a glide from one vowel to another vowel from low towards high or the opposite.

Such as ( aɪ ) in the word my

Hamlet Scene 1, 2 Dr. Alyaa Lectures
هاملت المشهد 1 و 2 - محاضرات دكتورة علياء

طلاب دكتور عادل يكرر أسئلة الگرمر بكل شهر وهذني جوة مال الشهر الأول

هذني أسئلة الشهري

طبعاً حلول التمارين بنهاية الكتاب

Grammar 1st month - morning class B
أسئلة گرمر شهر أول صباحي شعبة B

### Q1
A- True or False (correct the mistaken statements)

1. False. All affixes are bound morphemes.
2. False. Infixes are used with irregular nouns, verbs, or adjectives.
3. True.
4. False. The same pronunciation but not the same meanings.
5. True.
6. False. (-ing is adjectival)

B- Identify the (-ed) in the following sentences as: Verbal, or Adjectival (3 marks)

1. The judge looked so frustrated.
- Looked (Verbal) - Frustrated (Adjectival)
2. First-grade students have designed the billboard.
- Designed (Verbal)
3. Iraqi museums have been neglected for ages.
- Neglected (Adjectival)

---

### Q2
A- Underline the base in:
1. views (base: view)
2. export (base: port)
3. Signature (base: sign)
4. Possible (base: possible كل الكلمة)