Arrian, Anabasis, 2.14.4
Alexander's letter to Darius III
Your ancestors invaded Macedonia and the rest of Greece and did us harm although we had not done you any previous injury. I have been appointed commander-in-chief of the Greeks and it is with the aim of punishing the Persians that I have crossed into Asia, since you are the aggressors.
In November 333, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III Codomannus. After this battle of Issus, Darius offered to surrender half of his empire. The Macedonian king considered this not enough.
Alexander's letter to Darius III
Your ancestors invaded Macedonia and the rest of Greece and did us harm although we had not done you any previous injury. I have been appointed commander-in-chief of the Greeks and it is with the aim of punishing the Persians that I have crossed into Asia, since you are the aggressors.
In November 333, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III Codomannus. After this battle of Issus, Darius offered to surrender half of his empire. The Macedonian king considered this not enough.
👍3🔥1😢1
White-ground terracotta lekythos (oil flask) depicting the winged goddess Nike on her way to crown a victor, ca. 460-450 BC.
Nike is the winged goddess of victory both in war & in peaceful competition. When Zeus was gathering allies at the start of the Titan War, Styx brought her four children Nike (Victory), Zelos (Rivalry), Kratos (Cratus Strength) & Bia (Force) into the god's service. Nike was appointed his charioteer & together the four became sentinels of Zeus' throne.
In scenes of the War of the Giants she appears as the charioteer of Zeus. In mosaic art and coins Nike is often shown holding a palm branch as a symbol of victory.
Nike was closely identified with the goddess Athena and at times was little more than an attribute of the goddess. Nike was sometimes multiplied into a host of Nikai (Victories).
Nike is the winged goddess of victory both in war & in peaceful competition. When Zeus was gathering allies at the start of the Titan War, Styx brought her four children Nike (Victory), Zelos (Rivalry), Kratos (Cratus Strength) & Bia (Force) into the god's service. Nike was appointed his charioteer & together the four became sentinels of Zeus' throne.
In scenes of the War of the Giants she appears as the charioteer of Zeus. In mosaic art and coins Nike is often shown holding a palm branch as a symbol of victory.
Nike was closely identified with the goddess Athena and at times was little more than an attribute of the goddess. Nike was sometimes multiplied into a host of Nikai (Victories).
👍1🎉1
Greek Red-figure Calyx Kraters
I. Nike and Poseidon
II. Woman and Old Man,ca. 470 B.C., by Aegisthus Painter (Greek, Attic, ca. 480-460)
I. Nike and Poseidon
II. Woman and Old Man,ca. 470 B.C., by Aegisthus Painter (Greek, Attic, ca. 480-460)
👍1
Ancient Greek heads. Rare examples of bronze sculpture, 400 years apart. Left: head of hoplite warrior from the Acropolis, 480-470BC. Right: portrait bust found on Delos, early 1st century BC. Comparison shows development of realism and psychological expression in Greek sculpture.
🔥1
Temple of Isis on the Greek island of Delos. Photo taken by astrophotographer Loukas Hapsis.
The Doric Temple of Isis was built on a high over-looking hill at the beginning of the Roman period to venerate the familiar trinity of Isis, the Alexandrian Serapis and Anubis. Built at the beginning of the 2nd century BC, it was repaired by the Athenians in 135 BC and still contains the cult statue of the goddess. Isis, known by a variety of cult names, gave people good health and fortune and protected the sailors.
The Doric Temple of Isis was built on a high over-looking hill at the beginning of the Roman period to venerate the familiar trinity of Isis, the Alexandrian Serapis and Anubis. Built at the beginning of the 2nd century BC, it was repaired by the Athenians in 135 BC and still contains the cult statue of the goddess. Isis, known by a variety of cult names, gave people good health and fortune and protected the sailors.
👍1🤩1