Chapter 7: Grammar

✅ 1. Morphological Analysis
Q1: Identify the type of the morphemes

أول موضوع اللي هوة الإعراب
نحدد نوع المورفيمز
أكو
1. Inflectional morphemes
Sure! Here are the morphemes with their abbreviations and specific words:

- Noun plural: desserts
- Noun possessive: Betty’s
- Verb present tense: eats
- Verb past tense: baked
- Verb past participle: eaten
- Verb present participle: eating
- Adjective comparative: larger
- Adjective superlative: largest

2. Derivational morphemes:
كل الإضافات للكلمات (Affixes) باستثناء الموجودات ب inflectional morphemes

3. Lexical morphemes
هن الكلمات الكاملة مثل:
Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs,

4. Functional morphemes
مثل أدوات التعريف، حروف الجر، الضمائر، أدوات الربط
Articles, Prepositions, Pronouns, Conjunctions
الشرح عنهن بالفصل 6 كل نقطة موضوع

✅ 2. The Parts of Speech
ممكن تعداد تعاريف فراغات

✅ 3.

4. Agreement:
Number, Person, Tense, Voice (active/passive)

5. Gender
Grammatical gender × Natural gender
هذني عالأغلب مقارنة أو شرح وكلش مهمات لازم يجن

6. The perspective approach × the descriptive approach
مثل القبله مقارنة أو إلى آخره

- The descriptive approach structural analysis
هاي ممكن تجيب لنا فراغات شنو اللي يناسب بهذا الفراغ
V. N. Pr. Obj. Adv. إلى آخره

أتوقع أكو بعد شغلات
وإن شاء الله أدقق وأگلكم

https://youtu.be/VFb5BqcAwPk?si=b90x4JM3RduVhR1y

#كورس_ثاني #لغة

امتحان اللغة الشهر الأول: شرح الفصل السادس بواسطة حيدر علي

@MZQ_20
مصطفى مازن: مادة امتحان اللغة الشهر الأول

الملف يحتوي تقريبا كلشيي مهم ومو مهم بل اضافة لملاحظات الدكتورة يلي كالتهن خلال المحاضرات++ سويت تعديلات على بعض التعاريف والنقاط حتى تكون مضبوطة اكثر

Linguistics 1st month exam
Dr. Marwa

Q1:

1. Inflectional Morphemes:
They are bound morphemes show the grammatical function of a word (e.g., plural, present and past tense, possessive, comparative, superlative, p.p.). English has eight inflectional morphemes, all suffixes.

Examples:
- Ali's brothers have talked to me, and eaten dinner:
Singular Possessive (-'s) » Ali's
+ plural (-s) » brothers
+ past participle (p.p.) (-ed) » talked
+ past participle (p.p.) (-en) » eaten

The students' teacher is here.
Plural possessive » students'

- Ali plays football.
3rd person singular (-s) » plays

- Ali is playing football.: Present participle (-ing) » playing

- Ali played football.:
Past tense » played

- Ali is faster than me.:
Comparative (-er) » faster

- Ali is the fastest.:
Superlative (-est) fastest



2. Natural Gender: is the distinction between male and female, referring to the classification of nouns based on biological differences rather than grammatical rules.

E.g.: Zena loves her cat.
E.g.: "Boy" is male, "girl" is female



Q2: Show the lexical and functional morphemes

Lexical and Functional Morphemes

Lexical morphemes are free morphemes that are ordinary nouns (girl, house), verbs (break, sit), adjectives (long, sad), and adverbs (never, always). These carry the "content" of messages and are an "open" class of words because we can invent (create) new words like nouns or verbs and add them to the English language easily.

However, functional morphemes are free morphemes that are articles (a, the), conjunctions (and, because), prepositions (on, near), and pronouns (it, me). These serve grammatical functions and are a "closed" class of words because we can't create new conjunctions or prepositions, so they are limited.

Chapter 6-7 Highlights - The Study of Language - Eighth Edition
تأشير دكتورة مروة الفصل 6-7 من الطبعة الثامنة من الكتاب (اللي نستخدمها)

Linguistics - 1st Month Exam - Model (A - B) 3rd year 2025
أسئلة إمتحان الشهر الأول مادة اللغة - دكتورة مروة