*NECO GCE GOVERNMENT*

*NUMBER FOUR*

(4a)
A zero-party system is a political system where elections are conducted without the involvement of political parties. Candidates contest as individuals, and the emphasis is on personal merit rather than party affiliation.

(4b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Focus on Individual Competence: Candidates are judged based on their personal qualities, achievements, and competence rather than party loyalty or political affiliation.
(ii) Reduction in Partisan Politics: It eliminates the rivalry and conflicts associated with political parties, fostering unity and cooperation among citizens.
(iii) Minimization of Corruption: Since there are no parties to finance, it reduces the influence of money in politics, thereby lowering the potential for corruption.
(iv) Encourages Independent Thinking: Leaders are free to make decisions based on what is best for the people rather than adhering to party ideologies or policies.
(v) Inclusiveness: It allows individuals from all backgrounds to contest elections, reducing the monopoly of political elites or dominant parties.
(vi) Promotes National Interest: The system emphasizes service to the nation rather than promoting the interests of political parties or factions.
(vii) Simplifies Electoral Process: With no party primaries or complicated structures, the electoral process becomes more straightforward and less expensive.
(viii) Reduces Political Polarization: It fosters a non-divisive environment, as candidates focus on addressing issues rather than aligning with partisan ideologies.

*NECO GCE GOVERNMENT*

*NUMBER THREE*

(3)
(PICK ANY SIX)
(i) Lack of Funding
(ii) Internal Conflicts
(iii) Government Interference
(iv) Limited Membership Base
(v) Poor Leadership
(vi) Lack of Public Support
(vii) Over-Dependence on Elites
(viii) Fragmentation and Division

*=DISCUSSION=*

(PICK ANY SIX)
(i) Lack of Funding: Many pressure groups struggle to achieve their goals due to insufficient financial resources. This limits their ability to organize events, campaigns, and public awareness programs effectively.
(ii) Internal Conflicts: Disagreements among members regarding priorities, strategies, or leadership can weaken the unity and effectiveness of the group.
(iii) Government Interference: In some cases, governments may suppress or manipulate pressure groups through intimidation, restrictive laws, or co-opting their leadership.
(iv) Limited Membership Base: A small or narrowly focused membership may hinder the group’s ability to mobilize widespread support and influence policymakers.
(v) Poor Leadership: Ineffective or corrupt leadership can undermine the credibility and functionality of the group, making it less influential.
(vi) Lack of Public Support: Pressure groups may fail to resonate with the general public, making it harder to achieve their objectives due to limited backing.
(vii) Over-Dependence on Elites: Some groups rely heavily on influential elites, which may alienate ordinary members and reduce grassroots involvement.
(viii) Fragmentation and Division: Splits within pressure groups or competition between similar groups can dilute efforts and make it harder to achieve shared goals.

GOVERNMENT
01-10: DDDCEBCABD
11-20: DD#DADADBD
21-30: ABBBEBEDDB
31-40: BBBDCDECDD
41-50: BEDDECDDDC
51-60: CADACADAAE

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