(2a)
(i)Higher nutrient content: Poultry droppings have a higher nutrient content compared to cow dung, making them a more effective fertilizer.
(ii)Faster decomposition: Poultry droppings decompose faster than cow dung, making the nutrients available to plants more quickly.

(2b)
(i)Burning of young seedlings: Poultry droppings can be too hot for young seedlings and can cause burning or scorching, leading to poor germination and growth.

(2c)
(i)Improves soil structure: Cow dung helps to improve soil structure, making it more conducive for plant growth.
(ii)Increases soil fertility: Cow dung adds nutrients to the soil, increasing its fertility and ability to support plant growth.
(iii)Supports beneficial microbes: Cow dung provides a food source for beneficial microorganisms in the soil, promoting a healthy soil ecosystem.

(2d)
(i)Soil degradation: Continuous use of N.P.K Fertilizer can lead to soil degradation, reducing its fertility and structure.
(ii)Water pollution: N.P.K Fertilizer can leach into water sources, causing pollution and harm to aquatic life.
(iii)Soil acidification: N.P.K Fertilizer can acidify the soil, reducing its pH and making it less conducive for plant growth.

(2e)
(i)Broadcasting: Spreading the fertilizer evenly over the soil surface.
(ii)Banding: Applying the fertilizer in a narrow band along the planting row.
(iii)Fertigation: Applying the fertilizer through irrigation water.

(2f)
(i)Gypsum
(ii)Dolomite
(iii)Calcium nitrate

(3a)
=Specimen I (Onion Bulb): Allium cepa
=Specimen J (Yam Tuber): Dioscorea spp. ( various species)
=Specimen K (Cassava Tuber): Manihot esculenta
=Specimen L (Ginger): Zingiber officinale

(3b)
=Specimen I (Onion bulb); Bulb division
= Specimen J (Yam Tuber): Stem cuttings or setts
= Specimen K (Cassava Tuber): Stem cuttings
= Specimen L (Ginger): Rhizome cuttings

(3c)
(i) Yam beetles
(ii) Yam nematodes

(3d)
(i) Peeling and grating the tubers
(ii) Fermenting the grated cassava for 2-3 days
(iii) Frying the fermented cassava to produce garri

(3e)
Onion (Specimen I): Biennial plant (completes its life cycle in two years)

(3f)
It is used to treat various ailments such as nausea and digestive issues.

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BIOLOGY PRACTICAL ANSWERS
(1ai)
Specimen A - onion (bulb)
Specimen B - Ginger (Rhizome)
Specimen C - Irish potato (tuber)
Specimen D - Potted bean seedlings (A week old)
Specimen E - Maize grain

(1aii)
Specimen A - By bulbs
Specimen B - By Rhizomes
Specimen C - By tubers

(1aiii)
Check the diagram below

(1aiv)
Specimen D - Epigeal germination
Specimen E - Hypogeal germination

(1av)
-Specimen D-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) The cotyledons are brought above the ground during germination.
(ii) The hypocotyl elongates and arches, forming a hook.
(iii) The hook grows upward until it reaches the surface of the soil.
(iv) The cotyledons then spread out and become the first leaves of the plant.

-Specimen E -
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) The cotyledons remain below the ground during germination.
(ii) The epicotyl elongates and arches, forming a hook.
(iii) The hook grows upward until it reaches the surface of the soil.
(iv) The cotyledons then spread out and become the first leaves of the plant.

(1avi)
Specimen D - Tap root system
Specimen E - Adventitious root system

(1avii)
Specimen D - Pinnate venation
Specimen E - Parallel venation

(1aviii)
Specimen A - scales
Specimen B - Rhizome
Specimen C - Eyes

(2ai)
Specimen; F - Pigeon's head with the neck

Specimen; G- Atlas vertebra of a Rabbit

Specimen; H- Lumbar vertebra of a Rabbit

Specimen; I-Cactus plant

Specimen; J - Water lettuce

(2aii)
To support the head and allow for flexibility and movement of the neck.

(2aiii)
Specimen G (Atlas vertebra):
located in the cervical region (neck) of the rabbit.

Specimen H (Lumbar vertebra): Located in the lower back region of the rabbit.

(2aiv)
Occipital bone

(2av)
Diagram

(2avi)
Mammalia.

(2avii)
Specimen I; Cactus plant
(i) Stem succulence (ability to store water in the stem)
(ii) Spines (reduce water loss through transpiration)
(iii) Deep roots (access water deep in the soil)

Specimen J; Water lettuce
(i) Floating leaves (allow the plant to stay afloat on the water surface)
(ii) Long stems (allow the plant to absorb nutrients from the water)


(3ai)
Specimen; K-Ripe Tomato fruit

Specimen; L - Ripe Palm fruit

Specimen; M-Ripe Tridax fruit

Specimen; N - Ripe Mango fruit

Specimen; O-Ripe flamboyant flower.

(3aii)
Specimen K; Berry

Specimen L; Berry

Specimen M; Cypsela

(3aiii)
Specimen K; Axile
Specimen N; Axile

(3aiv)
Specimen L; Dispersal by Animal

Specimen M; Dispersal by wind

(3av)
(i) Hooks
(ii) Lightweight
(iii) Sticky surface

(3avi)
Specimen K
(i) Small sized
(ii) Red coloured

Specimen
(i) Big sized
(ii) Yellow coloured

(3avii)
Diagram

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