Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
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โก๏ธThese videos will be based on last 2 year contemporary Issues - useful for mains 2022 and Prelims 2023 : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โก๏ธThese videos will be based on last 2 year contemporary Issues - useful for mains 2022 and Prelims 2023 : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Geography
โ Occurrence of Lightning
๐ พ๏ธContext : lightning strikes across Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
๐ พ๏ธDetails : lightning is a rapid and massive discharge of electricity in the atmosphere some of which is directed towards earth-The discharges are generated in giant moisture-bearing clouds.The base of these clouds typically lie within 1-2 km of the Earthโs surface, while the top is 12-13 km away.Temperatures in the top of these clouds are in the range of โ35ยฐ to โ45ยฐC.
๐ พ๏ธThis process results in a situation in which the top layer of the cloud gets positively charged, while the middle layer is negatively charged.The electrical potential difference between the two layers is huge, of the order of a billion to 10 billion volts.In very little time, a massive current, of the order of 100,000 to a million amperes, starts to flow between the layers.
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ Occurrence of Lightning
๐ พ๏ธContext : lightning strikes across Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
๐ พ๏ธDetails : lightning is a rapid and massive discharge of electricity in the atmosphere some of which is directed towards earth-The discharges are generated in giant moisture-bearing clouds.The base of these clouds typically lie within 1-2 km of the Earthโs surface, while the top is 12-13 km away.Temperatures in the top of these clouds are in the range of โ35ยฐ to โ45ยฐC.
๐ พ๏ธThis process results in a situation in which the top layer of the cloud gets positively charged, while the middle layer is negatively charged.The electrical potential difference between the two layers is huge, of the order of a billion to 10 billion volts.In very little time, a massive current, of the order of 100,000 to a million amperes, starts to flow between the layers.
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Geography
โ Gs-1 : Geography- Summer solstice
โ๏ธWinter Solstice - this year's Prelims Question was based on this topic- Click here
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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โ Gs-1 : Geography- Summer solstice
โ๏ธWinter Solstice - this year's Prelims Question was based on this topic- Click here
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
โ
Gs-1 : Geography- Monsoon
๐Expected Question: Regional variation in Monsoon -> Why North Is Rain-Starved & Northeast Is Flooded?
โก๏ธcharacteristics of ongoing floods: La-Nina + negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)-> leading to floods
โก๏ธReason for changing monsoon pattern :
๐ พ๏ธThe moisture-holding capacity of the air has increased with global warming.
โ ๏ธImpact : India now has long dry periods interspersed with short spells of heavy rains. For example, a monthโs rain is pouring in a day or two now
โก๏ธImpact of a 1หC rise in global temperature for South Asia :
๐ พ๏ธ Read from the highlights.
๐ถPrelims : What is Storm surge- Click here
โก๏ธWay ahead :
๐Disaster-proof every district and village of South Asia and make them climate-resilient
๐ Redesign cities and prepare rural areas for intensifying cyclones, floods and heatwaves
๐Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐Expected Question: Regional variation in Monsoon -> Why North Is Rain-Starved & Northeast Is Flooded?
โก๏ธcharacteristics of ongoing floods: La-Nina + negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)-> leading to floods
โก๏ธReason for changing monsoon pattern :
๐ พ๏ธThe moisture-holding capacity of the air has increased with global warming.
โ ๏ธImpact : India now has long dry periods interspersed with short spells of heavy rains. For example, a monthโs rain is pouring in a day or two now
โก๏ธImpact of a 1หC rise in global temperature for South Asia :
๐ พ๏ธ Read from the highlights.
๐ถPrelims : What is Storm surge- Click here
โก๏ธWay ahead :
๐Disaster-proof every district and village of South Asia and make them climate-resilient
๐ Redesign cities and prepare rural areas for intensifying cyclones, floods and heatwaves
๐Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-1 : Geography- Marine Heatwaves
๐ พ๏ธWhat are Marine Heatwaves?- periods of extremely high temperatures in the ocean.
๐ พ๏ธImpact-coral bleaching, seagrass destruction, and loss of kelp forests, affecting the fisheries sector , affect ecosystem structure-mass mortality of marine invertebrates,change the habitat ranges of certain species-spiny sea urchin off southeastern Australia, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and overfishing.
๐ พ๏ธDrivers of marine heatwaves?- ocean currents which can build up areas of warm water and air-sea heat flux, or warming through the ocean surface from the atmosphere.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐ พ๏ธWhat are Marine Heatwaves?- periods of extremely high temperatures in the ocean.
๐ พ๏ธImpact-coral bleaching, seagrass destruction, and loss of kelp forests, affecting the fisheries sector , affect ecosystem structure-mass mortality of marine invertebrates,change the habitat ranges of certain species-spiny sea urchin off southeastern Australia, ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and overfishing.
๐ พ๏ธDrivers of marine heatwaves?- ocean currents which can build up areas of warm water and air-sea heat flux, or warming through the ocean surface from the atmosphere.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Economy #Geography #Minerals
โ Uranium Mining in Rajasthan-Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths
๐ พ๏ธContext : Huge reserves of Uranium have been found at Rohil (Khandela Tehsil) in Sikar district of Rajasthan- After Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand, Rajasthan has become the third state where uranium has been found.
๐ พ๏ธFact : Worldโs largest producer of Uranium are Kazakhstan, Canada and Australia
๐ พ๏ธ Uranium has also been found in Niger, Russia, Uzbekistan, Namibia, Ukraine and the US.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ Uranium Mining in Rajasthan-Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths
๐ พ๏ธContext : Huge reserves of Uranium have been found at Rohil (Khandela Tehsil) in Sikar district of Rajasthan- After Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand, Rajasthan has become the third state where uranium has been found.
๐ พ๏ธFact : Worldโs largest producer of Uranium are Kazakhstan, Canada and Australia
๐ พ๏ธ Uranium has also been found in Niger, Russia, Uzbekistan, Namibia, Ukraine and the US.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
#Geography
โ What are Cloudbursts?
โก๏ธContext : cloudburst occurred at the Amarnath Cave Shrine near Pahalgam in south Kashmir.
๐ พ๏ธWhat?- Short-duration, intense rainfall events over a small area- with unexpected precipitation exceeding 100mm/h over a geographical region of approximately 20-30 square km.
๐ พ๏ธReasons : During the cloudburst, the relative humidity and cloud cover was at the maximum level with low temperature and slow winds.It is expected that because of this situation a high amount of clouds may get condensed at a very rapid rate and result in a cloudburst.
๐ พ๏ธClimate change impact?- It is expected that because of this situation a high amount of clouds may get condensed at a very rapid rate and result in a cloudburst.Several studies have shown that climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of cloudbursts in many cities across the globe.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ What are Cloudbursts?
โก๏ธContext : cloudburst occurred at the Amarnath Cave Shrine near Pahalgam in south Kashmir.
๐ พ๏ธWhat?- Short-duration, intense rainfall events over a small area- with unexpected precipitation exceeding 100mm/h over a geographical region of approximately 20-30 square km.
๐ พ๏ธReasons : During the cloudburst, the relative humidity and cloud cover was at the maximum level with low temperature and slow winds.It is expected that because of this situation a high amount of clouds may get condensed at a very rapid rate and result in a cloudburst.
๐ พ๏ธClimate change impact?- It is expected that because of this situation a high amount of clouds may get condensed at a very rapid rate and result in a cloudburst.Several studies have shown that climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of cloudbursts in many cities across the globe.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-1 : Geography- Climate change- Glaciers
โ๏ธGlaciers in India-Click here
โ Gs-3 : Climate change- India's umbrella plan for dealing with climate change - NAPCC
โก๏ธ Under The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) the 5th mission is National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem- It is aimed at protecting the Himalayas, it has mapped institutes and civil society organisations working on the Himalayan ecology for ease of coordination between governmental and non-governmental agencies.-Click here
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ๏ธGlaciers in India-Click here
โ Gs-3 : Climate change- India's umbrella plan for dealing with climate change - NAPCC
โก๏ธ Under The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) the 5th mission is National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem- It is aimed at protecting the Himalayas, it has mapped institutes and civil society organisations working on the Himalayan ecology for ease of coordination between governmental and non-governmental agencies.-Click here
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Geography
โ Derecho Storm Systemโ
๐ พ๏ธWhat is it?- band of fast-moving showers or thunderstorms.Its name has been derived from Spanish word โla derechaโ meaning โstraightโ in English.
โก๏ธ Straight-line storms can be defined as the thunderstorm winds having no rotation.It is a rare phenomenon, as opposed to other storm systems like tornadoes or hurricanes
๐ พ๏ธWhere will you find them?- Mostly in the central and eastern parts of United States.Derechos have also been reported in countries like Russia, Germany, Finland, Bulgaria and Poland.
โ ๏ธImportant feature- Skies turn green when light interacts with huge amount of water held by them
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ Derecho Storm Systemโ
๐ พ๏ธWhat is it?- band of fast-moving showers or thunderstorms.Its name has been derived from Spanish word โla derechaโ meaning โstraightโ in English.
โก๏ธ Straight-line storms can be defined as the thunderstorm winds having no rotation.It is a rare phenomenon, as opposed to other storm systems like tornadoes or hurricanes
๐ พ๏ธWhere will you find them?- Mostly in the central and eastern parts of United States.Derechos have also been reported in countries like Russia, Germany, Finland, Bulgaria and Poland.
โ ๏ธImportant feature- Skies turn green when light interacts with huge amount of water held by them
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Join
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-3 : Disaster Management- Role of IMD
๐ พ๏ธIMD or the India Meteorological Department has the mandate to warn against severe weather phenomena which cause destruction of life and property.
โก๏ธAlso read Cyclone prediction by IMD
๐ดThe mandate of IMD is not to measure the impact of loss and damage ? So how is NDMA related to MHA ?
โก๏ธAlso read about Tauktae, Yaas cyclones- Click here
๐@hinduhighlights for News analysis
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐ พ๏ธIMD or the India Meteorological Department has the mandate to warn against severe weather phenomena which cause destruction of life and property.
โก๏ธAlso read Cyclone prediction by IMD
๐ดThe mandate of IMD is not to measure the impact of loss and damage ? So how is NDMA related to MHA ?
โก๏ธAlso read about Tauktae, Yaas cyclones- Click here
๐@hinduhighlights for News analysis
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs -1 : Geography- Impact of climate change on climate- Heatwaves- This is one question that is very likely to be asked in mains 2022- Prepare a short note on India specific action plan to handle this problem - click here
IMD classifies anything as Heat waves if temperatures reach at least 40โ in the plains and at least 30โ in the hilly regions, and should reflect an increase of at least 5โ-6โ above the normal temperature
โ๏ธAlso read Marine Heatwaves- click here
โ๏ธDefinition of coldwave?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธAre dew point and wet bulb temperature the same?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธNorth America heat wave- caused by the heat dome- Click here
โก๏ธImpact - Why North Is Rain-Starved & Northeast Is Flooded?- Click here
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
IMD classifies anything as Heat waves if temperatures reach at least 40โ in the plains and at least 30โ in the hilly regions, and should reflect an increase of at least 5โ-6โ above the normal temperature
โ๏ธAlso read Marine Heatwaves- click here
โ๏ธDefinition of coldwave?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธAre dew point and wet bulb temperature the same?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธNorth America heat wave- caused by the heat dome- Click here
โก๏ธImpact - Why North Is Rain-Starved & Northeast Is Flooded?- Click here
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-1 : Geography- Climate change
โ Gs-3 : Disaster Management- Drought management- National Disaster management plan.
๐ พ๏ธWhat is Drought and its types?- Click here
โ๏ธEx : 2021 Madagascar Food Crisis- Click here
๐ พ๏ธReasons for droughts- Click here
๐ พ๏ธData to substantiate your answers- UNCCD has released the Drought in Numbers report- Latest stats- Click here
๐ฐSolution :
โ๏ธ1. Surface water conservation- Rain water harvesting- Click here
โ๏ธ2. Ground water conservation-Governance policies - Click here
โ๏ธ3. Encouraging local innovation-Case study : SDG12- Responsible consumption- Ramesh Bariya case
๐ฐJoin
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ Gs-3 : Disaster Management- Drought management- National Disaster management plan.
๐ พ๏ธWhat is Drought and its types?- Click here
โ๏ธEx : 2021 Madagascar Food Crisis- Click here
๐ พ๏ธReasons for droughts- Click here
๐ พ๏ธData to substantiate your answers- UNCCD has released the Drought in Numbers report- Latest stats- Click here
๐ฐSolution :
โ๏ธ1. Surface water conservation- Rain water harvesting- Click here
โ๏ธ2. Ground water conservation-Governance policies - Click here
โ๏ธ3. Encouraging local innovation-Case study : SDG12- Responsible consumption- Ramesh Bariya case
๐ฐJoin
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Geography
โ Karakoram Anomaly
๐ พ๏ธWhat?- Karakoram Range mountains have not been as affected by Climate Change as others. It is referring to stability or anomalous growth of glaciers in the central Karakoram- nearby mountainous ranges of Himalayas and other mountainous ranges of the world are witnessing retreat of glaciers
๐ พ๏ธReason- revival of Western Disturbances (WDs).The study suggests they constitute about around 65% of the total seasonal snowfall volume and about 53% of the total seasonal precipitation, easily making them the most important source of moisture.
๐ พ๏ธFurther, the precipitation intensity of WDs impacting Karakoram has increased by around 10% in the last two decades, which only enhances their role in sustaining the regional anomaly.
โก๏ธThe Karakorams cover parts of Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, and Tajikistan.
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ Karakoram Anomaly
๐ พ๏ธWhat?- Karakoram Range mountains have not been as affected by Climate Change as others. It is referring to stability or anomalous growth of glaciers in the central Karakoram- nearby mountainous ranges of Himalayas and other mountainous ranges of the world are witnessing retreat of glaciers
๐ พ๏ธReason- revival of Western Disturbances (WDs).The study suggests they constitute about around 65% of the total seasonal snowfall volume and about 53% of the total seasonal precipitation, easily making them the most important source of moisture.
๐ พ๏ธFurther, the precipitation intensity of WDs impacting Karakoram has increased by around 10% in the last two decades, which only enhances their role in sustaining the regional anomaly.
โก๏ธThe Karakorams cover parts of Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, and Tajikistan.
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-1- Geography - society overlap- Tribal issues
๐ พ๏ธThings to observe for prelims : Hasdeo , Mahanadi river drainage,
โผ๏ธwho is a private member?- ONLY opposition members ? or even ruling party members?
โ๏ธWhat are Mineral Concessions?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธThings to cover for GS-2 : Federalism in tribal issues- centre state role in mines and minerals - Centre allocates coal mining blocks while state govt provides clearance from the forest department and those under the Air Pollution Act and the Water Pollution Act.
๐Coal block allocations- background- Click here
โ ๏ธFor geography optional students : Case study- Biogeography- Components of ecosystem management-example of Promotion of interagency coordination and communication with society.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐ พ๏ธThings to observe for prelims : Hasdeo , Mahanadi river drainage,
โผ๏ธwho is a private member?- ONLY opposition members ? or even ruling party members?
โ๏ธWhat are Mineral Concessions?- Click here
๐ พ๏ธThings to cover for GS-2 : Federalism in tribal issues- centre state role in mines and minerals - Centre allocates coal mining blocks while state govt provides clearance from the forest department and those under the Air Pollution Act and the Water Pollution Act.
๐Coal block allocations- background- Click here
โ ๏ธFor geography optional students : Case study- Biogeography- Components of ecosystem management-example of Promotion of interagency coordination and communication with society.
โ ๏ธ@Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
โ
Gs-1/Gs-3 : Geography- Disaster management
๐ พ๏ธWatershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- another Problem - Water stress
๐ พ๏ธIt is the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed.
โ๏ธ Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- Beautiful case study for conservation - sacred grooves- Bishnoi community example- importance of community driven solutions.
๐ฐUsual solutions : Techno centrism and techno mercantalism for climate change- Click here
๐Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐ พ๏ธWatershed management and Rain water harvesting are two nature based solutions for the problem of water conservation and insurance against flash floods- another Problem - Water stress
๐ พ๏ธIt is the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed.
โ๏ธ Case study : Ramrawas Kalan model- Beautiful case study for conservation - sacred grooves- Bishnoi community example- importance of community driven solutions.
๐ฐUsual solutions : Techno centrism and techno mercantalism for climate change- Click here
๐Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
โ
Gs-1/Gs-3 : Geography/environment- Impact of climate change
๐ พ๏ธImpact of climate change on Renewable energy sector-This article can be placed under the challenges of renewable energy sector in india( the biggest one)
๐3 principal challenges( as per IEA):
โ๏ธ1. How to expand reliable energy access and use while maintaining affordability for consumers and financial stability for the DISCOMs
โ๏ธ2. How, at the same time, to integrate increasing shares of renewable energy in a secure and reliable manner
โ๏ธ3. How to reduce emissions to achieve ambitious social and climate objectives while meeting economic goals.
โ ๏ธRegional variation question asked previously by UPSC- Click here
๐Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
๐ พ๏ธImpact of climate change on Renewable energy sector-This article can be placed under the challenges of renewable energy sector in india( the biggest one)
๐3 principal challenges( as per IEA):
โ๏ธ1. How to expand reliable energy access and use while maintaining affordability for consumers and financial stability for the DISCOMs
โ๏ธ2. How, at the same time, to integrate increasing shares of renewable energy in a secure and reliable manner
โ๏ธ3. How to reduce emissions to achieve ambitious social and climate objectives while meeting economic goals.
โ ๏ธRegional variation question asked previously by UPSC- Click here
๐Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
๐Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu