DIRECTION, MOTION & ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES at OFFSHORE
Wind force is given by
Fw = 0.00338 (Vw)^2 *Ch *Cs* A
where Fw = wind force, lbf,
VA = wind velocity, knots,
Cs = shape coefficient,
Ch - height coefficient, and
A = projected area of all exposed surfaces, sq. ft.
Current force is given by
Fc=gc*(Vc )^2*Cs*A,
where Fc = current drag force, lbf,
Vc = current velocity, ft/sec,
Cs =drag coefficient same as wind coefficient, and
A = projected area of all exposed surfaces, sq. ft.
Wind force is given by
Fw = 0.00338 (Vw)^2 *Ch *Cs* A
where Fw = wind force, lbf,
VA = wind velocity, knots,
Cs = shape coefficient,
Ch - height coefficient, and
A = projected area of all exposed surfaces, sq. ft.
Current force is given by
Fc=gc*(Vc )^2*Cs*A,
where Fc = current drag force, lbf,
Vc = current velocity, ft/sec,
Cs =drag coefficient same as wind coefficient, and
A = projected area of all exposed surfaces, sq. ft.
🕹Refining Of CRUDE- is Boiling Oil👇🏼
A large part of refining involves separating the different fractions of crude oil and other intermediate streams. While water boils at a single temperature, crude oil boils over a wide range of temperatures. By controlling the temperature using very tall distillation columns, different fractions of the crude oil can be separated.
At the top of the column, fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas (or LPG) is produced. A little lower down the column, gasoline (or, more precisely, one of the blending stocks for gasoline called naphtha) is withdrawn. Still lower down the column, jet fuel and diesel fuel are produced.
A large part of refining involves separating the different fractions of crude oil and other intermediate streams. While water boils at a single temperature, crude oil boils over a wide range of temperatures. By controlling the temperature using very tall distillation columns, different fractions of the crude oil can be separated.
At the top of the column, fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas (or LPG) is produced. A little lower down the column, gasoline (or, more precisely, one of the blending stocks for gasoline called naphtha) is withdrawn. Still lower down the column, jet fuel and diesel fuel are produced.
What is the common drilling fluid type which is widely used in drilling?
a) Compressed air
b) Oil-based mud
c) Foam-based mud
d) Water-based mud
a) Compressed air
b) Oil-based mud
c) Foam-based mud
d) Water-based mud
Which of the following is used as drilling fluids in directional and horizontal wells?
Anonymous Quiz
47%
a) Oil-based mud
27%
b) Water-based mud
25%
c) Emulsion-based mud
1%
d) None of the above
Large amount of overbalance reduces the .
Anonymous Quiz
39%
a) Amount of kick
24%
b) Rate of Penetration
6%
c) Mud density
31%
d) All of the above
The oil having API gravity 10-14 are classified as
Anonymous Poll
20%
a) Light crude oil
53%
b) Heavy crude oil
18%
c) Extra heavy crude oil
8%
d) Medium heavy crude oil
The P-wave velocity and the Poisson’s ratio for a homogeneous and isotropic sedimentary
rock are 2500 m/s and 0.3, respectively. The S-wave velocity for the rock is ________m/s
rock are 2500 m/s and 0.3, respectively. The S-wave velocity for the rock is ________m/s
Anonymous Quiz
14%
1223
32%
2000
42%
1335
11%
2334
Which one of the following well log responses characterizes an overpressured zone in the
subsurface?
subsurface?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
(A) High velocity and high resistivity.
27%
(B) Low velocity and low density.
28%
(C) High velocity and low resistivity.
19%
(D) Low velocity and high density.
The geomorphic feature ‘horns’ are formed by
Anonymous Quiz
29%
(A) wind erosion.
19%
(B) river erosion.
28%
(C) wind deposition.
24%
(D) glacial erosion
As the well fluids are produced to the surface their temperature drops & to avoid wax deposition, line heaters are used. Then before horizontal seperators, heat exchangers are used to break emulsion with let say hot oil as heating media,Then in general
Anonymous Quiz
34%
Hot oil should be placed at tube side
51%
Hot oil should be placed at shell side
14%
Well fluid or Hot oil any fluid can be placed at shell side
Which of the following parameters influence the permeability calculations?
Anonymous Poll
43%
a) Viscosity of reservoir fluid
13%
b) Density of reservoir fluid
41%
c) Well damage
4%
d) None
A type of formation with directionally dependent properties is called
Anonymous Poll
28%
a) Isotropic formation
16%
b) Homogeneous formation
53%
c) Anisotropic formation
3%
d) None of the above
Q-- Will be there mentioned/any instructions in Gate 2021 Question paper that this particular question is MSQ ? Bcz so far in Gate papers only *1 marks, 2 marks* section is mentioned, there is no categorisation for MCQ,NAT quesn as well
So shouldn't we expect that , there will be no categorisation for MCQ ?
Then We would have to check each & every option then ? Doesn't it make 2021 paper more tough ?
Ans-No, they will mention about the type of question at the "instruction page". U should read the instructions carefully & write it down in the scribble pad about the type of questions u will encounter serial wise., so that u may not commit any mistake and
secondly with MSQ when u select other options the first selection won't get vanished ... I mean there will be a different type of selection and freeze option for MSQ for sure.
Donot worry about that, u will get clear distinct categorisation in between different types of questions..
This year GATE exam will be favourable for serious aspirants. I think committee will include more conceptual questions...(& may be numerical question weightage may decrease.. it's just a guess..)
Exam competition will be high because of increased number of aspirants (ie.3rd year+ 4rth year.). but only those with good command at basic concepts will be able to get good score.
So shouldn't we expect that , there will be no categorisation for MCQ ?
Then We would have to check each & every option then ? Doesn't it make 2021 paper more tough ?
Ans-No, they will mention about the type of question at the "instruction page". U should read the instructions carefully & write it down in the scribble pad about the type of questions u will encounter serial wise., so that u may not commit any mistake and
secondly with MSQ when u select other options the first selection won't get vanished ... I mean there will be a different type of selection and freeze option for MSQ for sure.
Donot worry about that, u will get clear distinct categorisation in between different types of questions..
This year GATE exam will be favourable for serious aspirants. I think committee will include more conceptual questions...(& may be numerical question weightage may decrease.. it's just a guess..)
Exam competition will be high because of increased number of aspirants (ie.3rd year+ 4rth year.). but only those with good command at basic concepts will be able to get good score.
The pH requirement of effluent water for disposal (as per MINAS) is
Anonymous Poll
40%
6-8.5
28%
9-11.5
13%
3-7.5
19%
6.5-8
The product of dimensionless Capillary number & Reynold's number is ____
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Stanton number
23%
Grashof Number
37%
Weber number
13%
Euler number
17%
Prandtl number
The product of dimensionless Capillary number & Archimedes number is _______
Anonymous Quiz
19%
Frouds number
19%
Biot number
20%
Bond number
28%
Nusselt number
14%
Schmidt number
Class II hydrocarbon are those liq crude oil derivatives with a Flash point range of
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Below 21°C
74%
21-55°C
13%
Above 55°C