🔆 National Parks in Assam

📍 List of National Parks (West to East)
1. Raimona National Park
2. Manas National Park (WHS/ TR/ ER/ BR)
3. Orang National Park and Tiger Reserve (NP/ TR)
4. Nameri National Park (TR)
5. Kaziranga National Park (mentioned later)
6. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park (BR)
7. Dehing Patkai National Park (ER)

MAP SHOWING PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF INDIA

✅ Soil map of India

✅ *Alluvial Soil*

*Formation*: Deposited by rivers; mainly Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains.

*Regions*: Northern plains, parts of Gujarat, coastal areas.

*Types:* Bhangar (older), Khadar (newer).

*Features:* Fertile, rich in potash, poor in nitrogen.

*Crops:* Rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses.

✅*2. Black Soil (Regur Soil)*

*Formation:* Weathering of basalt (Deccan Trap).

*Regions:* Maharashtra, MP, Gujarat, parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

*Features:* Clayey, moisture-retentive, rich in lime & iron, poor in phosphorus.

*Crops:* Cotton (hence “Black Cotton Soil”), oilseeds, millets.

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*✅3. Red Soil*

*Formation:* Weathering of ancient crystalline rocks.

*Regions*: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh.

*Features*: Reddish due to iron, low fertility, porous.

*Crops*: Groundnut, millets, pulses.

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✅*4. Laterite Soil*

*Formation:* Intense leaching in heavy rainfall areas.

*Regions:* Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, NE states, parts of MP and Odisha.

*Features:* Poor in nutrients, acidic, good for plantation crops if manured.

*Crops:* Tea, coffee, cashew, rubber.

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✅*5. Arid/Desert Soil*

*Regions*: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab.

*Features:* Sandy, low moisture retention, saline in some places.

*Improvement*: Fertile with irrigation (Indira Gandhi Canal).

*Crops:* Bajra, barley, pulses.

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✅*6. Forest Soil*

Regions: Himalayan slopes, Western & Eastern Ghats.

Features: Varies with altitude; rich in organic matter in lower slopes.

Crops: Temperate fruits, tea in NE.

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✅*7. Peaty & Marshy Soil*

*Regions*: Kerala, coastal West Bengal, Odisha.

*Features*: High organic matter, acidic, poor drainage.

*Use*: Suitable for rice and jute.

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✅ 8*. Saline & Alkaline Soil*

Cause: Poor drainage, excessive irrigation.

Regions: Arid & semi-arid regions, especially UP, Punjab, Haryana.

Gypsum treatment, proper drainage.

📍Sharing Important Maps for 2025


🔆Countries bordering Syria

#Trick: TIJIL

✅T - Turkey
✅I - Iraq
✅J -Jordan
✅I - Israel
✅L - Lebanon

✅️ Four more wetlands included under the Ramsar Convention

This has increased wetlands tally from 85 to 89, highest in Asia, third globally. Wetlands have been added from Tamil Nadu, Sikkim and Jharkhand.

Tamil Nadu leads with 20 Ramsar sites, the highest among Indian states.
Sikkim and Jharkhand have added their first Ramsar sites.

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
Adopted in Ramsar (Iran) in 1971
Objective: Provides a framework for national and international efforts to conserve and wisely use wetlands.
World Wetlands Day is celebrated on 2nd February

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