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QP_CS_Pre_Exam_2023_280523

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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
A recent study titled Future Projections for the Tropical Indian Ocean has found that the Indian Ocean is warming rapidly and moving towards a state of near-permanent marine heat waves, with 220-250 days of heat waves projected in a year until 2050.
With increasing marine heat waves, cyclones can intensify, putting fisheries and people living along the coastline, at risk.
TFS:Oceanography,climatology
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
An increase in the consumption of tender coconut and its products is leading to an increase in tender coconut husk in landfill sites and on road corners.
Solid waste management experts say that there are technologies to recycle tender coconut husk into value added products, but the lack of source segregation makes their retrieval difficult.
Tender coconut husk is made of fibers that comprise lignin (30-42%) and cellulose (54-65%) and also traces of tannin and potassium. Drying a tender coconut husk to use as a fuel source, takes six months.
The lignin can be converted into lignosulphonate that has huge industrial application. Right now, we are importing it from Germany and China. The cellulose can be used to develop adsorption products for biomedical applications like wound dressing, scaffolds
TFS:Environmental Geography,Cultural settings
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
Drought grips Kodagu: Cauvery river runs dry, posing threat to wildlife and livelihoods.
Southern Karnataka’s Kodagu district, famous for its coffee estates, is facing an unprecedented drought.

Once characterised by six months of continuous rainfall, the district — home to Talakaveri, the origin of the iconic Cauvery river — now faces a grim reality as the river has dwindled to a trickle, leaving behind parched landscapes. The district has nearly 30 per cent of India’s coffee production, with an approximate production of 120,000 tonnes. The blossom showers, which are a lifeline for coffee during March and April, have not been received by many villages in the district. The coffee plants are drying up.
TFS:Contemporary issues,Agriculture
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
CASE - STUDY :Tipping Point in Kolkata.
It has been a sizzling April for Kolkata; Combination of climate change, urbanisation pushing city beyond tipping point
UN report warns that city’s maximum temperature may reach almost 50°C around 2080; local actions to blame as well.
The continuous influx of northwesterly dry winds and the away movement of moisture generated in the Bay of Bengal are the chief causes of the sustained heatwave and high temperatures in the city.Tthe Assessment Report 6 (AR 6) — the UN report on climate change — projects that the highest temperature in the metropolis may touch 49.6°C between 2081 and 2100; under the worst possible global carbon emissions rise scenario.
TFS:Settlements Geography, Environmental Geography
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
COVID-19 pandemic has left critical gaps in the Indian Ocean marine observation.
Situated in the warmest ocean that influences global weather, the observation system is crucial for storm forecasting.
This year, the U.S.A will provide instrumentation and India shipping, to revive Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) observations in the Indian Ocean.
The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world. The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean stays warm throughout the year, warming and expanding over the past century, influencing global atmospheric circulation and the water cycle. For instance, the expanding warm pool affects Madden Julian Oscillation, a massive disturbance involving clouds, rainfall, winds and pressure that influences rain patterns across the world.
TFS:Trade, transportation & communication and political aspects
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
Dust devils in Mumbai, Delhi caused by merging wind systems-The prerequisite factor for the formation of any storm is heating of the land. Usually, heating of 4-5 days is needed for convection to form which develops into a storm.Once the storm forms, it is sometimes piloted by cold and dry downdraft winds that are downward facing and energetic, also aided by gravity. These winds can get very strong when they travel over hot surfaces caused by heating during summers.
The further intensification of the winds that was witnessed in Mumbai and Delhi could also be because of the tunnelling effect caused by winds flowing in cities in valleys between high built up areas

TFS:Climatology
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🌻🌻GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL MAINS THROUGH READ OF THE DAY(ROTD):
As cities become megacities, their lanes are losing green cover.
A study of street trees in Kochi, Kerala and Panjim, Goa reported low density of roadside trees and a decline in tree cover in recent years.
Smaller urban centres, like Kochi and Panjim, around the world, hold 41% of the global urban population.
Residents of both cities recognise urban trees for their aesthetic value, regulating services such as water supply and shade, and religious significance. Street trees were not often utilised for their provisioning services, such as food or medicine.
Trees in metropolitan cities are a cost-effective solution to combat the effects of urban heat islands and mitigate floodwaters. It is estimated that urban trees could save up to $500 million annually in public health, storm water management and climate mitigation, according to a report published in Ecological Modelling journal.
TFS:Settlements Geography
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