السلااام عليكم

كل عشرة طلاب يشتركوا في ارنب لمعمل الفارماا .... بكرة إن شاء الله

معمل الميكروا اليوم
Biochemical Test reaction

✍Bad breath (fetor oris) , also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the breath. It can result in anxiety among those affected. It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.

👉bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases. Of those who have genuine bad breath, about 85% of cases come from inside the mouth. The remaining cases are believed to be due to disorders in the nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, esophagus, or stomach. Rarely, bad breath can be due to an underlying medical condition such as liver failure or ketoacidosis.

👉 Non-genuine cases occur when someone feels they have bad breath but someone else cannot detect it. This is estimated to make up between 5% and 70% of cases.

👉Estimated rates of bad breath vary from 6% to 50% of the population. Concern about bad breath is the third most common reason people seek dental care, after tooth decay and gum disease. It is believed to become more common as people age.

👉 Bad breath is viewed as a social taboo and those affected may be stigmatized.
👉People in the United States spend more than $1 billion per year on mouthwash to treat the condition.

مساااء الخير 😍

بكرة معمل الفارما بيكون نظري فقط بالمدرج والعملي بيكون في وقت ثاني مش بكرة.....

لانه الوقت ضيق وكمان المعمل مايتسع لمجموعتين

يعني بكرة ماابش ارانب

سلاااام الله عليكم ..

للتذكير 🔴🔴

بكرة معمل الفارماا بيكون بعد محاضرة الطفيليااات واذ مااحضر الدكتور بيتقدم المعمل بدل المحاضرة

الطلاااب اللي معاهم اختبار مناااعة يقدروا يحضروا مع جروبااات الاسبوع الجاااي

مساء الخير ع الجميع
امتحان عملي طفيليات بيكون يوم الاحد الثاني بتاريخ 6/10
بالتوفيق للجميع ان شاءالله
د.فاطمه

✍cardiolipin antigen, used in syphilis serology which may appear in lupus patients, and therefore lupus patients may have a false-positive test result for syphilis.

👉 The most common causes of death in SLE Patients are renal failure and intercurrent infections. also coronary artery disease is becoming an important cause of death.

🔴Exercise 1
1)are:
  a-boy 5 years old
  b- recurrent bacterial infection
  c- normal Antibodies & B cell & T cell
  d- deficient in NADPH oxchroni

2) chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

3) H2O2 produce by organism in some time they produce catalase which destroy H2O2 but strept .Pneumoni doesn't pruduce catalase  so it killed by H2O2 >> no infection

4)X-linked disease so it affects male mor than female

🔴Exercis 2 :
1)are :
 a-3 weaks of age
 b-swelling  ,redeness around umblical cord without pus formation
 c-no  WBC around the inflamation
 d-normal Ig & B cell & T cell count and function

2)Leukocyte adhesion deficiency   (LAD)
3)due to defect in adhesiin mulecules integrin (CD18)

4) a : LAD
●impair emigration of WBC
●No abscess
●no defect in phagicytosis
b: CGD
●no impair in emigration
●Abscess is present
●defect in phagocytosis

🔴Exercise 4 :
1) are :
 a- 6 days
 b- anomalies
 c- hypocalciemia
 d- no CD3 T cell & no IgG

2) Digeorges syndrome (no thymus ,no parathyroid gland )
 
3)attenuated vaccine is T cell dependent antigen >>in T cell >> no B cell activation >>no Ab production

4)because no class switching due to no cytokine from T cell

🔴Exercise 5:
1)are :
 a- 9 months
 b- recurrent infection
 c- T cell normal
 d- No B cell & no Ig class

2)because maternal IgG that crossed placenta give him passive immunity till 9 months

3)X-Linked infantile Bruton's  agammaglubulinaemia

🔴Exercise 6 :
1)are :
 a- 6 months age
 b- opportunistic infection
 c-low lymphocytes &low CD4
 b- Low antibodies  &absence DR

2) because maturation of CD4 T cell require interaction with MHC II molecules on thymic epithelial cell

3) Becouse B cell proliferation & differentiation require cytokine from CD4 T cell
 
4)yes , the rejection will be by CD8 T cell

⚡️Most common