🔸Future in the Past

🔸Meaning:Ba’zan biz o‘tmishda kelajak haqida gapiramiz. Bunda was / were going to yoki would ishlatiladi.

✍️Structure

🔸was / were going to + V1 – reja bor edi, lekin natija noma’lum

🔸

would + V1

– o‘tmishda kelajak deb o‘ylangan narsa

📝Examples

🟡

I

was going to call

you, but I forgot.

📌Note: Bu shakl ko‘pincha reported speech yoki o‘tmishdagi reja haqida gapirganda ishlatiladi.


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🔸Idiom: Hit the books

👉I’ve got an important exam coming up tomorrow, so I’m going to hit the books this evening.

🔸Tarjimasi: (Ertaga muhim imtihonim bor, shuning uchun bugun kechqurun jiddiy tayyorlanaman.)

Kommentda shu idiomadan foydalanib bitta gap yozib qoldiring.

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✅AS LONG AS

🇬🇧Meaning:
“… bo‘lsa bas”, “… sharti bilan”, “agar … bo‘lsa”.

🔸Uzbekcha:
Biror shartni bildirish uchun ishlatiladi.

🔸Formula:
As long as + Subject + Verb

📝Examples:

• You can borrow my laptop as long as you’re careful.

• I don’t mind helping you as long as you tell the truth.

• As long as you work hard, you’ll succeed.

B2 level speaking va writing’da “if” o‘rniga ba’zan “as long as” ishlatish gapni boyroq ko‘rsatadi.

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✅Ephemeral-juda qisqa muddat davom etadigan, o‘tkinchi

📝Example:

Beauty is ephemeral, but kindness lasts forever.

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🔸Past perfect kalit so’zlar!

🔸by then — o‘sha vaqtga kelib
🔸before — dan oldin
🔸after — dan keyin
🔸already — allaqachon
🔸never — hech qachon emas
🔸ever — hech qachon
🔸just — hozirgina
🔸until then — o‘sha vaqtgacha
🔸till — gacha
🔸when — qachon
🔸once — bir marta
🔸by the time — …ga kelib
🔸after … — …dan keyin
🔸hardly … when — …ga ulgurmasdan
🔸scarcely … when — …ga ulgurmasdan
🔸no sooner … than — …zahoti

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🔸Impeccable-benuqson, mukammal

📝Example:

Despite being questioned for over three hours, she maintained an impeccable account of the events, leaving no room for doubt or contradiction.

Hoziroq yodlab commentda gap tuzib qoldiramiz.👇

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🏁Were it not for + noun
= Agar … bo‘lmaganida

📝Example:

🟡Were it not for my parents, I wouldn’t be where I am today.

🟡Were it not for modern technology, communication would be much harder.

Yaxshilab o’rganib oling dears. Hozir shu grammar structure bo’yicha mini quiz tashlayman.✅

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✅ VIDEO FOR SHADOWING

🔸Videodagi har bir so'zni pronunciation uchun ishlating va so'zlovchi ortidan takrorlang.

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📆 Day 1: a / an

“a” va “an” — bu artikllar.
Ular narsanining soni bitta ekanligini bildiradi (one thing).

👉 “a” — undosh tovush bilan boshlansa
👉 “an” — unli tovush bilan boshlansa

🔤 Rule (Qoidasi)

✅ a + undosh tovush (b, c, d..)
→ a cat, a book, a car

✅ an + unli tovush (a, e, i, o, u)
→ an apple, an egg, an umbrella

✏️ Examples (Misollar)

I have a cat

🐱

She is a teacher 👩‍🏫
I ate an apple 🍎
He has an umbrella ☔️

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🎯Idiom: Cram for an exam

🔸Meaning:
To study intensively right before an exam — ya’ni, imtihon oldidan qisqa vaqt ichida juda ko‘p o‘qish.

📝Example:
I stayed up all night to cram for my English exam.

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✅Video for Shadowing

🇬🇧Agar Speaking darajangizni tezroq oshirmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, shadowing texnikasini kundalik odatga aylantiring.

🔸Shadowing nima?

👉

Shadowing — bu eshitayotgan nutqni deyarli bir vaqtning o‘zida (yoki juda kichik kechikish bilan) ovoz chiqarib takrorlash usuli.

🏁Bu metod sizga:
🟡Talaffuzni to‘g‘rilash
🟡Intonatsiyani tabiiylashtirish
🟡Tez va ravon gapirishni shakllantirish
🟡Real suhbat tezligiga moslashish

imkonini beradi.

✅Muhimi: so‘zlarni emas, ohang va ritmni ushlashga harakat qiling.

Videodagi nutqni shadowing qiling va voice message qilib commentga qoldiring..

🔸

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🔻RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative clause — gapga qo‘shimcha ma’lumot beradigan qism.

⚡️Asosan:
🟡who
🟡which
🟡that

bilan ishlatiladi.

⬇️Simple tushuncha:

“who” → odamlar uchun
“which” → narsalar uchun
“that” → ikkalasi uchun ham ishlatsa bo‘ladi

📝Examples:

🟡The girl who won the competition is my friend.

🟡This is the phone which I bought yesterday.

🟡The book that changed my life was very inspiring.

✔️Relative clauses gapni more natural va advanced qiladi.
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