GROUP 3 Third year
Patho. Lab. Review-reduced.pdf
سلايدات معمل الباثو
General & Systemic
General & Systemic
مساااكم 🌺
ال cases تبع اليوم في معمل الفارما
المطلوب تحلوهن جروب مكون من ٥ اشخاص
والمعمل الجاي تسلموهن 🤗🤗
ال cases تبع اليوم في معمل الفارما
المطلوب تحلوهن جروب مكون من ٥ اشخاص
والمعمل الجاي تسلموهن 🤗🤗
Forwarded from عبد السلام عقلان
✍ FDA Approves First Vaccine for Dengue, With Restrictions
May 02, 2019
👉The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first vaccine to prevent dengue disease caused by all dengue virus serotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) for people aged 9 through 16 years who have previously had laboratory-confirmed dengue infection and who live in endemic areas.
👉The vaccine, Dengvaxia (Sanofi Pasteur), is a live, attenuated vaccine given in three injections. The initial dose is followed by two additional injections 6 and 12 months later.
👉"Dengue disease is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world and global incidence has increased in recent decades. While there is no cure for dengue disease, [this] approval is an important step toward helping to reduce the impact of this virus in endemic regions of the United States,"
👉Dengue is endemic in the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands.
👉A first dengue infection usually causes no symptoms or is a mild illness that resembles the flu or another viral infection. However, a subsequent infection can lead to severe dengue and may result in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which can be fatal. Most cases of severe dengue are associated with a second dengue virus infection. Because no drugs have been specifically approved for the treatment of dengue disease, care is limited to the management of symptoms.
👉"Infection by one type of dengue virus usually provides immunity against that specific serotype, but a subsequent infection by any of the other three serotypes of the virus increases the risk of developing severe dengue disease, which may lead to hospitalization or even death,"
👉 "As the second infection with dengue is often much more severe than the first, the FDA's approval of this vaccine will help protect people previously infected with dengue virus from subsequent development of dengue disease."
👉The vaccine was roughly 76% effective in preventing symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed dengue disease in individuals aged 9 to 16 years who had previously had laboratory-confirmed dengue disease.
👉The most commonly reported side effects with Dengvaxia are headache, muscle pain, joint pain, fatigue, injection site pain, and low-grade fever. The frequency of side effects was similar among patients who received Dengvaxia and those who received placebo. Side effects tended to decrease after each subsequent dose of the vaccine.
👉Dengvaxia is not approved for people not previously infected by any dengue virus serotype or for patients whose status regarding previous infection is unknown. "This is because in people who have not been infected with dengue virus, Dengvaxia appears to act like a first dengue infection — without actually infecting the person with wild-type dengue virus — such that a subsequent infection can result in severe dengue disease," the FDA says.
👉 the FDA advises healthcare professionals to evaluate individuals for prior dengue infection to avoid vaccinating persons who have not been previously infected by dengue virus. Confirmation of previous infection can be established through a medical record of the patient's having previously had a laboratory-confirmed dengue infection or through serologic testing prior to vaccination.
👉It is estimated that one third of the world's population live in areas at risk for infection by dengue virus. Each year, an estimated 400 million dengue virus infections occur globally, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of these, roughly 500,000 cases develop into DHF, which contributes to about 20,000 deaths, primarily among children.
👉The FDA granted the Dengvaxia application priority review and a tropical disease priority review voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of certain tropical diseases.
👉Dengvaxia is approved in 19 countries and the European Union.
May 02, 2019
👉The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first vaccine to prevent dengue disease caused by all dengue virus serotypes (1, 2, 3, and 4) for people aged 9 through 16 years who have previously had laboratory-confirmed dengue infection and who live in endemic areas.
👉The vaccine, Dengvaxia (Sanofi Pasteur), is a live, attenuated vaccine given in three injections. The initial dose is followed by two additional injections 6 and 12 months later.
👉"Dengue disease is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world and global incidence has increased in recent decades. While there is no cure for dengue disease, [this] approval is an important step toward helping to reduce the impact of this virus in endemic regions of the United States,"
👉Dengue is endemic in the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands.
👉A first dengue infection usually causes no symptoms or is a mild illness that resembles the flu or another viral infection. However, a subsequent infection can lead to severe dengue and may result in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which can be fatal. Most cases of severe dengue are associated with a second dengue virus infection. Because no drugs have been specifically approved for the treatment of dengue disease, care is limited to the management of symptoms.
👉"Infection by one type of dengue virus usually provides immunity against that specific serotype, but a subsequent infection by any of the other three serotypes of the virus increases the risk of developing severe dengue disease, which may lead to hospitalization or even death,"
👉 "As the second infection with dengue is often much more severe than the first, the FDA's approval of this vaccine will help protect people previously infected with dengue virus from subsequent development of dengue disease."
👉The vaccine was roughly 76% effective in preventing symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed dengue disease in individuals aged 9 to 16 years who had previously had laboratory-confirmed dengue disease.
👉The most commonly reported side effects with Dengvaxia are headache, muscle pain, joint pain, fatigue, injection site pain, and low-grade fever. The frequency of side effects was similar among patients who received Dengvaxia and those who received placebo. Side effects tended to decrease after each subsequent dose of the vaccine.
👉Dengvaxia is not approved for people not previously infected by any dengue virus serotype or for patients whose status regarding previous infection is unknown. "This is because in people who have not been infected with dengue virus, Dengvaxia appears to act like a first dengue infection — without actually infecting the person with wild-type dengue virus — such that a subsequent infection can result in severe dengue disease," the FDA says.
👉 the FDA advises healthcare professionals to evaluate individuals for prior dengue infection to avoid vaccinating persons who have not been previously infected by dengue virus. Confirmation of previous infection can be established through a medical record of the patient's having previously had a laboratory-confirmed dengue infection or through serologic testing prior to vaccination.
👉It is estimated that one third of the world's population live in areas at risk for infection by dengue virus. Each year, an estimated 400 million dengue virus infections occur globally, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of these, roughly 500,000 cases develop into DHF, which contributes to about 20,000 deaths, primarily among children.
👉The FDA granted the Dengvaxia application priority review and a tropical disease priority review voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of certain tropical diseases.
👉Dengvaxia is approved in 19 countries and the European Union.
Forwarded from عبد السلام عقلان
👉 Istradefylline
✍ The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved istradefylline (Nourianz, Kyowa Kirin) tablets as add-on treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing "off" episodes.
✍ Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.
✍ The most common adverse reactions observed in patients taking istradefylline were dyskinesia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hallucination, and insomnia. Patients should be monitored for development of dyskinesia or exacerbation of existing dyskinesia. If hallucinations, psychotic behavior, or impulsive/compulsive behavior occurs, consider reducing the dose or stopping the drug, the FDA advises.
✍ Use of istradefylline in pregnancy is not recommended and women of childbearing potential should be advised to use contraception during treatment.
✍ According to the National Institutes of Health, PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the United States after Alzheimer's disease. An estimated 50,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD each year, and about 1 million Americans have the condition
✍ The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved istradefylline (Nourianz, Kyowa Kirin) tablets as add-on treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in adults with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing "off" episodes.
✍ Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.
✍ The most common adverse reactions observed in patients taking istradefylline were dyskinesia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hallucination, and insomnia. Patients should be monitored for development of dyskinesia or exacerbation of existing dyskinesia. If hallucinations, psychotic behavior, or impulsive/compulsive behavior occurs, consider reducing the dose or stopping the drug, the FDA advises.
✍ Use of istradefylline in pregnancy is not recommended and women of childbearing potential should be advised to use contraception during treatment.
✍ According to the National Institutes of Health, PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the United States after Alzheimer's disease. An estimated 50,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD each year, and about 1 million Americans have the condition
🚨 حــقــيــقــة تــحــذيـر مــنــظـمــة FDA مــن دواء الــ (Ranitidine) 🚨
كالعادة يحب الكثيرون نقل الأخبار 💥المولعة💥 حتى لو لم تكن دقيقة 😅
♨️ مــا هــي الـمـشـكــلـة الــحــقــيــقــيــة ؟؟
عثرت منظمة الــ FDA على "كميات منخفضة" من مادة يشتبه في كونها مسببة للسرطان تسمى (NDMA) .. مخلوطة مع المادة الفعالة (Ranitidine) !!
_____________
💦 مــا هــو الـمـطـلــوب حــالــيــاً ؟؟
1️⃣ المطلوب من المنظمات الصحية -مثل FDA- هو مواصلة الأبحاث بــهــدفــيــن هما :
🔹 تقييم درجة الخطر الذي تشكله "الكميات المنخفضة" من مادة (NDMA) على البشر .. وهل هي فعلا تشكل خطراً حقيقياً عليهم أو لا ؟؟
🔹 محاولة إيجاد طريقة لتصنيع الـ (Ranitidine) تضمن عدم تلوثه بهذه المادة ..
2️⃣ المطلوب من المرضى الذين يتناولون الــ (Ranitidine) :
بحسب الدراسات الحالية .. ليس مطلوبا إيقاف الدواء و لا تبديله بدواء آخر (إلا من أراد أن يفعل ذلك بشكل اختياري) ..
#Ph_Waleed_Al_Sibakhi
لمن أراد التأكد هذا الرابط
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-alerting-patients-and-health-care-professionals-ndma-found-samples-ranitidine?fbclid=IwAR2An9U1fu0zGjv95pIXFVIVuRbrfggw_tgvT7g0N74DGu7z0wQ1LgJu6ew
كالعادة يحب الكثيرون نقل الأخبار 💥المولعة💥 حتى لو لم تكن دقيقة 😅
♨️ مــا هــي الـمـشـكــلـة الــحــقــيــقــيــة ؟؟
عثرت منظمة الــ FDA على "كميات منخفضة" من مادة يشتبه في كونها مسببة للسرطان تسمى (NDMA) .. مخلوطة مع المادة الفعالة (Ranitidine) !!
_____________
💦 مــا هــو الـمـطـلــوب حــالــيــاً ؟؟
1️⃣ المطلوب من المنظمات الصحية -مثل FDA- هو مواصلة الأبحاث بــهــدفــيــن هما :
🔹 تقييم درجة الخطر الذي تشكله "الكميات المنخفضة" من مادة (NDMA) على البشر .. وهل هي فعلا تشكل خطراً حقيقياً عليهم أو لا ؟؟
🔹 محاولة إيجاد طريقة لتصنيع الـ (Ranitidine) تضمن عدم تلوثه بهذه المادة ..
2️⃣ المطلوب من المرضى الذين يتناولون الــ (Ranitidine) :
بحسب الدراسات الحالية .. ليس مطلوبا إيقاف الدواء و لا تبديله بدواء آخر (إلا من أراد أن يفعل ذلك بشكل اختياري) ..
#Ph_Waleed_Al_Sibakhi
لمن أراد التأكد هذا الرابط
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-alerting-patients-and-health-care-professionals-ndma-found-samples-ranitidine?fbclid=IwAR2An9U1fu0zGjv95pIXFVIVuRbrfggw_tgvT7g0N74DGu7z0wQ1LgJu6ew
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Statement alerting patients and health care professionals of NDMA found in samples of ranitidine
FDA alerts of NDMA found in some raniditine medicines
✍Adenomyosis refers to the presence of endometrial tissue in the myometrium.
👉 This endometrial tissue
induces reactive hypertrophy of the myometrium, resultingin an enlarged, globular uterus, often with a thickened uterine wall.
👉 Extensive adenomyosis may produce menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and pelvic pain, particularly just prior to menstruation, and can coexist with endometriosis.
👉 This endometrial tissue
induces reactive hypertrophy of the myometrium, resultingin an enlarged, globular uterus, often with a thickened uterine wall.
👉 Extensive adenomyosis may produce menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and pelvic pain, particularly just prior to menstruation, and can coexist with endometriosis.
✍ENDOMETRITIS
👉Is Inflammation of the endometrium.
👉classified as acute or chronic depending on whether a neutrophilic or a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate predominates, respectively.
👉result of retained products
of conception subsequent to miscarriage or delivery or the
presence of a foreign body such as an intrauterine device.
👉 Retained tissue or foreign bodies act as a nidus for ascending infection by vaginal or intestinal tract flora.
👉Tuberculosis causes granulomatous endometritis, frequently with associated tuberculous salpingitis and peritonitis.
Also result of N. gonorrhoeae or Clymedia trachomatis infection.
👉manifest with fever,
abdominal pain, and menstrual abnormalities.
👉Removal of the offending tissue or foreign body typically results in resolution.
👉Is Inflammation of the endometrium.
👉classified as acute or chronic depending on whether a neutrophilic or a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate predominates, respectively.
👉result of retained products
of conception subsequent to miscarriage or delivery or the
presence of a foreign body such as an intrauterine device.
👉 Retained tissue or foreign bodies act as a nidus for ascending infection by vaginal or intestinal tract flora.
👉Tuberculosis causes granulomatous endometritis, frequently with associated tuberculous salpingitis and peritonitis.
Also result of N. gonorrhoeae or Clymedia trachomatis infection.
👉manifest with fever,
abdominal pain, and menstrual abnormalities.
👉Removal of the offending tissue or foreign body typically results in resolution.
✍Nearly 100% of placental choriocarcinoma affected patients are sensitive to chemotherapy and cured, even those with metastases at distant sites such as the lungs. While response to chemotherapy with choriocarcinomas that arise in the gonads (ovary or testis) is relatively poor prognosis why?
👉This striking difference in prognosis may be related to the presence of paternal antigens on placental choriocarcinomas that are lacking in gonadal lesions. Conceivably, a maternal immune response against the foreign (paternal) antigens helps clear the tumor by acting as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
👉This striking difference in prognosis may be related to the presence of paternal antigens on placental choriocarcinomas that are lacking in gonadal lesions. Conceivably, a maternal immune response against the foreign (paternal) antigens helps clear the tumor by acting as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
✍Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex, which stands for:
⚡️T – Toxoplasmosis / Toxoplasma gondii
⚡️O – Other infections (see below
⚡️R – Rubella
⚡️C – Cytomegalovirus
⚡️H – Herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex
✍The "other agents" under O include:
💫Coxsackievirus
💫Chickenpox (caused by varicella zoster virus)
💫Chlamydia
💫HIV
💫Human T-lymphotropic virus
💫Syphilis (Tryponema pallidum)
💫Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child.
👉These agents are grouped together because they may evoke similar clinical and pathologic manifestations.
👉 TORCH infections occurring early in gestation may cause chronic sequelae in the child, including growth restriction, mental retardation, cataracts, and congenital cardiac
anomalies, whereas infections later in pregnancy result primarily in tissue injury accompanied by inflammation (encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia, and myocarditis).
⚡️T – Toxoplasmosis / Toxoplasma gondii
⚡️O – Other infections (see below
⚡️R – Rubella
⚡️C – Cytomegalovirus
⚡️H – Herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex
✍The "other agents" under O include:
💫Coxsackievirus
💫Chickenpox (caused by varicella zoster virus)
💫Chlamydia
💫HIV
💫Human T-lymphotropic virus
💫Syphilis (Tryponema pallidum)
💫Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, can cause microcephaly and other brain defects in the child.
👉These agents are grouped together because they may evoke similar clinical and pathologic manifestations.
👉 TORCH infections occurring early in gestation may cause chronic sequelae in the child, including growth restriction, mental retardation, cataracts, and congenital cardiac
anomalies, whereas infections later in pregnancy result primarily in tissue injury accompanied by inflammation (encephalitis, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia, and myocarditis).
✍Inflammation of the salivary glands, referred to as sialadenitis.
👉the formation of salivary stones (sialolithiasis) caused by, altered acidity of saliva, reduced salivary flow rate, abnormal calcium metabolism and abnormalities in the sphincter mechanism of the duct opening, the exact cause in many cases is unknown.
👉Formation of stone lead to Dehydration of the mouth and decreased secretory function can also predispose to bacterial invasion and infection of salivary glands (bacterial sialadenitis).
👉The most frequent pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans.
👉the formation of salivary stones (sialolithiasis) caused by, altered acidity of saliva, reduced salivary flow rate, abnormal calcium metabolism and abnormalities in the sphincter mechanism of the duct opening, the exact cause in many cases is unknown.
👉Formation of stone lead to Dehydration of the mouth and decreased secretory function can also predispose to bacterial invasion and infection of salivary glands (bacterial sialadenitis).
👉The most frequent pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans.
مسااااء الخير عليكم ....
بكرة معانا معمل ميكروا فقط وبيكون بعد محااضرة البكتيريااا إن شاء الله
الباثوو الدكتور وضاح مابيقدر يحضر طول هذا الاسبوع
#موفقين
بكرة معانا معمل ميكروا فقط وبيكون بعد محااضرة البكتيريااا إن شاء الله
الباثوو الدكتور وضاح مابيقدر يحضر طول هذا الاسبوع
#موفقين
السلااام عليكم
كل عشرة طلاب يشتركوا في ارنب لمعمل الفارماا .... بكرة إن شاء الله
كل عشرة طلاب يشتركوا في ارنب لمعمل الفارماا .... بكرة إن شاء الله