الگرمر
شهر أول 1️⃣ t.me/Homeworks_3/3643

شهر ثاني 2️⃣ t.me/Homeworks_3/952 (شرح سريع)

Morphology 1st term 2nd exam 2024

أسئلة امتحان الگرمر الشهر الثاني 2024
Q1:
1. B) Backformation
2. B) Reduplication
3. B) Clipping
4. A) Compounding
5. B) Blending
6. B) Invention

### Q2:
1. N.
2. Adv.
3. Adj.
4. UW
5. Adv.
6. UW



Q3 A

1. Stratum - Strata
2. Stimulus - Stimuli
3. Information - Information
4. Hypothesis - Hypotheses
5. Calf - Calves
6. Sheep - Sheep
7. Fedayee - Fedayeen
8. Mouse - Mice

Q4 -A-:

1. Gold - Golden
2. Meddle - Meddlesome
3. Collect - Collective
4. Region - Regional
5. Child - Childish
6. Please - Pleasing



Q4 -B- How do you test whether a noun is singular or plural?

الحل هنا بهاي الرسالة
https://t.me/Homeworks_3/962

أسئلة گرمر شهر ثاني 2024
Q1:
1. safe → Adj.
2. anti-clockwise → Adv.
3. instructions → N.
4. at → Adv.
5. better → Adj.
6. chaos → UW 

Q2:
1. Possession/Belongingness
الدكتور على أساس يگول Subject of Act

2. Characterization/Description
أو Possession/Belongingness

3. Subject of Act
على أساس Object of act

4. Object of Act


Q3A:
1. Sheep
2. Oases
3. Stimuli
4. Media
5. Geese
6. Opera


Q3B: أكثر من حل صح
- Child:
Childish
Childless

- Culture:
Cultural
Cultured
Cultic 

- Exist:
Existential
Existentialist
Existing

- Friend:
Friendly
Friendless


Q4:
طبعاً أكثر من مثال للفائدة
1. Reduplication: Forming new words by doubling a morpheme, usually with a change of vowel or initial consonant. e.g.
Bye-bye
Pooh-pooh

2. Compounding: The joining of two or more separate words to form a new word. e.g.

Note+book= notebook
Snow+man= snowman
Sun+flower= sunflower


3. Derivation: Forming new words by combining derivational affixes or bound bases with existing words. e.g.
Unkind (un- + kind)
Teacher (teach + -er)

Morphology
أسئلة گرمر شهر ثاني 2024
Q1
1.selves
2.criteria
3.Information
4.hypotheses
5.beliefs
6.sheep
7.strata
8.Oxen

Q2/
1. N.
2. Adv.
3. Adj.
4. UW
5. UW
6. Adv.

Q3. B.
1. Subject of act or possession (belongingness)

2. Subject of act
3. Measure
4. Object of act

Q3 طلاب هذا سؤال الإضافات
أكثر من حل صح إلهن
1. Complain
- Complaint
- Complainer

2. Prove
- Proof
- Provenance
- Prover

3. Collect
- Collection
- Collector
- Collectible

4. Different
- Difference
- Differentiation

5. Child
- Childhood
- Children

6. Please
- Pleasure
- Plea

Q4
1. Acronymy: Creating a new word from the initial letters of a set of other words. E.g.

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

VIP (Very important person)


2. Blending: Combining parts of two words to produce a single new word. e.g.
Brunch (breakfast + lunch)
Motel (motor + hotel)
Smog (smoke + fog)

3. Clipping: Reducing words of more than one syllable to a shorter form, which refers to the whole word. e.g.
Gym (gymnasium)
Phone (telephone)
Ad (advertisement)

🚨❗Q1 + Q2 مداخلات 🚨❗

Q2/ Identify the Suffixal homophones in the following sentences:

1. Her writing is interesting.
-ing writing (nominal / N. -al)
interesting (Adjectival / Adj. -al)

2. My teacher has a brotherly manner.
-ly brotherly ( Adj. -al)

3. Your chosen glitter is charming.
-ing (charming) (Adj. -al)

4. Shakespeare's writings are highly interesting.
-ing
writings (N. -al)
interesting (Adj. -al)

-ly highly (Adverbial / Adv. -al)

5. The burning house leads all neighboring houses to be departed.
-ing
burning (N. -al)
neighboring (Adj. -al)

6. The scholarly managers are presenting an amazing paper.

-ly
scholarly (Adj. -al)
-ing
presenting (Verbal / V. -al)

7. Your convincing tale has completely attracted the hearers' attention.
-ing
convincing (Adj. -al)
-ly
completely (Adv. -al)

8. The popularized people you know are behaving mannerly.
-ed
popularized (Adj. -al)

-ly
mannerly (Adv. -al)

Q3

Q4

Q3
1. school
- Noun:
- Sing.: school
- Pl.: schools

- Verb:
- Base: school
- 3rd P. Sing.: schools
- Present Participl/Gerund: schooling
- Past: schooled
- P.P.: schooled

- Begin (V.)
Begin, begins, began, begun, beginning,

-. Scissors ✂️
(not a noun, it is plural only word)
Good (Adj.)
Good, Better, best

- Foot (N.)
Foot, feet

- Sleep (V.) + (N.)
(V.) Sleep, sleeps, slept, sleeping
(N.) sleep, sleeps

- together (Uninflected word / UW)

- deadly (Adj.)
Deadly, deadlier, deadliest

- mathematics (not a noun, it is plural only word)

- learn (V.)
(V.) Learn, learns, learned, learning, learned

Q3/B

1. Seafood (n.)
Compound
2. Manly (adj.)
Complex
3. Keep (v.)
Simple
4. Unable (adj.)
Complex
5. Hygiene (n.)
Simple
6. Whitehouse (n.)
Compound
7. Stay-at-home (adj.)
compound
8. Refusal (n.)
Complex

9. Skinik (n.)
Complex

10. Pure (adj.)
Simple

Q4 /A/ طبعا هذا عنوان الفصل العاشر يريد نختار 3 تعاريف من الفصل العاشر مع أمثلة

Q4 /B / ⬇️⬇️⬇️

Q2 + Q3

Q4 /B/
1. Object of act
2. Belongings or Possession

3. object of act
4. Measure
5. Subject of act
6. Belongings or Possession / subject of act
7. Measure

1. Morpheme: is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. It is a word or a part of a word, like a prefix or suffix, that has meaning on its own.

1. Simple: free morpheme
Example: Ice 🧊

2. Compound word: free morphemes
ركزوا جمع كلمة مورفيمز هنا
Examples: Ice-cream 🍨


3. Complex:
- free + bound morpheme
Example: Dogs 🐕 🐕 🐕


- bound + free morpheme
Example: Unhappy 😞


- bound + bound morpheme
Example: Television 📺


1. Phonological conditioning: it is the regular plural and past forms of words are conditioned by the phoneme.
Examples:
[s pl]: Nouns مال جمع الأسماء
/s/ cats - after voiceless
/z/ dogs - after voiced
/ɪz/ boxes

[d pt]: Past form of verb مال الفعل الماضي
/t/ laughed
/d/ waved
/ɪd/ waited


5. word is a basic unit of language that has the meaning and can be spoken or written.

E.g.
- cat = small animal / pet 🐈


Q1: B
1. Ad: Advertisement
2. Escalator: Escalade + -or
3. Smog: Smoke + Fog
4. Telecast: Television + Broadcast

Q4/ A

1. in 🚪 = Adv.
2. The feverish child 😷 = Adj. + N.
3. Liar 🤥 = Adj.
4. rich 🤑 = Adj.
5. Quickly ⏩ = Adv.
6. Potatoes 🥔🥔 = N.
7. Growing 💗 = Adj.

Q4: B
يريد نجر خط تحت free morphemes
1.
A. Selective
B. Preview


4. Downpour
- grammatical structure: V. + Adv.

6. يريد نجر خط تحت stem
6. Playboys

Q5 /
3.


a. The attorney made a moving appeal.
- Moving: Adjective (Adj)

b. A moving elephant is a picture of grace.
- Moving: Adjective (Adj)

c. A refreshing shower poured down.
- Refreshing: Adjective (Adj)

Grammar Chapter 10: Word Formation
تعاريف الفصل العاشر مع أمثلة
كتابة مثال واحد مع الحل يكفي
لأن الفصل العاشر يجي منة بس تعاريف حسب مكال الدكتور
✨✅ اللي حافظ تعاريف مادة اللغة - الفصل الخامس ينعد تقريبأ مضبط هذا الفصل لأن أغلبهن متشابهات هنا
وإذا تكتبون هذني أو ذنيچ بمادة اللغة كلهن صح ✨✅

Q3: Write the plurals of the following words:

The answer:

Singular - Plural

1. Stratum - Strata 📊
2. Foot - Feet 👣
3. Tennis - Tennis 🎾
4. Hypothesis - Hypotheses 📚
5. Calf - Calves 🐄
6. Medium - Media 🖥️
7. Nucleus - Nuclei ⚛️
8. Half - Halves ➗
9. Oasis - Oases 🌴
10. Louse - Lice 🐞
11. Datum - Data 📊
12. Oasis - Oases 🌴
13. Mouse - Mice 🐭
14. Stimulus - Stimuli 📈
15. Ox - Oxen 🐂
16. Criterion - Criteria 📏
17. Stratum - Strata 📊
18. Hypothesis - Hypotheses 📚
19. Sheep - Sheep 🐑
20. Stimulus - Stimuli 📈
21. Fedayee - Fedayeen 🪖
22. Criterion - Criteria 📏
23. Oasis - Oases 🌴
24. Information - Information (remains the same, as it is uncountable) ℹ️
25. Stimulus - Stimuli 📈
26. Crisis - Crises ⚠️
27. Wolf - Wolves 🐺
28. Tooth - Teeth 🦷
29. Fedayee - Fedayeen 🪖
30. Fish - Fish 🐟

---

The words grouped by their similar endings:

### Words ending in "-um" with plurals ending in "-a"
1. Stratum - Strata 📊
2. Datum - Data 📊
3. Medium - Media 🖥️

### Words ending in "-is" with plurals ending in "-es"
1. Hypothesis - Hypotheses 📚
2. Oasis - Oases 🌴
3. Crisis - Crises ⚠️

### Words ending in "-us" with plurals ending in "-i"
1. Nucleus - Nuclei ⚛️
2. Stimulus - Stimuli 📈

### Words ending in "-f" or "-fe" with plurals ending in "-ves"
1. Calf - Calves 🐄
2. Half - Halves ➗
3. Wolf - Wolves 🐺

### Words ending in "-on" with plurals ending in "-a"
1. Criterion - Criteria 📏

### Words with irregular plurals (changing vowels or endings)
1. Foot - Feet 👣
2. Louse - Lice 🐞
3. Mouse - Mice 🐭
4. Tooth - Teeth 🦷
5. Ox - Oxen 🐂

### Words with unchanged plurals (same form in singular and plural)
1. Sheep - Sheep 🐑
2. Fish - Fish 🐟
3. Information - Information ℹ️ (uncountable)
4. Advice - Advice 💡

### Words with foreign plural forms
1. Fedayee - Fedayeen 🪖


### Regular plurals (adding -s or -es)
1. Cat 🐈 - Cats 🐈 🐈
2. Dog 🦴🐕 - dogs 🐕🐕🦴
3. Box - Boxes 📦🥡

هذني كل كلمات الجمع والمفرد العدنا بالموضوع مال الفصل

### 1. Words with Regular Plurals
Rule: Most nouns form their plurals by simply adding -s or -es.

- doctor - doctors 👨‍⚕️
- carpenter - carpenters 🛠️
- brother - brothers 👨‍👦
- cloud - clouds ☁️
- duck - ducks 🦆
- tribe - tribes 👥
- family - families (change -y to -ies) 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
- team - teams ⚽
- committee - committees 👥
- faculty - faculties (change -y to -ies) 🎓
- choir - choirs 🎶
- band - bands 🎸
- staff - staffs 👨‍🏫
- hat - hats 🎩
- fad - fads 🎉
- kiss - kisses (add -es) 💋
- bear - bears 🐻
- antelope - antelopes 🦌
- pig - pigs 🐷
- goat - goats 🐐
- sucker - suckers 🍬
- muskie - muskies 🎣
- bullhead - bullheads 🐟
- pheasant - pheasants 🦉
- guitar - guitars 🎸
- cigar - cigars 🚬
- lariat - lariats 🤠
- canyon - canyons 🌄
- alligator - alligators 🐊
- barbecue - barbecues 🍖
- cafeteria - cafeterias 🍽️

### 2. Irregular Plurals
Rule: Some nouns change vowels, endings, or have unique forms in their plurals.

- man - men (change vowel) 👨
- woman - women (change vowel) 👩
- ox - oxen (add -en) 🐂
- child - children (add -ren) 👶
- brother - brothers / brethren (archaic form, not commonly used) 👥
- goose - geese (change vowel) 🦢
- tooth - teeth (change vowel) 🦷
- foot - feet (change vowel) 🦶
- louse - lice (change vowel) 🦗
- mouse - mice (change vowel) 🐁
- calf - calves (change -f to -ves) 🐄
- knife - knives (change -f to -ves) 🔪
- half - halves (change -f to -ves) 🕛
- loaf - loaves (change -f to -ves) 🍞
- self - selves (change -f to -ves) 🙋
- wife - wives (change -f to -ves) 👰

### 3. Plural-Only Words
Rule: These nouns only exist in the plural form and do not have a singular counterpart.

- clothes 👕
- environs 🌍
- trousers / pants 🩳 👖
- oats 🌾
- pliers 🔧
- suds 🧼
- cattle 🐄
- scissors ✂️
- goods 📦
- police 👮

### 4. Singular-Only Words
Rule: These nouns only exist in the singular form and do not have a plural counterpart.

- news 📰

### 5. Words with Identical Singular and Plural Forms
Rule: These nouns have the same form for both singular and plural.

- tennis 🎾
- courage 💪
- haste ⏱️
- Japanese 🇯🇵
- fish 🐟
- sheep 🐑
- deer 🦌
- quail 🦆
- species 🧬
- bass 🎸
- carp 🐟
- perch 🐟
- pickerel 🐟
- grouse 🦆
- Chinese 🇨🇳
- sugar 🍬
- hair 💇‍♀️
- sand 🏖️

### 6. Latin or Greek Derived Plurals
Rule: Nouns from Latin or Greek often follow their original pluralization rules.

- datum - data 📊
- phenomenon - phenomena 🌟
- criterion - criteria 🛠️
- thesis - theses 📜
- alumnus - alumni 🎓
- formula - formulas/formulae 📐
- opus - opera 🎶
- appendix - appendixes 📚
- stratum - strata 🏔️
- hypothesis - hypotheses 💡
- syllabus - syllabi 📚
- curriculum - curricula 📜
- stimulus - stimuli ⚡
- memorandum - memoranda 📄
- nucleus - nuclei 🔬
- analysis - analyses 🔍
- medium - media 📡

### 7. Words with Multiple Plural Forms
Rule: Some nouns have more than one acceptable plural form.

- staff - staffs/staves 🧑‍🏫
- hoof - hoofs/hooves 🐎
- scarf - scarfs/scarves 🧣
- mosquito - mosquitoes/mosquitos 🦟

### 8. Words from Other Languages
Rule: Words borrowed from other languages often retain their original plural forms.

- fedayee - fedayeen 🥷
- kibbutz - kibbutzim 🏘️
- graffito - graffiti 🎨

Plurals

Grammar - Chapter 11 (كامل) - Inflectional Paradigms
+ Chapter 10 - Word Formation التعاريف
گرمر الفصل 11 شرح كامل
عائلة الاسم
عائلة الفعل
عائلة الصفة
➕✨ الفصل 10 التعاريف ✨
https://youtube.com/watch?v=KmAeOItFvQA&si=eqHk1f3r_coTdMK5

Grammar Chapter 10: Word Formation
تعاريف الفصل العاشر مع أمثلة
كتابة مثال واحد مع الحل يكفي
لأن الفصل العاشر يجي منة بس تعاريف حسب مكال الدكتور
✨✅ اللي حافظ تعاريف مادة اللغة - الفصل الخامس ينعد تقريبأ مضبط هذا الفصل لأن أغلبهن متشابهات هنا
وإذا تكتبون هذني أو ذنيچ بمادة اللغة كلهن صح ✨✅

Grammar - Chapter 12
- Parts of Speech: Form Classes
Noun / Verb / Adjective / Adverb / Uninflected Word
گرمر - الفصل 12 - أقسام الكلام
الاسم / الفعل / الصفة / الظرف / كلمة غير مصرفة
https://youtube.com/watch?v=dHakuHijfWo&si=_vvxwBPaBZ-tUajE