✅Gs-1 : Geography/Gs-3 : Environment
✅Rejosari Senik- Case study- example of how slow-onset events (like sea-level rise) trigger climate-induced displacement and transform land use patterns.
🅾️Many residents migrated for better jobs and homes, leaving behind what resembled a ghost town.
🅾️Mangroves act as bio-shields, reducing tidal wave impact.They stabilize the coast, reduce erosion, and store carbon.Indonesian government plans to build a 700-km sea wall to hold back the rising sea.
⚠️Gs-4 : Ethics point- Environmental Ethics- Pasijah represents the emotional and cultural bonds people share with their land. Dont think that when we speak about Adaptation it is not only technical but also about dignity, memory, and identity of people.
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✅Rejosari Senik- Case study- example of how slow-onset events (like sea-level rise) trigger climate-induced displacement and transform land use patterns.
🅾️Many residents migrated for better jobs and homes, leaving behind what resembled a ghost town.
🅾️Mangroves act as bio-shields, reducing tidal wave impact.They stabilize the coast, reduce erosion, and store carbon.Indonesian government plans to build a 700-km sea wall to hold back the rising sea.
⚠️Gs-4 : Ethics point- Environmental Ethics- Pasijah represents the emotional and cultural bonds people share with their land. Dont think that when we speak about Adaptation it is not only technical but also about dignity, memory, and identity of people.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Environment
✅Gs-1 : Geography/Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Aral Sea is a is a landlocked sea -Shrinkage-began in the 1960s due to Soviet-era diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for irrigation.
🅾️Geological Uplift: Loss of water weight has caused the Earth's crust in the Aral Sea basin to rise — about 1.6 inches (4 cm) between 2016–2020.
🅾️Desert Formation: Drying of the Aral Sea led to the creation of the Aralkum Desert.
🅾️Dust emissions from Aralkum doubled between 1985 and 2015, carrying toxins and salts.Dust affects air quality and public health in nearby countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan).
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
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✅Gs-1 : Geography/Gs-3 : Environment
🅾️Aral Sea is a is a landlocked sea -Shrinkage-began in the 1960s due to Soviet-era diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for irrigation.
🅾️Geological Uplift: Loss of water weight has caused the Earth's crust in the Aral Sea basin to rise — about 1.6 inches (4 cm) between 2016–2020.
🅾️Desert Formation: Drying of the Aral Sea led to the creation of the Aralkum Desert.
🅾️Dust emissions from Aralkum doubled between 1985 and 2015, carrying toxins and salts.Dust affects air quality and public health in nearby countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan).
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-1 : Geography
✅Gs-2 : IR- USA eyes Africa's great lake region for mines and minerals.
🅾️The U.S. is diversifying supply chains to reduce China dependency and Use resource diplomacy as peace diplomacy- This is part of the broader “friend-shoring” strategy: supply security through allied or strategic partnerships.
🅾️But issue is - Minerals fund wars in Congo just like oil in the Middle East — making control over resources a cause of and solution to violence.We discussed about the Africa's Great lake Region in this video on Mapping. V. IMP for mapping- https://youtu.be/1P0Fmh9HXv4
🅾️Bisie mine was a model of ethical mining — modernised, regulated, global export supply
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR- USA eyes Africa's great lake region for mines and minerals.
🅾️The U.S. is diversifying supply chains to reduce China dependency and Use resource diplomacy as peace diplomacy- This is part of the broader “friend-shoring” strategy: supply security through allied or strategic partnerships.
🅾️But issue is - Minerals fund wars in Congo just like oil in the Middle East — making control over resources a cause of and solution to violence.We discussed about the Africa's Great lake Region in this video on Mapping. V. IMP for mapping- https://youtu.be/1P0Fmh9HXv4
🅾️Bisie mine was a model of ethical mining — modernised, regulated, global export supply
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
UPSC Prelims 2025- Key.pdf
30 MB
✅How Relevant was VK IAS in prelims 2025?- ☝️Check this document. 🙂
This is also the official key from my end
- VK ( @hinduhighlights and @upschighlights)
This is also the official key from my end
- VK ( @hinduhighlights and @upschighlights)
#Placesinnews #Geography
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- China Relations
✅Gs-1 : Geography- Indian Geography- Passes
🅾️Importance of Shipki La Pass-Could cut Delhi–Mansarovar journey by 14 days-Strong religious and ethnic links with Tibetan plateau communities-Shared surnames (e.g., Namgyal) reflect cross-border kinship-Festivals, pilgrimages (e.g., Mansarovar) reinforce civilisational unity.
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✅Gs-2 : IR- India- China Relations
✅Gs-1 : Geography- Indian Geography- Passes
🅾️Importance of Shipki La Pass-Could cut Delhi–Mansarovar journey by 14 days-Strong religious and ethnic links with Tibetan plateau communities-Shared surnames (e.g., Namgyal) reflect cross-border kinship-Festivals, pilgrimages (e.g., Mansarovar) reinforce civilisational unity.
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#Placesinnews #Geography
✅Gs-1 : Geography- Strait of Hormuz
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- Gulf Relations- Energy Security
🔰India’s Oil & Gas Dependency on the Region (2023 data):
⚜️~60% of India’s crude oil imports come from West Asia (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Iran).
⚜️~40% of global seaborne oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz.
⚠️A sustained disruption in the Strait of Hormuz could lead to:
🅾️Oil prices doubling= India’s fiscal and current account balance deteriorating by 1–2% of GDP->Inflationary pressures worsening by ~2 percentage points->Rupee weakening by ~5–7%
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✅Gs-1 : Geography- Strait of Hormuz
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- Gulf Relations- Energy Security
🔰India’s Oil & Gas Dependency on the Region (2023 data):
⚜️~60% of India’s crude oil imports come from West Asia (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Iran).
⚜️~40% of global seaborne oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz.
⚠️A sustained disruption in the Strait of Hormuz could lead to:
🅾️Oil prices doubling= India’s fiscal and current account balance deteriorating by 1–2% of GDP->Inflationary pressures worsening by ~2 percentage points->Rupee weakening by ~5–7%
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
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#Placesinnews #Geography
✅Rivers in Kerala- As discussed in Madhav Gadgil committee report
⚠️Top 5 Longest Rivers in Kerala and Lengths- There are 44 rivers in Kerala. 41 of them flow westward and 3 eastward.
East flowing rivers in kerala: Kabani, Bhavani, Pambar All the rivers are entirely monsoon-fed.
⚜️1. Periyar River (244km)-Kaladi, the birth place of Sankaracharya-on the banks of this river AKA 'Churni' in Kautilya's Arthashastra- Mullaperiyar dam location- home for largest hydro-electric project in Kerala,Idukki dam
⚜️2. Bharatapuzha River (209km)-AKA Nile of Kerala
⚜️3. Pamba River (176km)- flows through Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary-AKA 'Dakshina Bhageerathi' and 'River Baris'- Has sabarimala temple .
⚜️4. Chaliyar River (169km)- AKA Beppur puzha
⚜️5. Chalakudy River (169km)
🅾️Siva idol consecrated by social reformer Sree Narayana Guru at Aruvippuram is on the banks of Neyyar
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✅Rivers in Kerala- As discussed in Madhav Gadgil committee report
⚠️Top 5 Longest Rivers in Kerala and Lengths- There are 44 rivers in Kerala. 41 of them flow westward and 3 eastward.
East flowing rivers in kerala: Kabani, Bhavani, Pambar All the rivers are entirely monsoon-fed.
⚜️1. Periyar River (244km)-Kaladi, the birth place of Sankaracharya-on the banks of this river AKA 'Churni' in Kautilya's Arthashastra- Mullaperiyar dam location- home for largest hydro-electric project in Kerala,Idukki dam
⚜️2. Bharatapuzha River (209km)-AKA Nile of Kerala
⚜️3. Pamba River (176km)- flows through Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary-AKA 'Dakshina Bhageerathi' and 'River Baris'- Has sabarimala temple .
⚜️4. Chaliyar River (169km)- AKA Beppur puzha
⚜️5. Chalakudy River (169km)
🅾️Siva idol consecrated by social reformer Sree Narayana Guru at Aruvippuram is on the banks of Neyyar
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✅Gs-3 : Disaster management- Case study- Himachal Pradesh
✅Gs -1 : Geography- Impact of climate change on climate
🅾️ How spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is changing with climate change- click here
🅾️What are Cloudbursts?- Click here
🔰What do you need to fix this problem?- 4C–2D–1R
⚜️C1: Climate Risk Mapping
⚜️C2: Capacity at local level
⚜️C3: Coordination between depts
⚜️C4: Communication clarity
⚜️D1: Decentralized Implementation
⚜️D2: Disaster Anticipation Systems
⚜️R: Resilient Infrastructure Redesign
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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✅Gs -1 : Geography- Impact of climate change on climate
🅾️ How spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is changing with climate change- click here
🅾️What are Cloudbursts?- Click here
🔰What do you need to fix this problem?- 4C–2D–1R
⚜️C1: Climate Risk Mapping
⚜️C2: Capacity at local level
⚜️C3: Coordination between depts
⚜️C4: Communication clarity
⚜️D1: Decentralized Implementation
⚜️D2: Disaster Anticipation Systems
⚜️R: Resilient Infrastructure Redesign
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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#Disaster
✅GS1- Geography
✅GS3- Disaster management
🔴What is a Glacial lake and what is a Glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)? Why are they increasing- GLOF = Glacial Lake Outburst Flood: Sudden release of water from glacial lakes, typically due to dam (moraine/ice) failure.- Click here
🅾️River most impacted: Bhote Koshi River (major transboundary river flowing into Nepal).
⚠️n 2023, India finalised its 1stnational GLOF mitigation programme
🅾️Tech measures
1. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS): Installed in Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
2. Early warning systems (EWS) being piloted.
3. Real-time water discharge sensors installed.
4. Landslide-prone areas mapped for prioritisation.
🌟Pilot projects: Artificial draining of lakes, risk modelling, glacier-lake volume studies.
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🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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✅GS1- Geography
✅GS3- Disaster management
🔴What is a Glacial lake and what is a Glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)? Why are they increasing- GLOF = Glacial Lake Outburst Flood: Sudden release of water from glacial lakes, typically due to dam (moraine/ice) failure.- Click here
🅾️River most impacted: Bhote Koshi River (major transboundary river flowing into Nepal).
⚠️n 2023, India finalised its 1st
🅾️Tech measures
1. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS): Installed in Uttarakhand, Sikkim.
2. Early warning systems (EWS) being piloted.
3. Real-time water discharge sensors installed.
4. Landslide-prone areas mapped for prioritisation.
🌟Pilot projects: Artificial draining of lakes, risk modelling, glacier-lake volume studies.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-1 : Geography
🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
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🅾️Watershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- x Click here
🅾️Flash floods are sudden floods due to heavy rain or GLOFs->Kill >5000 people/year in India-> Damage to infrastructure, farmlands, ecosystems-> Events rose from 132 (2020) → 184 (2022) — trend of intensification.
⚜️If soil is already wet → less infiltration → rapid runoff → flash flood. Climate Change Link
Each +1°C → +7% atmospheric moisture → more rain. Flash flood events doubled between 1981–2020. Monsoon (June–Sep) = 75% of all flash floods. Pre- & post-monsoon rainfall intensity ↑ 56% and 40%.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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✅Gs-1 : Geography- Mercator Map replacement Issue- Africa
✅GS-1: World History-Post-colonial perspectives- Decolonization
✅Gs-4 : Ethics: Perception, Bias, Equity
🅾️The Mercator projection, created by cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569, was designed to aid navigation but not represent geography accurately.It enlarges landmasses near the poles and shrinks those near the equator.
⚠️As a result: 1. Africa appears 3x smaller than it actually is. 2. Greenland looks the same size as Africa, though it’s 14x smaller. 3. Europe appears proportionally bigger, reinforcing Eurocentric worldviews
🔰These distortions normalize colonial dominance, portraying Africa as "small, conquerable, and insignificant- leads to psychological marginalisation, subtly shaping global perception of importance, power, and centrality.
🅾️Distorted maps = distorted power relations.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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✅GS-1: World History-Post-colonial perspectives- Decolonization
✅Gs-4 : Ethics: Perception, Bias, Equity
🅾️The Mercator projection, created by cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569, was designed to aid navigation but not represent geography accurately.It enlarges landmasses near the poles and shrinks those near the equator.
⚠️As a result: 1. Africa appears 3x smaller than it actually is. 2. Greenland looks the same size as Africa, though it’s 14x smaller. 3. Europe appears proportionally bigger, reinforcing Eurocentric worldviews
🔰These distortions normalize colonial dominance, portraying Africa as "small, conquerable, and insignificant- leads to psychological marginalisation, subtly shaping global perception of importance, power, and centrality.
🅾️Distorted maps = distorted power relations.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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#Geography #Placesinnews
✅scarborough shoal
🅾️Conflicted region in south china sea- It is a triangular atoll, located 200 km from the Philippines coast, and within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) under UNCLOS(1982).
🔰Other places of south china sea in news
⚜️1. Gulf of Tonkin- Click here
⚜️2. Paracel Islands- Click here
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✅scarborough shoal
🅾️Conflicted region in south china sea- It is a triangular atoll, located 200 km from the Philippines coast, and within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) under UNCLOS(1982).
🔰Other places of south china sea in news
⚜️1. Gulf of Tonkin- Click here
⚜️2. Paracel Islands- Click here
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change-
🅾️Urban Floods in India- How to plan?
⚜️A system designed for old conditions fails when new input variables change drastically.Cities are designed for an older climate regime (predictable monsoon calendar), not today’s erratic, intense rainfall.
⚠️ Gap = Preparedness follows “calendar” (seasonal averages), but reality follows “real-time rain events.”System failure happens when interlinked subsystems (drainage + waste + planning) don’t coordinate.
⚜️So-Dynamic shocks (flash floods) need dynamic planning tools (real-time data + integrated response).
⚜️Urban planning must design for uncertainty instead of averages-whether the city is prepared for the rain already falling.
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🅾️Urban Floods in India- How to plan?
⚜️A system designed for old conditions fails when new input variables change drastically.Cities are designed for an older climate regime (predictable monsoon calendar), not today’s erratic, intense rainfall.
⚠️ Gap = Preparedness follows “calendar” (seasonal averages), but reality follows “real-time rain events.”System failure happens when interlinked subsystems (drainage + waste + planning) don’t coordinate.
⚜️So-Dynamic shocks (flash floods) need dynamic planning tools (real-time data + integrated response).
⚜️Urban planning must design for uncertainty instead of averages-whether the city is prepared for the rain already falling.
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Geography #Placesinnews
✅Sir creek issue- it lies between Sindh (Pakistan) and Kutch (Gujarat, India)- Issue Originated pre-independence, between Kutch and Sindh princely states.
⚠️Issue to notice : India follows Thalweg principle (mid-channel). Pakistan claims the whole creek.
🅾️Nature of the creek : It’s a tidal estuary, fluctuating with tides. it is therefore NOT permanent -i.e. Pak claims it is non-navigable- India opposes it.
⚠️ALSO NOTE - India opposes internationalisation under Simla Accord.Disputes cant be taken to international tribunals.
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✅Sir creek issue- it lies between Sindh (Pakistan) and Kutch (Gujarat, India)- Issue Originated pre-independence, between Kutch and Sindh princely states.
⚠️Issue to notice : India follows Thalweg principle (mid-channel). Pakistan claims the whole creek.
🅾️Nature of the creek : It’s a tidal estuary, fluctuating with tides. it is therefore NOT permanent -i.e. Pak claims it is non-navigable- India opposes it.
⚠️ALSO NOTE - India opposes internationalisation under Simla Accord.Disputes cant be taken to international tribunals.
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✅Gs 1- Geography-Importance of Dam safety
🅾️Issue of Mullaperiyar dam- dual-impact issue of Mullaperiyar Dam's management on Tamil Nadu's environment, economy, and society, focusing on the heightened risk of inflows from Kerala (where the dam is located) and the resulting challenges, primarily concerning flood risk and water security.When Kerala is forced to release water due to heavy rainfall, Tamil Nadu's river systems (like the Vaigai) are stressed. This creates a "double whammy" of managing high inflows during a flood-prone season (northeast monsoon) while simultaneously facing water scarcity issues due to poor local storage and mismanagement of groundwater.
⚜️Also read rivers of kerala- Click here
🅾️Dams as a source of Inter state conflict- Click here
🔰Environmental Impacts
⚜️1. Flash foods- link to climate change- Click here
⚜️2.Disaster management- Management issues b/w Riparian states- Click here
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🅾️Issue of Mullaperiyar dam- dual-impact issue of Mullaperiyar Dam's management on Tamil Nadu's environment, economy, and society, focusing on the heightened risk of inflows from Kerala (where the dam is located) and the resulting challenges, primarily concerning flood risk and water security.When Kerala is forced to release water due to heavy rainfall, Tamil Nadu's river systems (like the Vaigai) are stressed. This creates a "double whammy" of managing high inflows during a flood-prone season (northeast monsoon) while simultaneously facing water scarcity issues due to poor local storage and mismanagement of groundwater.
⚜️Also read rivers of kerala- Click here
🅾️Dams as a source of Inter state conflict- Click here
🔰Environmental Impacts
⚜️1. Flash foods- link to climate change- Click here
⚜️2.Disaster management- Management issues b/w Riparian states- Click here
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-1 : Geography- Spatial planning of cities- Urbanization agenda
🅾️Context : Major problem of city planning is that the city is planned like a map, not like a living organism i.e. - The plan is essentially a land-use zoning document, not a strategic growth blueprint.
🅾️It identifies “where” functions should be located but not “why” or “how” they evolve dynamically.For a rapidly growing tech and service economy, static zoning cannot adapt to new patterns like data centres, co-working, logistics sprawl, or high-density residential corridors-this led to unchecked peri-urban sprawl
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🅾️Context : Major problem of city planning is that the city is planned like a map, not like a living organism i.e. - The plan is essentially a land-use zoning document, not a strategic growth blueprint.
🅾️It identifies “where” functions should be located but not “why” or “how” they evolve dynamically.For a rapidly growing tech and service economy, static zoning cannot adapt to new patterns like data centres, co-working, logistics sprawl, or high-density residential corridors-this led to unchecked peri-urban sprawl
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
✅Important articles for the theme of climate change in Geography
🅾️1. Glaciers and ice caps- What is a glacier?- What are the conditions for the formation of a glacier?- Click here, GLOF and another example- Click here- parkachik glacier
🅾️2. Groundwater Depletion- Reduced snowfall and erratic monsoons decrease natural recharge- Click here
🅾️3. Surface Water Variability (≈1% of total freshwater)-Click here+ here= Musi river rejuvenation and Rhine river water pollution management case study
🅾️4. Snow Cover = Click here
🅾️5. Permafrost Thaw- Click here
🅾️6. Hydrological Extremes: Drought + Floods
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
🅾️1. Glaciers and ice caps- What is a glacier?- What are the conditions for the formation of a glacier?- Click here, GLOF and another example- Click here- parkachik glacier
🅾️2. Groundwater Depletion- Reduced snowfall and erratic monsoons decrease natural recharge- Click here
🅾️3. Surface Water Variability (≈1% of total freshwater)-Click here+ here= Musi river rejuvenation and Rhine river water pollution management case study
🅾️4. Snow Cover = Click here
🅾️5. Permafrost Thaw- Click here
🅾️6. Hydrological Extremes: Drought + Floods
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news seggregated at one place
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Geography
✅Aravalli - Ecological signifiance
🅾️The Aravalli system functions as a degraded but critical geomorphic and ecological transition zone, whose disruption has amplified desertification, groundwater stress, and habitat fragmentation
🔰Important points for Prelims exam:
⚜️Oldest Range: The Aravallis are India's oldest mountain range (~2 billion years old).
⚜️Desert Shield: They act as a critical "ecological barrier" preventing the eastward spread of the Thar Desert into the Indo-Gangetic plains (Haryana, UP).
⚜️Water Tower: They are the source of major rivers like Chambal, Sabarmati, and Luni and serve as a massive groundwater recharge zone.
⚜️Resource Hub: Rich in minerals like sandstone, marble, granite, lead, zinc, and copper.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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@ecologyhighlights for high value environment articles
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✅Aravalli - Ecological signifiance
🅾️The Aravalli system functions as a degraded but critical geomorphic and ecological transition zone, whose disruption has amplified desertification, groundwater stress, and habitat fragmentation
🔰Important points for Prelims exam:
⚜️Oldest Range: The Aravallis are India's oldest mountain range (~2 billion years old).
⚜️Desert Shield: They act as a critical "ecological barrier" preventing the eastward spread of the Thar Desert into the Indo-Gangetic plains (Haryana, UP).
⚜️Water Tower: They are the source of major rivers like Chambal, Sabarmati, and Luni and serve as a massive groundwater recharge zone.
⚜️Resource Hub: Rich in minerals like sandstone, marble, granite, lead, zinc, and copper.
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✅Gs-1 : Geography- Aravalli
✅Gs-2 : Environment- Conservation-Threats to the Biodiversity of Aravallis
⚠️Aravalli - Ecological signifiance - Prelims revision pointers
🅾️Q) What do you mean by a wasteland- what are the problems associated with the definition of a wasteland? Critically analyze- click here
⚜️What is the Aravalli SC judgement?- Click here
🔰Without a uniform standard, different States used "inconsistent criteria" to identify Aravalli formations. For Ex, some used slope measurements (>3°) while others used height.This allowed states to technically classify certain hill areas outside the "Aravalli" definition, thereby legally granting mining leases in ecologically sensitive zones that should have been protected- it would "open all the hills below 100 metres for mining".
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Environment- Conservation-Threats to the Biodiversity of Aravallis
⚠️Aravalli - Ecological signifiance - Prelims revision pointers
🅾️Q) What do you mean by a wasteland- what are the problems associated with the definition of a wasteland? Critically analyze- click here
⚜️What is the Aravalli SC judgement?- Click here
🔰Without a uniform standard, different States used "inconsistent criteria" to identify Aravalli formations. For Ex, some used slope measurements (>3°) while others used height.This allowed states to technically classify certain hill areas outside the "Aravalli" definition, thereby legally granting mining leases in ecologically sensitive zones that should have been protected- it would "open all the hills below 100 metres for mining".
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu