#Economy #Geography
✅Mines and Minerals
🔅Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) arrested 2 people under the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 for possessing uranium without licence.
✳️Where to find this?-occurs naturally in low concentrations in soil, rock and water and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals.
✳️Depleted uranium is also used as shield against radiation in medical processes using radiation therapy and also while transporting radioactive materials.
✳️ Though itself radioactive, uranium’s high density makes it effective in halting radiation.
✳️Its high density also makes it useful as counterweights in aircraft and industrial machinery.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Mines and Minerals
🔅Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) arrested 2 people under the Atomic Energy Act of 1962 for possessing uranium without licence.
✳️Where to find this?-occurs naturally in low concentrations in soil, rock and water and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals.
✳️Depleted uranium is also used as shield against radiation in medical processes using radiation therapy and also while transporting radioactive materials.
✳️ Though itself radioactive, uranium’s high density makes it effective in halting radiation.
✳️Its high density also makes it useful as counterweights in aircraft and industrial machinery.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Economy #Geography
✅Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths
🅾️Rare earths are a special class of 17 elements
🅾️Important rare earths minerals found in India are ilmenite, sillimanite, garnet, zircon, monazite and rutile, collectively called Beach Sand Minerals (BSM)
⚠️India has almost 35 per cent of the world’s total beach sand mineral deposits.
🅾️China -world’s largest producer and consumer of rare earth minerals.
🅾️Chinese exports meet around 80% of the world’s demand for these minerals.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths
🅾️Rare earths are a special class of 17 elements
🅾️Important rare earths minerals found in India are ilmenite, sillimanite, garnet, zircon, monazite and rutile, collectively called Beach Sand Minerals (BSM)
⚠️India has almost 35 per cent of the world’s total beach sand mineral deposits.
🅾️China -world’s largest producer and consumer of rare earth minerals.
🅾️Chinese exports meet around 80% of the world’s demand for these minerals.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#Geography
✅Great Nicobar
🎖Context : Prime Minister had declared that the Andaman and Nicobar islands will be developed as a "maritime and startup hub"- Shows impact on the Giant Leatherback turtle..
🅾️Giant Leatherback Turtle found here-click here
🅾️ southernmost island of the Nicobar Islands Archipelago.
🅾️Galathea Bay is an iconic nesting site in India of the enigmatic Giant Leatherback, the world’s largest marine turtle
🅾️Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve -ecosystems comprising tropical wet evergreen forests,
🅾️Home for Mongoloid Shompen Tribe- hunters and food gatherers, dependent on forest and marine resources for sustenance
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Great Nicobar
🎖Context : Prime Minister had declared that the Andaman and Nicobar islands will be developed as a "maritime and startup hub"- Shows impact on the Giant Leatherback turtle..
🅾️Giant Leatherback Turtle found here-click here
🅾️ southernmost island of the Nicobar Islands Archipelago.
🅾️Galathea Bay is an iconic nesting site in India of the enigmatic Giant Leatherback, the world’s largest marine turtle
🅾️Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve -ecosystems comprising tropical wet evergreen forests,
🅾️Home for Mongoloid Shompen Tribe- hunters and food gatherers, dependent on forest and marine resources for sustenance
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
⚜️The Al-Aqsa is located on a plaza at Temple Mount, which is known in Islam as Haram-e-Sharif. The Mount is also Judaism’s holiest site.
⚜️The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall sacred to Jews, is one side of the retaining wall of the Al-Aqsa compound.
⚜️Soon after the 1967 Six-Day War ended, Israel gave back to Jordan the administration and management of the Al-Aqsa compound.
⚜️While non-Muslims have not been allowed to worship at Al-Aqsa, Jewish individuals and groups have made repeated attempts to gain entry to the Mount Temple plaza
🅾️Since the late 1990s, around the time of the first intifada, such attempts began occurring with a regularity as Jewish settlers began claiming land in East Jerusalem and surrounding areas.
It has led to repeated clashes and tensions at Al-Aqsa.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
⚜️The Al-Aqsa is located on a plaza at Temple Mount, which is known in Islam as Haram-e-Sharif. The Mount is also Judaism’s holiest site.
⚜️The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall sacred to Jews, is one side of the retaining wall of the Al-Aqsa compound.
⚜️Soon after the 1967 Six-Day War ended, Israel gave back to Jordan the administration and management of the Al-Aqsa compound.
⚜️While non-Muslims have not been allowed to worship at Al-Aqsa, Jewish individuals and groups have made repeated attempts to gain entry to the Mount Temple plaza
🅾️Since the late 1990s, around the time of the first intifada, such attempts began occurring with a regularity as Jewish settlers began claiming land in East Jerusalem and surrounding areas.
It has led to repeated clashes and tensions at Al-Aqsa.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
Forwarded from VK IAS- UPSC Environment by Vikas kanukollu
#Environment #Geography
✅Gs-1 : Geography/Gs-3 - Microclimatic zones
🔴Q) What are Microclimatic zones? What is the relationship between extreme weather events and microclimatic zones? Examine the impact on governance
Ans : Above article 👆
🎖One need not remember the exact statistics - but do note the study of council on Energy, Environment and water CEEW
✅Gs-1 : Geography/Gs-3 - Microclimatic zones
🔴Q) What are Microclimatic zones? What is the relationship between extreme weather events and microclimatic zones? Examine the impact on governance
Ans : Above article 👆
🎖One need not remember the exact statistics - but do note the study of council on Energy, Environment and water CEEW
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
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✅GS3- climate change and its effects- Impact of cyclones and climate changes
#GS3 #climatechange
Leaders of the nations need to act on the climate crisis with the same urgency they have shown towards COVID-19. because of two issues
1) Co2 levels- note : 11500 years ago it is because of co2 levels we moved towards agriculture- a symbol of settled societies- now if you destabilize it- just the opposite phenomenon happens- we will be back to being hunter gatherers- but today we have a new name for them- Environmental refugees - also click Here
Another issue is that globe will heat up by 4˚C by the end of the century.
2013- cloud burst in uttarakand
2015- chennai floods
2018-Kerala floods
fani and amphan cyclones are result of man made activities.
Also read this article- Explained on Impact of permafrost - Read here- very detailed and imp article.
#GS3 #climatechange
Leaders of the nations need to act on the climate crisis with the same urgency they have shown towards COVID-19. because of two issues
1) Co2 levels- note : 11500 years ago it is because of co2 levels we moved towards agriculture- a symbol of settled societies- now if you destabilize it- just the opposite phenomenon happens- we will be back to being hunter gatherers- but today we have a new name for them- Environmental refugees - also click Here
Another issue is that globe will heat up by 4˚C by the end of the century.
2013- cloud burst in uttarakand
2015- chennai floods
2018-Kerala floods
fani and amphan cyclones are result of man made activities.
Also read this article- Explained on Impact of permafrost - Read here- very detailed and imp article.
#Geography
✅Land usage pattern
🅾️1)29% Uninhabitable
🅾️2) 10% glaciers
🅾️3) 19% is barren land – deserts, dry salt flats, beaches, sand dunes, and exposed rocks).
🅾️4) Rest-% is ‘Habitable land’=> 50% of habitable land(24% of total) = used for agriculture.
✳️Out of the remaining 50%
✳️1/3rd of it is left for forests
✳️11% as shrubs and grasslands =
✳️1% as freshwater coverage; and the remaining 1% – human habitations like cities- Yet our Economic structures tend to behave like we own the rest of 99% as well
🎖Just get the feel of the numbers- no need to byheart.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Land usage pattern
🅾️1)29% Uninhabitable
🅾️2) 10% glaciers
🅾️3) 19% is barren land – deserts, dry salt flats, beaches, sand dunes, and exposed rocks).
🅾️4) Rest-% is ‘Habitable land’=> 50% of habitable land(24% of total) = used for agriculture.
✳️Out of the remaining 50%
✳️1/3rd of it is left for forests
✳️11% as shrubs and grasslands =
✳️1% as freshwater coverage; and the remaining 1% – human habitations like cities- Yet our Economic structures tend to behave like we own the rest of 99% as well
🎖Just get the feel of the numbers- no need to byheart.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline
⚜️Natural gas pipelines running under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany.
⚜️The first line Nord Stream-1 was laid and inaugurated in 2011 and the second line in 2012
⚜️At 1,222 km in length, Nord Stream is the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world, surpassing the Langeled pipeline
⚜️Nord Stream projects have been opposed by the United States as well as by several Central and Eastern European countries because of concerns that the pipelines would increase Russia’s influence in the region.
⚜️The US resistance to Nord Stream 2 is also influenced by the country’s increased production of natural gas, which gives the US economic incentive to resist the Russian supply of gas to the EU, in favour of US shale gas.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline
⚜️Natural gas pipelines running under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany.
⚜️The first line Nord Stream-1 was laid and inaugurated in 2011 and the second line in 2012
⚜️At 1,222 km in length, Nord Stream is the longest sub-sea pipeline in the world, surpassing the Langeled pipeline
⚜️Nord Stream projects have been opposed by the United States as well as by several Central and Eastern European countries because of concerns that the pipelines would increase Russia’s influence in the region.
⚜️The US resistance to Nord Stream 2 is also influenced by the country’s increased production of natural gas, which gives the US economic incentive to resist the Russian supply of gas to the EU, in favour of US shale gas.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅Paracel Islands
⚜️The Paracel Islands, also known as the Xisha Islands are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea.
⚜️The archipelago includes about 130 small coral islands and reefs, most grouped into the northeast Amphitrite Group or the western Crescent Group.
⚜️They are distributed over a maritime area of around 15,000 square kilometers with a land area of approximately 7.75 square kilometers.
⚜️The archipelago includes Dragon Hole, the deepest underwater sinkhole in the world.
⚜️It is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and a seabed with potential, but as yet unexplored, oil and gas reserves.
🔗Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
✅Paracel Islands
⚜️The Paracel Islands, also known as the Xisha Islands are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea.
⚜️The archipelago includes about 130 small coral islands and reefs, most grouped into the northeast Amphitrite Group or the western Crescent Group.
⚜️They are distributed over a maritime area of around 15,000 square kilometers with a land area of approximately 7.75 square kilometers.
⚜️The archipelago includes Dragon Hole, the deepest underwater sinkhole in the world.
⚜️It is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and a seabed with potential, but as yet unexplored, oil and gas reserves.
🔗Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅Congo- Mount Nyiragongo
Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Congo- Mount Nyiragongo
Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅ China’s 17+1 cooperation forum
🔴The forum is an abbreviation for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries.
🔴It is an initiative by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to promote business and investment relations between China and 16 countries of CEE (CEEC).
🔴The countries are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
🔴The format was founded in 2012 in Warsaw to push for the cooperation of the “17+1” (the 17 CEE countries and China).
🔴Its goals are to promote the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and enhance cooperation in the fields of infrastructure, transportation, and logistics, trade and investment”.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅ China’s 17+1 cooperation forum
🔴The forum is an abbreviation for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries.
🔴It is an initiative by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to promote business and investment relations between China and 16 countries of CEE (CEEC).
🔴The countries are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
🔴The format was founded in 2012 in Warsaw to push for the cooperation of the “17+1” (the 17 CEE countries and China).
🔴Its goals are to promote the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and enhance cooperation in the fields of infrastructure, transportation, and logistics, trade and investment”.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅Lakshadweep
🔰India’s smallest Union Territory- three main group of islands: Amindivi Islands
Laccadive Islands, Minicoy Island.- coral origin (Atoll) and are surrounded by fringing reefs.
💢The entire indigenous population has been classified as Scheduled Tribes because of their economic and social backwardness. There are no Scheduled Castes in this Union Territory.
🛑The entire Lakshadweep group of islands has been declared as an organic agricultural area under the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of India.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Lakshadweep
🔰India’s smallest Union Territory- three main group of islands: Amindivi Islands
Laccadive Islands, Minicoy Island.- coral origin (Atoll) and are surrounded by fringing reefs.
💢The entire indigenous population has been classified as Scheduled Tribes because of their economic and social backwardness. There are no Scheduled Castes in this Union Territory.
🛑The entire Lakshadweep group of islands has been declared as an organic agricultural area under the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of India.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#Geography #Environment
✅ Illegal sand mining
🎖Context : (NGT) has directed the Uttar Pradesh government to take remedial action- against illegal sand mining in a “submerged water area” in Hamirpur district
🎖What is Sand mining?
🛑Extraction of sand-mainly through an open pit -mined from beaches and inland dunes or dredged from ocean and river beds.
🛑Beach sand may contain garnet, leucoxene, sillimanite, and monazite.Sand mining presents opportunities to extract rutile, ilmenite, and zircon.
🛑Sand mining is the world’s largest mining endeavour, responsible for 85 percent of all mineral extraction.
🎖Negative impact?
⚜️Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand
⚜️It can also destroy fisheries,
⚜️Can alter the river bed
⚜️Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
✅ Illegal sand mining
🎖Context : (NGT) has directed the Uttar Pradesh government to take remedial action- against illegal sand mining in a “submerged water area” in Hamirpur district
🎖What is Sand mining?
🛑Extraction of sand-mainly through an open pit -mined from beaches and inland dunes or dredged from ocean and river beds.
🛑Beach sand may contain garnet, leucoxene, sillimanite, and monazite.Sand mining presents opportunities to extract rutile, ilmenite, and zircon.
🛑Sand mining is the world’s largest mining endeavour, responsible for 85 percent of all mineral extraction.
🎖Negative impact?
⚜️Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand
⚜️It can also destroy fisheries,
⚜️Can alter the river bed
⚜️Prelims channel link: https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
#Geography #Environment
✅Arctic Ocean-National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR)
🛑What?- An autonomous Research and Development Institution of the Ministry of Earth Sciences in 1998 to carry out research activities in the polar and Southern Ocean realms
🛑Responsible for maintenance of the Indian stations in Antarctica (Maitri & Bharati) and Arctic (Himadri)
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Arctic Ocean-National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR)
🛑What?- An autonomous Research and Development Institution of the Ministry of Earth Sciences in 1998 to carry out research activities in the polar and Southern Ocean realms
🛑Responsible for maintenance of the Indian stations in Antarctica (Maitri & Bharati) and Arctic (Himadri)
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
#placesinnews #Maps #Geography
✅Great Green Wall of Africa-Sahel region
🅾️Sahel is a semiarid region of western and north-central Africa extending from Senegal eastward to Sudan.
🅾️It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south.
🅾️The Sahel, comprising portions of ten (10) African countries, from left to right: [northern] Senegal, [southern] Mauritania, [central] Mali, [northern] Burkina Faso, [southern] Algeria, [southwestern] Niger, [northern] Nigeria, [central] Chad, [central] Sudan and [northern] Eritrea.
🅾️The wall aims to restore Africa’s degraded landscapes and transform millions of lives in one of the world’s poorest regions, the Sahel.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
✅Great Green Wall of Africa-Sahel region
🅾️Sahel is a semiarid region of western and north-central Africa extending from Senegal eastward to Sudan.
🅾️It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south.
🅾️The Sahel, comprising portions of ten (10) African countries, from left to right: [northern] Senegal, [southern] Mauritania, [central] Mali, [northern] Burkina Faso, [southern] Algeria, [southwestern] Niger, [northern] Nigeria, [central] Chad, [central] Sudan and [northern] Eritrea.
🅾️The wall aims to restore Africa’s degraded landscapes and transform millions of lives in one of the world’s poorest regions, the Sahel.
⚠️@Geohighlights- channel for geography news articles, prelims pointers and maps compiled from 2019 august.
Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Geography
✅Ethiopia - tigray conflict
🔴Eritrea is a sworn enemy of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF)
🔴After becoming Ethiopia’s Prime Minister in April 2018, Abiy Ahmed reached out to the political opposition- removed TPLF from senior government positions
🛑The Tigray Region is the northernmost of the nine regions (kililat) of Ethiopia. It is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob and Kunama peoples.
🛑Capital and largest city: Mekelle.
🔴The Tigray people = 6% of the population, while the Oromos = 34% Amharas =27%. The Oromos have alleged marginalisation and called for better representation- Abiy= country’s first Oromo leader
Read about the entire conflict here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
@Quizhighlights to solve questions on this topic.
✅Ethiopia - tigray conflict
🔴Eritrea is a sworn enemy of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF)
🔴After becoming Ethiopia’s Prime Minister in April 2018, Abiy Ahmed reached out to the political opposition- removed TPLF from senior government positions
🛑The Tigray Region is the northernmost of the nine regions (kililat) of Ethiopia. It is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob and Kunama peoples.
🛑Capital and largest city: Mekelle.
🔴The Tigray people = 6% of the population, while the Oromos = 34% Amharas =27%. The Oromos have alleged marginalisation and called for better representation- Abiy= country’s first Oromo leader
Read about the entire conflict here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
@Quizhighlights to solve questions on this topic.
#IR #Geography
✅What is G7?
🅾️The G-7 or ‘Group of Seven’ includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
🅾️It is an intergovernmental organization that was formed in 1975 by the top economies of the time as an informal forum to discuss pressing world issues.
🅾️Initially, it was formed as an effort by the US and its allies to discuss economic issues.
🅾️The G-7 forum now discusses several challenges such as oil prices and many pressing issues such as financial crises, terrorism, arms control, and drug trafficking.
🅾️It does not have a formal constitution or a fixed headquarters. The decisions taken by leaders during annual summits are non-binding.
🅾️Canada joined the group in 1976, and the European Union began attending in 1977.
🅾️The G-7 became the G-8 in 1997 when Russia was invited to join. In 2014, Russia was debarred after it took over Crimea.
✅All Imp Prelims 2021 themes can be found on : https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw
✅What is G7?
🅾️The G-7 or ‘Group of Seven’ includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
🅾️It is an intergovernmental organization that was formed in 1975 by the top economies of the time as an informal forum to discuss pressing world issues.
🅾️Initially, it was formed as an effort by the US and its allies to discuss economic issues.
🅾️The G-7 forum now discusses several challenges such as oil prices and many pressing issues such as financial crises, terrorism, arms control, and drug trafficking.
🅾️It does not have a formal constitution or a fixed headquarters. The decisions taken by leaders during annual summits are non-binding.
🅾️Canada joined the group in 1976, and the European Union began attending in 1977.
🅾️The G-7 became the G-8 in 1997 when Russia was invited to join. In 2014, Russia was debarred after it took over Crimea.
✅All Imp Prelims 2021 themes can be found on : https://t.me/joinchat/V4KsjUjHd3Gm4hhw