🙂Magnesium hydroxide (antacid)
has a strong laxative effect which ,use treatment of gastric ulcer with Constipation.

🙃 aluminum hydroxide (antacid)
has a constipating action which use in treatment of gastric ulcer with diarrhea.

😉A helpful mnemonic is magnesium “magnifies” stool, aluminum hALts the stool.

🙂Alosetron
a potent 5-HT3 antagonist, is approved for treatment of women with severe Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.

🙃Lubiprostone
a laxative that activates the type 2 chloride channels in the small intestine, is approved for treatment of women with Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation.

✍Raynaud's phenomenon treated by :-

👉1- Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2)derivatives like (EPOPROSTENOL & ILIOPROST)

👉2- alpha blockers like (PRAZOCINE...)

👉3- calcium channel blockers, such as the dihydropyridines NIFEDIPINE or AMLODIPINE, preferably slow release preparations – are often first line treatment.

✍Pulmonary hypertension drugs :-

👉1- Sildenafil ➡Inhibits PDE-5 .

👉2- Epoprostenol, iloprost PGI2 (prostacyclin) derivatives.

👉3- BosENtan &Amprezantan Competitively antagonizes ENdothelin receptors ➡ decrease pulmonary vascular resistance.

🙈treatement of cyanide poisoning

1)sodium nitrate
2) sodium thiosulfate
3)I.V vitamine C
4) methylene blue 1-2 mg/kg as Emergency and given Intravenously

5) hydroxycobalamine is the most recently developed cyanide antidot.

👉Asprin should not be used
in atrial fibrillation because asprin can,t prevent embolic stroke and it is associated by bleeding risk .


👉To treat thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation we use warfarin,factor X inhibitors(rivaroxaban), thrombin inhibitor ( dabigatran)

👉β-blockers (ACEBUTOLOL and PINDOLOL:-
Antagonists with partial agonist activity are NOT USED for stable angina or arrhythmias due to their partial agonist effect.

✍Pyridoxine/doxylamine (غير آمن)

📍is a combination of PYRIDOXINE hydrochloride (vitamin B6) and DOXYLAMINE succinate (antihistamine).

📍prescribed for the management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (morning sickness).

👌PROMETHAZINE or MECLIZINE with VITAMIN B6 also used for morning sickness .(آمن وأفضل )

🙊غثيان المرأة الحامل يكون مصاحب بنقصان B6 لذلك نعطي vitamin B6 مع علاج الغثيان .

✍Hypertension in
pregnancy drugs:-

1-Hydralazine
2- labetalol
3- methyldopa
4- nifedipine.

👉the first-line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy is :-

🙈hydralazine is used for pregnancy induced hypertension (during pregnancy ).

🙈 Methyldopa is used for pregnant women who was hypertensive.

✍Hypertensive
emergency drugs :-

👉Treat with
1-clevidipine
2- fenoldopam
3- labetalol
4- nicardipine
5- nitroprusside.

✍B-blockers which used in treatment of heart failure 👉MBC
●Metoprolol
●Bisoprolol
●Carvedilol

✍Adenosine used as a first choice for treatment of paroxysmal Supraventricular tachycardia

👌Phenylephrine also used .

Arrhythmias drugs for different arrhythmia :
💊Propranolol is treatment the arrhythmia that cause by hyperthyrodism

💊Lidocaine: is treatment the arrhythmia that cause by digitalis

💊Flecainide: is treatment arrhythmia of wolff parkinson white syndrome


💊Magnesium sulfalte: is treatment the digitalis arrhythmia and arrhythmia of (Torsade de point)


#Group_Four
هاشم السواري#

👨‍⚕Osteoarthritis...advised to weight loss

👨‍⚕Systemic lopus erythematosus(SLE)...avoid sun light

👨‍⚕Reiter's diseases...advised to rest

👨‍⚕ankylosing spondylitis ...advised to exercise

👨‍⚕septic arthritis...avoid prolonged rest

👨‍⚕systemic scleromderma(s s)....avoid exposure to cold

Related to pharmalogy

#Groub_Four

🙈Thiazide diuretics Toxicity can remember by HyperGLUC; hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia and hyperCalcemia.

Bethanichol BBB
Bethanichol used in :-
1- post-operative urin retention
2- paralytic ilius

So its mnemonic is(BBB) :-
Beth activate Bowel and Bladder.

BCG vaccine used for bladder cancer

مجموعة أسئلة مكرره للدكتور حسن الشماحي للترمين :-

1- Name the toxins produced by streptococcus pyogenes and mention their activities?

2 - what are function of hospital sterilization and disinfection unit ?

3 - Causes of pyrexia of unknown origin ?

4 - Mention the 2 types of leprosy and what the difference between them?

5 - what are the procedures to prevent hospital acquired infection?

6 - Morphology of shigella?

7 - treatment of the gonorrhoea?

8 - treatment of tuberculosis?

9 - what about H.pylori (diagnosis, treatment )?

10 - Name 7 aminoglycosides antibiotics and main clinical use ?

11- Name 3 group of cephalosporins and give example for each one and their antibacterial spectrum?
* هنا كمان احتمال يذكر ال penicillin بدل ال cephalosporins

12- Name the common bacteria of mouth flora?

13 - Name S.aureus toxins ?

14 - Describe the 2 main method of testing anti-microbial drugs?

15- Name the enterotoxins produced by E.coli and mention their characteristics?

16 - write in short the pathogenicity of E.coli ?

17 - what the function of antibiotics?

18 - Drow 2 types of plasmid and write the different structure ?

19 - what's the Aminoglycosids?

20 - Name antibiotics usally active against enterobacteria ?

21 - Name the two principal method of sensitivity tests?

22 - Importance of HSDU in hospital ?