👌 🇺🇸 🇳🇴 1X unveils the new humanoid hand for NEO

- 25 degrees of freedom: 22 fully actuated in the fingers and palm, plus 3 at the wrist.
- The DoF are distributed anatomically rather than evenly, deliberately biased toward a thumb that genuinely opposes the fingers.
- In-house tendon-driven, quasi-direct-drive running low gear ratios of ~5:1 to 15:1 vs the typical 100:1–200:1.
- Motors live in the forearm and pull tendons through the wrist. This keeps the hand light and its inertia low while producing high forces.

Sensing

- All 25 DoF are natively force-controlled and fully backdrivable. Every joint doubles as a force sensor.
- Very important, closed-loop proprioception: it always knows its own pose and effort without looking.
- Tactile skin across the fingertips and surfaces measuring contact and shear. This helps with adaptive gripping in real time.

Safety and durability

- IP68 waterproof and food-safe, so it can wash its own hands.
- Compliant by construction: the low gear ratios, tendon drive, and low distal inertia let external impacts safely backdrive the fingers. It yields when hit by a hammer or caught in a drawer.
- Full finger assemblies validated to millions of cycles.

Manufacturing

- Deep vertical integration: in-house motors, custom electronics, and tendon systems.
- Hundreds built already, with capacity to produce 10,000 hands this year.

"An API to the Physical World"

📎 The Humanoid Hub