Grammatical Test
—----------------

1. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
Becouse he deserved promotion, Karim was sure to get aknowledged as he worker... .
A) hard B) hardness C) hardly D) more hardly
2. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
Malika looked good in jeans and black sweater and her hair was ... washed after her gym class.
A) fresh B) fresher C) freshen D) freshly
3.choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
They said to me: "We'll come as soon as we can" They told me that ...
A) They come as soon as he could
B) They comes as soon as he could
C) They would come as soon as I could
D) They would come as soon as they could
4.Sally buys a newspaper every day to keep ... the news.
A) away from B) up with
C) behind D) off
5. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
The fairy tale begins on ... quite afternoon at the and of July.
A) an B) — C) a D) the
6.choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
Magazines like "Times", "Newsweek", " U. S. NEWS" and "World Report" provide the reader ... a pictorial report of the week's events.
A) by B) for C)with D) on
7.choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
-So, when did they tell you about the robbery?
-I ... by the police as soon as they found out.
A) was informed
B) would be informed
C) will be informed
D) had been informed
8. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
You won't have a good command of the language ... you practice speaking it every day.
A) even though B) if
C) unless D) in case
9. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
JUlius Caesar would not let anyone ... a wheeled vehicle on the streets during the day because of the traffic in ancient Rome.
A) usage B) to use C) use D) using
10. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
If anything happens to the children, you may go to ... hospital to get medical aid.
A) some B) any C) several D) no
11. Choose the best answer.
This film made Maria very ...
A) depressingly B) depress C) depressed D) depressing
12. Choose the best answer.
How dare you say to Jane such a terrible word? It is ... belief.
A) up B) down C) beyond D) under
13. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
"I haven't phoned my aunt since last month," he says that ... aunt since last month.
A) I hadn't phoned my
B) I haven't phoned my
C) he hasn't phoned his
D) he hadn't phoned her
14.choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
Bobur went down the stairs making two steps at ... time.
A) some B) the C) a D) -
15. choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.
-I don't like love stories.
- ...
A) Neither do I B) Neither am I C) Neither I do D) So do I.

16 Prince Charles ... Canadian. He ... English.
A) is not / is B) is not / was
C) was not / is D) was not / were
17.I... to be artist when I ... a child.
A) wanted / an / was B) want / a / was
C) wants / an / was D) to want / an / is
18.He... blind the car accident ...the beach.
A) came / in / on B) went / in / on
C) went / on / in D) came / in / in
19.My friend ... a present me the.... Ramadan Holiday
last year.
A) give / to / in B) give / at / to
C) gives / to / at D) gave / to / on
20.It ... a lot ... our holiday.
A) didn’t rain / during B) didn’t / during
C) didn’t rained / on D) not rain / in
21.What ... a man he is! He... his passport and keys his
car yesterday.
A) forgot / lose / of B) forget / lost / of
C) forgot / lost / of D) forgot / lost / from
22.A: Did you watch a football match... TV?
B: No, I didn’t. But it was broadcast ...radio.
A) on / in B) on / on C) in / in D) in / to
23 Can I talk ... Mr. Adams ... your mobile phone?
A) with / on B) on / in C) on / on D) to / on
24.It ... a really bad joke; no one... laughed his joke.
A) was / with B) was / at C) were / at D) is / at

25.I learned __ the Internet that a pop concert is __ the third
__ November.
A) in / on / of B) on / in / of C) in / in / of D) on / on / of
*26.choose the answer which correctly completes the sentence.*
_I insested on holding the childfren's hands ... the path looked steep and dangerous_
A) however B) as C) althogh D) becouse of
—------------------------------------------------—
27.I’ve got __ a lot to do today. I’m really busy.
A) such B) so C) very D) too
28.I’ve made __ many mistakes in this letter. I think I’ll type it again.
A) such B) so C) very D) too
29.The poor girl looked ___.
A) miserable / unhappy B) miserably / unhappy
C) miserable / unhappily D) miserably / unhappily
30.This is not__.
A) a big enough van B) big a enough van
C) an enough big van D) a van enough big
31.The boss looked at him __.
A) astonishing B) unhappy C) angrily D) hardly
32.It was __ hot in the train.
A) extreme B) intolerable C) worse D) terribly
33.She ran __ to the telephone.
A) very quick B) hopefully C) impatient D) miserable
34.“Shall we go?” David looked __ at Susan.
A) happily B) surprised C) astonishing D) glad
35.The child looked __.
A) neglected B) a beggar C) hunger D) poverty
36.The world has gone __.
A) difficult B) coldness C) crazy D) foregoing

Determinatives
(Ko'rsatkichlar )

__Ingliz tilidagi ko'pgina otlar oldida maxsus so'zlar keladi.Ularni ko'rsatkichlar deb ataymiz ..
Bitta oldida bitta ko'rsatkich kelishi mumkin .
Ko'rsatkichlar

✅ this - bu
✅ these - bu
✅ that - u
✅ those - ular

Egalik olmoshlari

My our
Your your
His their
Her their
Its their .

Egalik (qaratqich) shaklidagi Olar .

Peter's
My brother's


Miqdor olmoshlari**

Many
Much
Little
Few
Some
Any
Each
Every
Either
Neither

So'roq olmoshlari

What
Which
Whose

Artikl
A
An
The

__Ko'rsatkichlar qaysi otga tegishli otga tegishli bo'lsa o'sha otdan oldin keladi__

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Prepositions (Predloglar)

✳️ Preposition ingliz tilida oʻziga xos soʻz turkumi boʻlib, oʻzbek tilidagi kelishik qoʻshimchalari va koʻmakchi vazifasini bajaradi. Mavzuda ularni umumiy nom bilan koʻmakchi deb qoʻllashni lozim topdim.

✳️Ingliz tilidagi koʻmakchilar mavzusi eng katta va eng murakkab mavzulardan hisoblanadi, chunki koʻmakchilarning asosiy qismi gapda qanday vaziyatda ishlatilishi, qaysi fe'l bilan ishlatilishiga qarab ma'nolari oʻzgarib turadi.

✅ Masalan, at koʻmakchisini olamiz. Mazkur koʻmakchi 4 vaziyatda toʻrt ma'noda :
1️⃣ oʻrin-joy uchun (at the door - eshik yonida),
2️⃣ vaqt uchun (at 5 oʻclock - soat 5da)
3️⃣ fe'l bilan (to laugh at - ustidan kulmoq)
4️⃣ fe'l bilan (to hint at - sha'ma qilmoq, ) degan ma'nolarda ishlatilishi mumkin.

✳️ Koʻmakchilarni oʻrganishda ulardan eng universallarini oʻrganishdan boshlaymiz. Bu universal koʻmakchilar in/on/at hisoblanadi va ularning paytni bildiruvchi birikmalarda ishlatilishini ko'rib chiqamiz:
1️⃣ at koʻmakchisi kun davomidagi aniq vaqtni koʻrsatishda qoʻllaniladi.
✅ at 5 oʻclock ✅ at sunrise ✅ at noon ✅ at night ✅ at sunset ✅ at 5:45 ✅ at midnight
✅ at dawn ✅ at dusk

✳️ at koʻmakchisi bilan qoʻllaniladigan boshqa payt ravishlarni koʻrsatib oʻtaman:
✅ at first ✅ at once ✅ at the moment ✅ at the beginning ✅ at length ✅ at last ✅at present ✅ at the end ✅ at the weekend ✅ at a time ✅ at Easter ✅ at weekends ✅ at Christmas ✅ at the same time ✅ at the age of …

2️⃣ on koʻmakchisi hafta kunlari, aniq sanalar oldidan va tarkibida day/eve/anniversary soʻzlari boʻlgan birikmalarda qoʻllaniladi.
✅ on Sunday/Monday ✅ on 12th May ✅on Christmas Day ✅ on New Year's Eve ✅on anniversary ✅ on sb's birthday ✅on the appointed day ✅on one occasion

3️⃣ in koʻmakchisi uzoqroq davom etadigan muddatlarni (yil oylari/fasl/yil/oʻn yillik/asr/davr) bildiradigan soʻzlar oldidan qoʻllaniladi.
✅ in October ✅ in 1991 ✅ in the 15th century ✅ in the past ✅ in my childhood ✅ in (the) winter ✅ in the 1990's ✅ in the Middle Ages ✅ in the future ✅ in my thoughts

⚠️ kun davomidagi davrlarni bildiruvchi soʻzlar in koʻmakchisi bilan qoʻllaniladi.
✅ in the morning ✅ in the afternoon ✅ in the evening ✅ in the night

⚠️ last/next/this/every soʻzlari oldidan in/on/at predloglari payt ravishini bildirganda qoʻllanilmaydi.
🔸 I will see you next Friday. (on next Friday emas)
🔸 They got married last March. (in last March emas)

⚠️ in+muddat kelajak zamonda ishlatilganda in koʻmakchisi keyin deb tarjima qilinadi.
🔸The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (Poyezd bir necha daqiqadan keyin joʻnab ketadi)
🔸Jack has gone away. He will be back in a week. (Jek sayohatga ketdi. U bir haftadan keyin qaytadi)

⚠️ Hozirgi va oʻtgan zamonda muddatni bildiradigan soʻzlar bilan qoʻllanilganda in koʻmakchisi ichida deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin.
🔸I learnt to drive in four weeks. (Men toʻrt hafta ichida haydashni oʻrgandim.)

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much/many/a lot of so'zlarining qo'llanishi

1️⃣ much - koʻp soʻzi sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan inkor va soʻroq gaplarda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Do you get much rain here? (Bu yerda koʻp yomg'ir yog'adimi?)
🔸She didn't get much money for her car. (U mashinasi uchun koʻp pul olmadi)

✳️ much soʻzi rasmiy va badiiy uslubda darak gaplarda ham qoʻllanadi.
🔸Much was said but little was done.
🔸There is much enthusiasm for the idea.

✳️ how much - qancha soʻroq olmoshi boʻlib, sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan qoʻllaniladi.
🔸How much bread did you buy?

✳️ much soʻzi kuchaytirish va qiyoslash ma'nosini beruvchi too/as/so soʻzlaridan keyin kelib, darak gaplarda qoʻllanadi.
🔸I've got too/so much work to do. (Mening bajaradigan ishim juda koʻp)
🔸Your car costs as much as mine.

2️⃣ many - koʻp soʻzi sanaladigan koʻplikdagi otlar oldidan inkor va soʻroq gaplarda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Does he have many friends here? (Bu yerda uning koʻp doʻstlari bormi?)
🔸We don't get many storms here. (Bu yerda koʻp boʻron boʻlmaydi)

✳️ many soʻzi rasmiy va badiiy uslubda darak gaplarda ham qoʻllanadi.
🔸Many students have financial problems.

✳️ how many - qancha soʻroq olmoshi sanaladigan koʻplikdagi otlar oldidan kelib, miqdorni bildirib keladi.
🔸How many eggs do we need? (Bizga qancha tuxum kerak?)

✳️ many soʻzi kuchaytirish va qiyoslash ma'nosini beruvchi too/so/as soʻzlaridan keyin kelib darak gaplarda qoʻllanadi.
🔸You have made too many mistakes in your dictation. (Siz diktantingizda juda koʻp xato qilgansiz)
🔸Bill has got as many cars as Cecilia.

3️⃣ a lot of/lots of - koʻp soʻzi sanaladigan koʻplikdagi va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan darak gaplarda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸We get a lot of storms here. (Bu yerda juda koʻp boʻronlar boʻladi)
🔸We get a lot of rain here. (Bu yerda juda koʻp yomg'ir boʻladi)

✳️ much/many/a lot soʻzlari otsiz qoʻllanishlari mumkin. Bunday vaziyatda ular oldin ishlatilgan otga ishora qiladilar.
🔸I take photos, but not as I used to. At one time I took a lot. (=a lot of photos)
🔸They asked me for some money but I myself haven't got much. (=much money)
🔸They have caught some fish but not many. (=many fish)

⚠️ Yuqoridagi soʻzlarni qoʻllashda asosiy e'tibor beriladigan jihati bu gapning turi va otning sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan ekanligini aniqlab olishdir.

✳️ a lot - koʻp, tez-tez ma'nosida darak gaplarda, much esa inkor va soʻroq gaplarda ravish boʻlib kelishi mumkin.
🔸She had to study a lot to catch up with the rest. (...koʻp oʻqishiga toʻg'ri keldi)
🔸They don't go out much. (Ular tez-tez koʻchaga chiqmaydilar)
🔸We didn't enjoy the film much

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Aniq artiklning turdosh otlar bilan ishlatilishi

the aniq artikle that o'sha ko'rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan .U birlik va ko'plikdagi donalab sanaladigan otlar va donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldida ishlatiladi .Aniq artikl shaxs yoki buyumning shu turdagi shaxs buyumlardan ajratib ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi va Shu , O'Sh degan ma'noni beradi .

✅ Otning shu turdagi shaxs yoki buyumlardan ajratuvchi aniqlovchisi bo'lsa , aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi .

The drawer of my writing tablet is locked

✅. Qanday shaxs yoki buyum ekaligini vaziyat yoki matn mazmunidan ma'lum bo'lgan ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi :


Please , close the window

Put your book on the shelf

✅ Oldin gapirilgan ot qayta takrorlanganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi :

I bought some cheese and some butter . The cheese was not very good , but the butter was excellent. The waiter brought me some tea and some milk . I drank the tea but didn't drink the milk

✅. Dunyodagi yoki biror vazyatdagi barcha shaxs yoki buyumlarni ifodalagan ko'plikdagi ot oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi :

The earth is millions of kilometers from the Sun

Lake Baikal is the deepest of all the lakes in the world

Give me a list of the students

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Aniq Artiklning turdosh oldidan ishlatilishi
(Davomi )

✅ Birlikda kelgan ot shu buyum qarashli bo'lgan butun turni ifodalaganda aniq artikle bilan ishlatiladi

The pine grows in northern countries


✅ Otlashgan sifat yoki sifatdosh oldidan aniq artikl ishlatiladi .Otlashgan sifat yoki sifatdosh birlikda kelib ko'plik ma'nosida ishlatiladi .

The poor in some countries live in slums

The wounded were taken to the hospital

✅ Orttirma darajadi sifat bilan kelgan ot aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi .

The highest mountains are in Asia

✅ Tartib sonlar bilan kelgan otlar oldida aniq artikl ishlatiladi .

The office is on the second floor

Eslatma : Agar tartib son ikkinchi bir , yana bir ma'nosida ishlatilsa noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi

We must charter a second vessel .

Same - bir xil
Next , following - keyingi , kelgusi
Last - oxirgi
Very - ayni
Only - yakka - yagona
Proper - mos
Vious - oldingi
Opposite - teskarisi
Necessary - kerakli
So - called
Adjacent - yonidagi
Alleged - havola qilinadigan

Eslatma : Next - kelasi .
Last - o'tgan ma'nosida quyudagi birikmalarda artiklesiz ishlatiladi .

❌ next week
❌ next month
❌ next year
❌ last week
❌ last month
❌ last year

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🎯1. - How long______you______?
— Since I was 17.
a) have been driving
b) have driven
c) did drive
d) do drive

🎯2. She______always______in Moscow.
a) —, lives
b) has lived
c) has been living
d) has live

🎯3. How long______you______Kate?
a) did know
b) have been knowing
c) have known
d) do known

🎯4.I______here all my life.
a) have lived
b) have living
c) am living
d) live

🎯5. Kate has lost her passport again, it is the second time this_____
a) happens
b) has happened
c) happened
d) is happening

🎯6. Kate has been working here______.
a) since two years
b) two years ago
c) for two years
d) two years

🎯7. The boy sitting next to me on the plane was nervous be¬cause he______before.
a) has not flown
b) did not fly
c) had not flown
d) has not been flying

🎯8.I______a lot but I don't any more.
a) was used to eat
b) used to eat
c) was eating
d) used to eating

🎯9.______next week, so we can go somewhere.
a) I'm not working
b) I won't work
c) I don't work
d) I shall not work

🎯10. We are late. The film______by the time we get to the
cinema.
a) will be already started
b) will already start
c) will already have started
d) already will start

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Turdosh otlar oldida artikling ishlatilmasligi

✅ Otning oldida birorta ko'rsatkich bo'lsa artikl ishlatilmaydi .

My room is large

This book is interesting

✅ Donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatilmadi :

She was making great progress

✅ Donalab sanaladigan , birlikdagi ot biror holatda yagona bo'lgan mansab yoki unvonni ifodalab , gapda ot - kesim tarkibida kelsa , izohlovchi bo'lib kelsa yoki to elect - saylanmoq to appoint - tayinlamoq to make - qilmoq fe'llaridan keyin artiklsiz ishlatiladi:

My brother is chief of this expedition

✅ Salad , steak , coffee kabi moddiy otlar oldida noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi:

Would you like a cup of cofee ?

Breakfast , lunch , dinner , supper so'zlari have fe'li bilan kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi :

When do you usually have lunch ?

✅ Hafta kunlari nomlari oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi:

It's Sunday today

✅ Class so'zi mashg'ulot , dars ma'nosida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi:

I am going to class now

Introduction to Active and passive voice (Aniq va majhul nisbatdagi gaplarga kirish darsi)

1️⃣ Ingliz tilida asosiy ikkita nisbat mavjud boʻlib, ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi gapda ega boʻlib qatnashgan gaplar (active voice-aniq nisbat) va ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi noma'lum yoki ikkinchi darajaga tushib qolgan (passive voice-majhul nisbat) nisbatdagi gaplardir.

2️⃣ Majhul nisbatlarda ish-harakat bajaruvchisi noma'lum boʻladi yoki ikkinchi darajaga tushib qoladi. Qiyoslash uchun misol:
🔸Tom cleans the room every day. (Tom har kuni xonani tozalaydi….ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi, ya'ni Tom gapning egasi va ish-harakat bajaruvchisi aniq - aniq nisbat)
🔸The room is cleaned every day. (Xona har kuni tozalanadi….ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi gapda noma'lum - majhul nisbat)
⚠️Yuqoridagi misoldan ma'lum boʻladiki, majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda ish-harakatning bajaruvchisiga emas, bajarilishiga asosiy e'tibor qaratiladi.

3️⃣Barcha majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda to be + V3 (ed) qurilmasi boʻlishi shart. Bu yerda to be fe'li shaxsga va zamonga qarab oʻzgaradigan qism, V3 (ed) shakli esa oʻzgarmas qism hisoblanadi.
🔸Football is played all over the world.
🔸Latin was taught at universities in the Middle Ages.
🔸We will be taught Japanese next year.

⚠️Eslatma: DTM tomonidan tuziladigan testlarning ba'zilarida gaplarni aniq nisbatdan majhul nisbatga oʻgirish misollari beriladi. Buning uchun aniq nisbatdagi gap quyidagi shartlarga javob bera olishi lozim.
✅Gapdagi fe'li oʻtimli (transitive) boʻlishi lozim.
✅Gapda toʻldiruvchi (object) qatnashgan boʻlishi lozim.
💡Fe'lning oʻtimli yoki oʻtimsiz ekanligini lug'atlardan bilib olishingiz mumkin. Oʻtimli fe'llar toʻldiruvchi talab qiladi va qarshisiga [T], oʻtimsiz fe'llar toʻldiruvchi talab qilmaydi va qarshisiga [I] belgisi qoʻyiladi.
✅Oʻtimli fe'llarga misollar: to read, to bring, to kill, to tell…
✅Oʻtimsiz fe'llarga misollar: to cry, to rain, to sleep, to nod off

4️⃣ Aniq nisbatdagi gapni majhul nisbatga o'girishga misol:
Bunda aniq nisbat gapdagi toʻldiruvchi majhul nisbatdagi gapda ega oʻrniga chiqadi.
🔸Tom cleans the room every day. ( Tom -gapning egasi, the room - toʻldiruvchi)
🔸The room is cleaned every day. (The room - gapning egasi)

▪️Yuqorida aytib oʻtilganidek aniq nisbatdagi gapda toʻldiruvchi boʻlmasa yoki fe'l oʻtimsiz boʻlsa, bu gapdan majhul nisbat hosil qilib boʻlmaydi.
🔸It's raining. (Yomg'ir yog’moqda.)
🔸He came. (U keldi)

5️⃣ Majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda ish-harakatni qabul qiluvchi predmet yoki shaxs gapning egasi sifatida qoʻllanilgani bois, ish- harakatning bajaruvchisi ikkinchi darajaga tushib qoldi. Ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi kimligini bildirish uchun by - tomonidan soʻzini qoʻllashimiz mumkin.
🔸Tom watered the flowers. (Tom gullarni sug'ordi-aniq nisbat)
🔸The flowers were watered by Tom. (Gullar Tom tomonidan sug'orildi - majhul nisbat)

@Grammatical_rules

Verb + preposition+gerund

✳️ Ingliz tilida koʻp fe’llar predlog (ko'makchi) bilan qoʻllaniladi va oldingi mavzudagi qoidaga koʻra predlogdan keyin fe’lning gerundiy shakli qoʻllanishi kerak. Quyida eng koʻp qoʻllaniladigan fe’llar va ulardan keyin keladigan predloglar keltirilgan.
✅ succeed in - muvaffaqiyat qozonmoq
🔸 Have you succeeded in finding a job yet? (Ish topishni uddasidan chiqdingizmi?)
✅ insist on - qat’iy turib olmoq
🔸 They insisted on paying for the meal.
✅ think of/about - oʻylamoq
🔸I am thinking of buying a house.
✅ dream of/about - orzu qilmoq, tush koʻrmoq
🔸I wouldn’t dream of asking them for money.
✅ approve of - ma’qullamoq
🔸She doesn’t approve of gambling.
✅ decide against - qarshi qaror qilmoq
🔸We have decided against moving to London.
✅ feel like - xohlamoq
🔸Do you feel like going out tonight?
✅ look forward to- intizorlik bilan kutmoq
🔸I am looking forward to meeting her.
✅ apologise for - kechirim soʻramoq
🔸You must apologise for not telling the truth.
✅ object to - qarshi boʻlmoq
🔸I really object to being charged for parking.

⚠️Eslatma: Yuqoridagi feel like birikmasidagi like soʻzi koʻmakchi hisoblanadi.

⚠️ Yuqoridagi yulduzchali fe'llarda predlogdan keyin gerundiydagi ish-harakat bajaruvchisi ham koʻrsatilishi mumkin.
🔸She doesn't approve of me gambling. (U mening qimor oʻynashimni ma'qullamaydi.)
🔸We are all looking forward to Liz coming home. (Biz hammamiz Lizning uyga kelishini intizorlik bilan kutmoqdamiz.)

✳️ Quyidagi jadvalda esa verb +object+preposition+gerund qurilmasida qoʻllaniladigan fe'llar keltirilgan.
✅ congratulate sb (on) - tabriklamoq
🔸 I congratulated Ann on passing the exam.
✅ accuse sb (of) - ayblamoq
🔸They accused me of telling lies.
✅ suspect sb (of) - shubhalanmoq
🔸Nobody suspected the man of being a spy.
✅prevent sb (from) - oldini olmoq, to'xtatmoq
🔸What prevented him from coming to see us?
✅ stop sb (from) - oldini olmoq, toʻxtatmoq
🔸The police stopped us from leaving the school.
✅thank sb (for) - minnatdorchilik bildirmoq
🔸 I thanked them for helping me.
✅forgive (for) - kechirmoq
🔸Please, forgive me for not writing to you.
✅warn sb against - ogohlantirmoq
🔸They warned us against buying the car.

✳️ stop somebody from doing something qurilmasida from predlogini tushirib qoldirish mumkin.
🔸You can't stop me from doing what I want.
🔸You can't stop me doing what I want.

✳️Yuqoridagi fe'llardan bir nechtasi majhul nisbatda ham qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I was accused of telling lies.
🔸The man wasn't suspected of being a spy.
🔸We were warned against buying the car.

Time oti It is time for birukmasida kelganda artiklsiz ishlatiladi

❌ It is time for lunch


Time marta ma'nosida ushlatilganda artikl umumiy qoida asosida qo'llaniladi

She has been late for class six times

✳️ Orqasidan sanoq son kelgan otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi

❌ We are studying lesson 7


Home oti at predlogi bilan kelganda artiksiz ishlatiladi :

Is Ann at home now ?

❌ To watch television birikmasidagi Television oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi

He is going to watch TV tonight

⛳️ 40 other ways to say "I don’t know"


🏅Beats me.

🏅Hmm…

🏅I am not the best person to answer that.

🏅I can find out for you.

🏅I can’t remember off the top of my head. I’ll get back to you on that.

🏅I don’t have that information here right now.

🏅I don’t know anything about…

🏅I have no clue/idea.

🏅I haven’t/ haven’t got a clue.

🏅I haven’t got the faintest idea.

🏅I haven’t had time to think that through yet.

🏅I haven’t looked at that yet.

🏅I want to be sure and give you the correct information. Let me check.

🏅I’ll double check and let you know.

🏅I’ll find out and let you know.

🏅I’ll get back to you on that one.

🏅I’m going to investigate that further.

🏅I’m not 100% sure on that.

🏅I’m not sure / unsure.

🏅I’m probably not the best person to ask for that information.

🏅I’ve been wondering the same thing!

🏅I’m afraid. I have no idea

🏅It could be one of many possibilities, I’ll look into it.

🏅It’s a mystery to me.

🏅It’s beyond me.

🏅Let me check on that.

🏅Let me find out for you.

🏅Let me look that up for you.

🏅Search me.

🏅That requires a bit more research first.

🏅That’s a really good question, I’ll check/ find out.

🏅That’s not my area of expertise, I’ll ask …..

🏅That’s something I want you to find out for yourself!

🏅That’s exactly what I’m seeking to answer.

🏅That’s good question, but I don’t know.

🏅That’s good question, I’ll check this.

🏅There are several possible answers, I’ll need more information
first.

🏅What do you suggest?

🏅What do you think?

🏅Who knows?


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👉 @Grammatical_rules
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Atoqli otlar oldida artiklning ishlatilishi

✅ Atoqli otlar oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi


Tashkent , Asia , Andersen

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

✅ Atoqli ot oldida mansabni yoki muomala shaklini ifodalovchi turdosh ot kelganda artiklsiz ❌ ishlatiladi .

Professor Brown , General Smith

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

✳️ Muomala so'zlari bo'lgan turdosh otlar oldida ham artikl ishlatilmaydi ❌

Good morning , Captain
May l ask you a question , Professor ?

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

✳️ Farther , mother , uncle va boshqa oila a'zolarini ifodalivchi nomlar shu oila a'zolari tomonidan artiklsiz ❌ aytiladi aytiladi va shu so'zlar bosh harflar bilan yoziladi

The Browns arrived from London yesterday

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

📹 Learn English with Movies | Will Smith - The Pursuit of Happyness →


✔️ @Grammatical_rules

Shart ergash gaplar uchun yakuniy xulosalar

1️⃣ Ingliz tilida shart ergash gaplarni unless/ providing/ supposing that/ so long as / as long as bog’lovchilari bilan ham ifodalash mumkin.
▫️unless - agar –masa ▫️providing/provided (that) --gan holdagina ▫️supposing (that) - faraz qiling, mabodo
▫️so long as/as long as - toki
🔸Unless you study hard, you won’t be able to pass the exam. (Agar qattiq oʻqimasangiz, imtihondan o'tolmaysiz)
🔸Children under 12 can swim in the pool provided that they are accompanied by parents.
🔸You can drive my car as long as you drive carefully. (Toki ehtiyot bo'lib haydar ekansiz, mening mashinamni haydashingiz mumkin)

2️⃣ if qatnashgan gap va wish gaplarning noreal vaziyatlar uchun qoʻllanishidan kelib chiqqan holda shuni esdan chiqarmaslik kerakki, hamma noreal vaziyatlar haqiqatda boshqacha, ya'ni teskarisi boʻladi.
🔸I wish I had an umbrella now. (=but I haven't an umbrella now...lekin mening zontim yoʻq).
🔸If he were here now, he would show us the city. (=He isn't here and he can't show us the city).
🔸If he had come to the party, I would have been glad. (= but he didn't come to the party).

3️⃣ Agar if qatnashgan gaplarda should, had yoki were fe'llari qatnashsa, gap boshida kelgan if bog'lovchisini tushirib qoldirishimiz mumkin. Bunday hollarda should, had va were koʻmakchi fe'llaridan biri egadan oldinga chiqadi, ya'ni inversiya holati yuz beradi. Bu holat asosan rasmiy va adabiy ingliz tilida uchraydi.
🔸Should any of this cost you anything, send me the bill. (=If any of this should cost...)
🔸It would be embarrassing, were she to find out the truth. (=if she were to find out...).
🔸 Had they not rushed Dan to hospital, he would have died. (=If they hadn't rushed Dan...)

3️⃣ If it hadn't been/was/were not for + ot qurilmasi asosiy gapdagi holat biror-bir vaziyatga yoki shaxsga bog'liq boʻlib qolganda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸If it wasn't/weren't for Vivian, the conference wouldn't be going ahead. (Agar Vivian boʻlmasa, konferensiya davom etmayotgan boʻlardi.)
🔸If it hadn't been for my parents, I would never have gone to university. (Agar ota-onam boʻlmaganida, men hech qachon universitetga kirolmagan boʻlardim.)

⚠️Bu qurilmani biz rasmiy va adabiy ingliz tilida Were it not for Vivian... va Had it not been for my parents... shaklida ham qoʻllashimiz mumkin.
🔸Were it not for Vivian, the conference wouldn't be going ahead.
🔸 Had it not been for my parents, I would never have gone to university.

4️⃣ Bunday holatlarda tez-tez but for+noun qurilmasidan ham foydalaniladi. Bu qurilma ham yuqoridagi qurilma bilan bir xil ma'noga ega.
🔸But for Jim's support, I wouldn't have got the job. (=if it hadn't been for Jim...Jimning yordami boʻlmaganida, men ishga kirmagan boʻlardim.)

@Grammatical_rules