Chapter 7: Grammar

✅ 1. Morphological Analysis
Q1: Identify the type of the morphemes

أول موضوع اللي هوة الإعراب
نحدد نوع المورفيمز
أكو
1. Inflectional morphemes
Sure! Here are the morphemes with their abbreviations and specific words:

- Noun plural: desserts
- Noun possessive: Betty’s
- Verb present tense: eats
- Verb past tense: baked
- Verb past participle: eaten
- Verb present participle: eating
- Adjective comparative: larger
- Adjective superlative: largest

2. Derivational morphemes:
كل الإضافات للكلمات (Affixes) باستثناء الموجودات ب inflectional morphemes

3. Lexical morphemes
هن الكلمات الكاملة مثل:
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs,

4. Functional morphemes
مثل أدوات التعريف، حروف الجر، الضمائر، أدوات الربط
Articles, Prepositions, Pronouns, Conjunctions
الشرح عنهن بالفصل 6 كل نقطة موضوع

✅ 2. The Parts of Speech
ممكن تعداد تعاريف فراغات

✅ 3.

4. Agreement:
Number, Person, Tense, Voice (active/passive)

5. Gender
Grammatical gender × Natural gender
هذني عالأغلب مقارنة أو شرح وكلش مهمات لازم يجن

6. The perspective approach × the descriptive approach
مثل القبله مقارنة أو إلى آخره

- The descriptive approach structural analysis
هاي ممكن تجيب لنا فراغات شنو اللي يناسب بهذا الفراغ
V. N. Pr. Obj. Adv. إلى آخره

أتوقع أكو بعد شغلات
وإن شاء الله أدقق وأگلكم

https://youtu.be/VFb5BqcAwPk?si=b90x4JM3RduVhR1y

#كورس_ثاني #لغة

امتحان اللغة الشهر الأول: شرح الفصل السادس بواسطة حيدر علي

@MZQ_20
مصطفى مازن: مادة امتحان اللغة الشهر الأول

الملف يحتوي تقريبا كلشيي مهم ومو مهم بل اضافة لملاحظات الدكتورة يلي كالتهن خلال المحاضرات++ سويت تعديلات على بعض التعاريف والنقاط حتى تكون مضبوطة اكثر

Linguistics 1st month exam
Dr. Marwa

Q1:

1. Inflectional Morphemes:
They are bound morphemes show the grammatical function of a word (e.g., plural, present and past tense, possessive, comparative, superlative, p.p.). English has eight inflectional morphemes, all suffixes.

Examples:
- Ali's brothers have talked to me, and eaten dinner:
Singular Possessive (-'s) » Ali's
+ plural (-s) » brothers
+ past participle (p.p.) (-ed) » talked
+ past participle (p.p.) (-en) » eaten

The students' teacher is here.
Plural possessive » students'

- Ali plays football.
3rd person singular (-s) » plays

- Ali is playing football.: Present participle (-ing) » playing

- Ali played football.:
Past tense » played

- Ali is faster than me.:
Comparative (-er) » faster

- Ali is the fastest.:
Superlative (-est) fastest



2. Natural Gender: is the distinction between male and female, referring to the classification of nouns based on biological differences rather than grammatical rules.

E.g.: Zena loves her cat.
E.g.: "Boy" is male, "girl" is female



Q2: Show the lexical and functional morphemes

Lexical and Functional Morphemes

Lexical morphemes are free morphemes that are ordinary nouns (girl, house), verbs (break, sit), adjectives (long, sad), and adverbs (never, always). These carry the "content" of messages and are an "open" class of words because we can invent (create) new words like nouns or verbs and add them to the English language easily.

However, functional morphemes are free morphemes that are articles (a, the), conjunctions (and, because), prepositions (on, near), and pronouns (it, me). These serve grammatical functions and are a "closed" class of words because we can't create new conjunctions or prepositions, so they are limited.

Chapter 6-7 Highlights - The Study of Language - Eighth Edition
تأشير دكتورة مروة الفصل 6-7 من الطبعة الثامنة من الكتاب (اللي نستخدمها)

Linguistics - 1st Month Exam - Model (A - B) 3rd year 2025
أسئلة إمتحان الشهر الأول مادة اللغة - دكتورة مروة

Linguistics 1st monthly exam practice test :
أسئلة من مصطفى مازن عن امتحان اللغة اختبروا نفسكم بيها 👏
Q1\ define the following :

1_ grammatical gender
2_ Morphs
3_ inflectional morphemes
4_ verbs
5_ morphemes
6_ The prescriptive approach

Q2/ Fill in the blanks:

1. The study of forms in English is called ..............

2. ............. can be a word or part of it and contain meaning.

3. ............. cannot stand alone as independent words.
4. Morphemes are divided into two main categories: ............ and .............

5. All ........... are bound morphemes because they must be attached to other morphemes.

6. In English, ............. is used to change some verbs into nouns.

7. The word "personalities" consists of 4 morphemes: ........... , .......... ,.......... and ............

8. We use the ........... to modify different grammatical aspects such as plurality.

9. The suffix "er" in "bigger" is an example of an .............. morpheme, but in "teacher" it is a ............ morpheme.

10. Inflectional morphemes ............ only at the end of a word.

11. The suffix......... is used to change adjectives into nouns.

12. The study of the structure and rules of a language is called ...........

13. The eight ........... in English include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

14. The sentence "The quickly dog runs" is .....................

15. In hierarchical organization, every sentence consists of a ............ and ...........

16. The study of how different languages structure words and sentences is called ............

17. Structural analysis deals with .............

18. Exemplify Kanuri language: ..........

19. The plural morpheme in English has different ............

20. Articles (a, an, the) classify nouns as either ......... or .........

21. In English, grammatical gender does not exist, but in Spanish, nouns are classified as .......... or ............

22. The noun phrase in a sentence typically functions as the ..........

23. Traditional grammar is based on classical languages like ......... and .............

24. In ............ , smaller units are combined to form phrases within a sentence.

25. The structural analysis approach uses ........... to analyze sentences.

26. ........ are the actual forms used to realize morphemes.

27. The prefixes in Kanuri are used to derive .......... from .........

28. List the bound morphemes in these words: renewed, unhappiness, illegal.

29. Exemplify derivational morpheme: ............

30. In the prescriptive approach, you must not end ..............

31. Word order typology classifies English as having an ............ structure.

32. The terms that we are using nowadays and taken from Greek and Latin are the .................

Q3/ Give the Parts of speech of the underlined words in following sentences:

1_ She quickly finished her homework.

2_They bought a beautiful painting

3_ She always arrives early to class

4_ The small cat sat on the chair

Q4/ Show the constituent analysis of the following sentences :

1_ The little boy found a lost cat

2_ The hardworking students completed their assignment on time

3_ The little boy found a red ball under the table

أسئلة من مصطفى مازن عن امتحان اللغة اختبروا نفسكم بيها 👏

مادة امتحان الشهر الأول - رواية الحرف القرمزي (أول 7 فصول)
The Scarlet Letter 1st month Exam (The first 7 chapters) ⬇️⬇️⬇️

💭 رؤايةه كؤرس ثاني ، المادةه كاملةه بشكل تام .