— 🇮🇷/🇺🇸/🇶🇦 NEW: Iran has rejected the latest U.S. proposal conveyed through Qatar, which contained a 7-day plan for opening the Strait of Hormuz and lifting the blockade – Reuters

According to Iran, the plan was simply a list of ‘unacceptable demands, not an offer’; the U.S. reportedly asked for Iran’s uranium to be transfered abroad upfront and for an immediate end to the Strait of Hormuz closure.

@Middle_East_Spectator

🇷🇺🇪🇹⚡- Russia has delivered a batch of 12 Su-35 fighter jets to Ethiopia a year earlier than expected. Addis Ababa has stated they are also expecting the delivery of four S-400 air defense batteries soon too.

Meanwhile, Iran has been awaiting its orders of both for 12+ years.

BREAKING: Microsoft stock, $MSFT, surges over +5% after reporting stronger than expected Q3 earnings. https://t.co/Cb06e1j3xb
(@TheKobeissiLetter)

BREAKING: Alphabet stock, $GOOGL, falls over -8% after posting weaker than expected earnings. https://t.co/LuNw3LG9aN
(@TheKobeissiLetter)

📝 🇺🇦 🇷🇺 Ukraine’s front line has moved underground — and it’s changing what defense actually means in this war.

Near Kramatorsk, soldiers of the 93rd “Kholodnyi Yar” Brigade now travel between combat positions through tunnels, not just shelters to wait out shelling. Journalists have compared the growing network to a subway system: junctions, branch tunnels, multiple exits, rest stops for troops hauling heavy gear.

The shift happened because the old solutions stopped working. Anti-drone netting over roads used to buy some protection. It doesn’t anymore. So Ukrainian units found routes drones simply can’t watch — below ground.

“They’re building tunnels and underground fortifications specifically so the enemy can’t kill our soldiers with FPV drones,” said Colonel Vitaliy Sarantsev, spokesman for the 14th Army Corps. “This is genuinely important for the front today, and it’s one way of preserving personnel.”

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy recently visited one of these underground command posts — footage shows a fully built-out facility, not a dugout. Some sites go further still: truck access, parking, mess halls, sleeping quarters, even a drone-ammunition production line the troops call their “underground factory.”

The engineering has been tested. Sergiy, callsign “Marik,” commands an engineer-sapper platoon building strongpoints with corrugated steel and three layers of timber overhead.

“The guys took a direct hit from 152mm artillery. The shelter held. Then a guided bomb hit ten meters away. It held that too. Everyone survived.”

Training has moved underground as well. Odesa’s military academy built the country’s first underground training hub, designed so classes continue through air raid alerts. Troops even fly drones indoors as coursework.

What this actually means
It’s a structural answer to a battlefield that drones have made almost impossible to survive in the open. Military analyst Kostiantyn Mashovets put it plainly: tunnels let Ukrainian forces regroup, resupply, and rotate troops while staying largely invisible to the enemy, cutting off most of Russia’s tactical-level strike options before they can even be used.

Militaries have reached for underground infrastructure before whenever air power made the surface too dangerous to cross. The technology each time is different. The logic stays the same: when the sky becomes too dangerous to move through, armies stop trying, and build somewhere the enemy can’t follow.

“The battlefield is becoming more transparent and more dangerous,” said Colonel Ihor Obolenskyi of the “Khartiia” Corps. “Right now, underground, we’re more effective — both in spirit and technologically.”

Source: ArmyInform

📎 Army Media