BIOLOGY-OBJ
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WAEC 2024 REGISTRATION TILL 20TH FEBRUARY 2024.

*WAEC GCE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE*

(1ai)
Agricultural non-governmental organizations, or agri-NGOs, are organizations that work to improve the lives of farmers and rural communities. They do this through a variety of activities, including promoting sustainable agriculture, providing training and education, advocating for policy change, and supporting local communities.

(1aii)
(i)Providing technical
assistance and training: Organizations like the International Fertilizer Development Center have trained farmers on how to use fertilizers and other inputs more effectively.

(ii)Promoting agroecology: Agroecology is an approach to farming that focuses on using natural resources efficiently and sustainably. Organizations like Groundswell International have promoted this approach in West Africa.

(iii)Facilitating access to markets: Agri-NGOs have helped farmers access markets by connecting them with buyers and providing support with

(2a)
(i) Soil Organisms;
- Soil organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms play crucial roles in nutrient cycling by decomposing organic matter and releasing essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into the soil.
- Soil organisms contribute to the formation and maintenance of soil structure through processes like burrowing and aggregation
- Some soil organisms have antagonistic relationships with plant pathogens, helping to suppress diseases.

(ii) Sunlight;
- Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) for growth and development.
- Sunlight influences photoperiodism, the physiological response of plants to the duration of light and darkness.
- Optimal temperatures facilitated by sunlight promote enzymatic activity, nutrient uptake, and overall plant health, while extremes can lead to stress and reduced productivity.

(iii) Pests;
- Severe pest infestations can result in yield losses, reduced quality of produce, and economic losses for farmers
- Some pests act as vectors for plant diseases, transmitting pathogens that cause various plant diseases such as viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.
- Effective pest management practices are essential for minimizing crop losses while minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring food safety.

(2b)
(i) Nutrient Recycling: Soil exploitation can help in recycling nutrients by incorporating organic matter, which enriches the soil and supports the growth of new vegetation.

(ii) Land Regeneration: Through soil exploitation, areas that have been degraded due to deforestation or other activities can be rejuvenated, allowing for the restoration of forest cover and biodiversity.

(iii) Sustainable Land Use: Proper soil exploitation practices can contribute to sustainable land use, ensuring that the soil remains productive and capable of supporting healthy forest ecosystems for future generations.

(iv) Economic Benefits: Soil exploitation, when done responsibly, can provide economic opportunities for communities through the sustainable harvesting of forest products and the promotion of eco-friendly practices.


(2c)
(i) Crop Rotation: By rotating crops, you can disrupt the life cycles of pests and diseases, reducing their build-up in the soil and on the plants.

(ii) Proper Irrigation Management: Ensuring that irrigation is done at the right time and in the right amounts can help prevent waterlogged conditions that are favorable for disease development.

(iii) Disease-Resistant Varieties: Planting disease-resistant crop varieties can help minimize the impact of diseases, reducing their build-up in the farm.

(iv) Sanitation Practices: Implementing good sanitation practices, such as removing and properly disposing of infected plant residues, can help reduce the spread and build-up of diseases.

(v) Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Adopting an IPM approach, which combines biological, cultural, and chemical control methods, can help manage pests and diseases effectively while minimizing their build-up.

(4a)
I - Ovary
II - Fellopian Tuba
III - Uterus
IV - Urethra
V - Vulva

(4b)
I - Ovary: Produces eggs (ova) and hormones.
II - Fallopian Tube: Transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization.
III - Uterus: Supports the development of a fertilized egg into a fetus.
IV - Urethra: Passageway for urine from the bladder.
V - Vulva: External genitalia; includes labia, clitoris, and openings for urethra and vagina.

(4c)
(i)Cows
(ii)Pigs
(iii) Sheep

More coming

(2a)dehorner.

(2b)
I: The handle.
II: The blade.
III: The stop.

(2c)
(i)Cattle
(ii)Goats
(iii)Sheep

(2d)
(i)Use proper restraint.
(ii)Disinfect the equipment
(iii)Apply local anesthesia.
(iv)Treat the wound.

(1ai)
I: Photosynthesis
II: Respiration
III: Combustion

(1aii)Water (CO2).

More coming

(1ai)
I: Photosynthesis
II: Respiration
III: Combustion

(1aii)Water (CO2).

(1aiii)
(i)The nutrient cycle helps to maintain and improve the soil fertility by recycling organic matter and minerals from plants and animals.
(ii)The nutrient cycle ensures that crops have access to essential nutrients for their growth and development, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
(iii)The nutrient cycle reduces the need for external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, which can have negative impacts on the environment and human health.

(1bi)
COMPLETE THE TABLE PLEASE!
Under Soil sample
A
B
C
D
E
Under ph
- 10.5
- 6.2
- 8.4
- 2.3
- 7.0
Under Inference
A - Very alkaline
B  - Slightly acidic
C - Moderately alkaline
D - Very acidic
E - Neutral

(1bii)
Soil sample D would require the application of oyster shell, as it is very acidic and oyster shell can help raise the pH and make it more alkaline.

(1biii)
(i)Two ways of improving the pH of soil sample A are:
(ii)Adding organic matter such as compost or manure, which can lower the pH and make it more acidic.
(iii)Applying sulfur or iron sulfate, which can react with water and form sulfuric acid, which can lower the pH and make it more acidic