Gems of al-Andalus
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🔍 Interested in the history of Al-Andalus, the North African Desert, and the Maliki school. Researcher at @usul_ai and Arabic teacher
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♦️Imam Qurtubī mentioned in his Tafsīr regarding the Ayah:

‎الَّذِينَ هُمْ يُرَاءُونَ

Those who do good deeds only to be seen (of men). [6/107]

❝This means ,the people [who] display that they are Praying as if humbly, fearful, and devoted [for Allah].

Like the Fāsiq, he prays so the people can say, “Indeed, He is praying!” [Seeking to admired from the people]

The reality of Riyā’: Seeking what is in the dunya with ‘ibāda.

It’s foundation: Seeking high position/status in the hearts of the people.

Qādhi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabī al-Andalusī al-Mālikī mentioned one of the types of Riyā:

“Displaying Salāh, Sadaqah or beautification/improving the Salāh because of the watching of the people. And from that, he prolongs it [Salāh].”❞

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♦️Ḥisn al-Mudawwar, the great stronghold, a famous castle by the Eagle of Quraish Abd ar-Raḥmān ad-Dākhil in 142 A.H. near Cordoba.

In the 19th century, Almodovar del Rio was known as al-Mudawwar al-Adnā, while the castle was called “Castillo de Almudawar”.

During the 10th century it was tied entirely to the Caliphate of Cordoba, going on to belong in the 10th and 12th centuries to the Taifa of Carmona, subsequently to the Taifa of Sevilla and finally to the Almohad Empire.

The Moorish King Abed Mohammed de Baeza would later die at the gates of the Castle during the 13th century in 1226, the year in which the fort fell into Spanish Christian hands having been handed over to Fernando III.

Henceforth, the castle would go on to be subjected to successive extensions initiated by the Castilian Kings D. Pedro I of Castile and Enrique II of Trastamara. Meanwhile, Alfonso XI and Pedro I ‘The Cruel’ would also end up getting involved in these extensions.

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View of the al Hambra.
Granada, Spain.
Ibn Hazm al-Andalusī:

Men are divided in their opinions, which of those two disasters (separation, and breaking off) is the more cruel.

Each of them is a hard ascent, a bloody death, a black calamity, a year of drought; in each there is something repellent and hostile to the instincts of us all.

🕊Ring of the Dove.

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#Repost

Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī mentions in his book, al-Faṣl, in his chapter of the Hideous/Disgusting Murji’ah (شنيع المرجئة):

❝There was a man in al-Andalus, Muḥammad ibn ‘Isā al-Ilbīrī saying, ‘The Munafiqīn are believers’; and he had followers.❞

And ibn Ḥazm also says:

❝He was abstinent from the Dunyā, an eloquent, talkative admonisher/preacher with little correct [and] a lot of mistakes. I saw him one time and I heard him saying, ‘The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم did not obligate the Zakāh, because he chose that it comes on a Slave Prophet (نبيا عبدا); and for the slave, there is no Zakāh upon him...’

So I (ibn Ḥazm) abstained from his objection because the common people were attending. So, I feared their uproar and revilement from this falsehood.❞

*NOTE*

This is the -latest- version of the book al-Fasl by Imām ibn Hazm al-Andalusī and can be easily bought in Saudi Arabia.

It is written al-Fasl, With a Fatha.

This is also how the book is pronounced.

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The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
The month of Patience, and the three days of every month, are times for fasting.

Imām Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Andalusī said:

What is meant by the month of Patience is the month of Ramaḍān. So fasting is called patience because it restrains the soul from eating, drinking, conjugal relations and sexual desires.

At-Tamhīd (19/61)

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♦️The calling to Prayer (al-Athān) in Gharnāta (Granada), Spain.

SubhanAllah, just think about how only exactly 528 years ago, in this same city where the Athān is being called was was when the Treaty of Granada occurred.

Which was signed treaty with the last rulership of al-Andalus and the catholic monarchs of Spain.

528 years ago, when Muslim rule in al-Andalus was its final days.

528 years ago, when the call of Athān was called in this land from all over.

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Sadl or Qabd?

There‘s a lot debate over the issue of whether one should fold their hands in the Salah or if they should leave them to their sides. We, as Muslims, should be fair in our speech and not forgot that the ‘Ulamā had some differences of opinion.

Al-Imām al-Qurṭubī gives a detailed explanation on this topic. What is surprising is that he explains this from an Āyah in the Qur’ān, an Āyah which many would not expect a discussion about Qabd and Sadl from.

قال الله تعالى : (( فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ ))

Allāh said, what may mean, ❝Therefore pray to your Lord and make a sacrifice.❞

Al-Imām al-Qurṭubī explains the Āyah:

❝And as for what was narrated from ‘Alī bin Abī Ṭālib (عليه السلام), he said, ‘Placing the right on the left in the Ṣalāh.’ [Narrated by ad-Dāraquṭnī].

Our ‘Ulamā’ differed in that in three sayings:

The first:

Not to place (fold) [the hands] in the Farḍ and Nāfilah prayers... It’s not allowed in Farḍ and it is not Mustaḥḥab in Nāfilah prayers.

The second:

Not to preform Qabd in the Farḍ prayers, and to preform Qabd in the Nāfilah prayers for supporting oneself, because this is a place where it is allowed [to do so].

The third:

To preform Qabd, both in the Farḍ and Nāfilah prayers; and this is Ṣaḥīḥ (the opinion of al-Imām al-Qurṭubī), because it is established that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) placed his right hand over his left, from the Ḥadīth of Wā’il bin Ḥujr and others. Ibn Mundir said, “and with it said, Mālik, Aḥmad, Isḥāq, narrated from ash-Shāfi’ī and favored from the people of Ra’ī.

And from those who saw (the opinion) of Sadl, from who we narrated from: ibn as-Zubayr (رضي الله عنه), al-Ḥassan al-Baṣrī and, Ibrāhīm an-Nakhā’ī.❞

Al-Imām al-Qurṭubī continues saying:

❝And it (Sadl) is transmitted also on al-Imām Mālik. Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr said, ‘Releasing the hands and placing the right over the left, both of that is from the Sunnah of the Ṣalāh.’❞ [Refer also to al-Kāfī from al-Imām ibn ‘Abd al-Barr].

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